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sector:energy:fugitive:flaring:start [2024/04/18 09:27] – [Table] kotzullasector:energy:fugitive:flaring:start [2026/03/17 10:22] (current) – [1.B.2.c - Venting and Flaring] kotzulla
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-^  NO<sub>x</sub>                         ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  |  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC   ^  CO   |  Pb  |  Cd  ^  Hg   |  Additional HM  |  POPs  | +^  NO<sub>x</sub>                         ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  |  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC   ^  CO   |  Pb  |  Cd  ^  Hg   |  Other HM  |  POPs  | 
-|  -/-                                    |  -/-    |  -/-             |  NA              |  -/-               |  -/-              |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  NA  |  NA  |  -/-  |  NA             |  NA    | +|  -/-                                    |  -/-    |  -/-             |  NA              |  -/-               |  -/-              |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  NA  |  NA  |  -/-  |  NA        |  NA    | 
-|  {{page>general:Misc:LegendKCA:start}}                                                                                                                                                       ||||||||||||||+|  {{page>general:Misc:LegendKCA:start}}                                                                                                                                                  ||||||||||||||
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 __Table 1: Activity data applied for 1.B.2.c__ __Table 1: Activity data applied for 1.B.2.c__
-^                             ^  Unit           ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2020  ^  2022  ^ +^                             ^  Unit           ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2020  ^  2023  ^  2024  ^ 
-| Flared natural gas          | millions of m³  |     36 |     33 |     36 |   18.7 |   12.1 |   10.5 |   14.1 |   10.4 | +| Flared natural gas          | millions of m³  |     36 |     33 |     36 |   18.7 |   12.1 |   10.5 |   14.1 |   10.8 |  9.7   | 
-| Refined crude-oil quantity  | millions of t   |    107 |   96.5 |  107.6 |  114.6 |   95.4 |   93.4 |   84.0 |   90.0 |+| Refined crude-oil quantity  | millions of t   |    107 |   96.5 |  107.6 |  114.6 |   95.4 |   93.4 |   84.0 |   79.1 |  85.4  | 
 + 
 +\\
  
 Flaring takes place in extraction and pumping systems and at refineries. In refineries, flaring operations are subdivided into regular operations and start-up / shut-down operations in connection with disruptions.  Flaring takes place in extraction and pumping systems and at refineries. In refineries, flaring operations are subdivided into regular operations and start-up / shut-down operations in connection with disruptions. 
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 ^  SO<sub>2</sub>    |  8.885  | ^  SO<sub>2</sub>    |  8.885  |
 ^  CO     |  0.726  | ^  CO     |  0.726  |
 +
 +\\
  
 __Table 3: Emission factors applied for flaring emissions at petroleum production facilities__ __Table 3: Emission factors applied for flaring emissions at petroleum production facilities__
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 ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  |  kg/t  |  0.010  | ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  |  kg/t  |  0.010  |
 ^  CO   |  g/t   |  0.1    | ^  CO   |  g/t   |  0.1    |
 +
 +\\
  
 __Table 4: Emission factors applied for flaring emissions at at refineries: normal flaring operations__ __Table 4: Emission factors applied for flaring emissions at at refineries: normal flaring operations__
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 ^  SO<sub>2</sub>    |  kg/m³  |  0.003  | ^  SO<sub>2</sub>    |  kg/m³  |  0.003  |
 ^  NO<sub>x</sub>    |  g/m³   |  0.4    | ^  NO<sub>x</sub>    |  g/m³   |  0.4    |
 +
 +\\
 +
  
 __Table 5: Emission factors applied for flaring emissions at at refineries: disruptions of flaring operations, in [kg/t]__ __Table 5: Emission factors applied for flaring emissions at at refineries: disruptions of flaring operations, in [kg/t]__
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 ^  SO<sub>2</sub>    |  0.007  | ^  SO<sub>2</sub>    |  0.007  |
 ^  NO<sub>x</sub>    |  0.004  | ^  NO<sub>x</sub>    |  0.004  |
 +
 +\\
  
 The emission factors have been derived from the 2004 and 2008 emissions declarations Theloke et al. 2013 [(THELOKE2013)]. In 2019, they were updated for CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, CO, NMVOC, NO<sub>x</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub>, on the basis of Bender & von Müller, 2019 [(BENDER2019)]. The emission factors have been derived from the 2004 and 2008 emissions declarations Theloke et al. 2013 [(THELOKE2013)]. In 2019, they were updated for CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, CO, NMVOC, NO<sub>x</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub>, on the basis of Bender & von Müller, 2019 [(BENDER2019)].
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 ===== Planned improvements ===== ===== Planned improvements =====
  
-Currently no improvements are planned. +<WRAP center round info 50%> 
 +At the moment, no further category-specific improvements are planned. 
 +</WRAP>
  
-===== References ===== 
  
 +[(THELOKE2013> Theloke et al. (2013): Theloke, J., Kampffmeyer, T., Kugler, U., Friedrich, R., Schilling, S., Wolf, L., & Springwald, T.: Ermittlung von Emissionsfaktoren und Aktivitätsraten im Bereich IPCC - Diffuse Emissionen aus Mineralöl und Mineralölprodukten; Institut für Energiewirtschaft und Rationelle Energieanwendung (IER) (University of Stuttgart) with Eurofins GfA GmbH (Mannheim) and Ökopol GmbH (Hamburg), on behalf of the Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau, 2013 (not available online))]
  
-[(THELOKE2013>Theloke, J., Kampffmeyer, T., Kugler, U., Friedrich, R., Schilling, S., Wolf, L., & Springwald, T. (2013). Ermittlung von Emissionsfaktoren und Aktivitätsraten im Bereich IPCC (1996) 1.B.2.a. i-vi - Diffuse Emissionen aus Mineralöl und Mineralölprodukten (Förderkennzeichen 360 16 033). Stuttgart.)] +[(BENDER2019> Bender, M., & von Müller, G. (2019). Konsolidierung der Treibhausgasemissionsberechnungen unter der 2. Verpflichtungsperiode des Kyoto-Protokolls und der neuen Klimaschutz-Berichterstattungs-pflichten an die EU (FKZ 3716 41 107 0).)]
-[(BENDER2019>Bender, M., & von Müller, G. (2019). Konsolidierung der Treibhausgasemissionsberechnungen unter der 2. Verpflichtungsperiode des Kyoto-Protokolls und der neuen Klimaschutz-Berichterstattungs-pflichten an die EU (FKZ 3716 41 107 0).)]+