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sector:waste:cremation:start [2024/01/16 12:33] – [5.C.1.b v - Cremation] kotzullasector:waste:cremation:start [2026/03/13 09:44] (current) – [Table] kotzulla
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 ====== 5.C.1.b v - Cremation===== ====== 5.C.1.b v - Cremation=====
  
-^ Category Code  ^  Method ^  AD  ^  EF  | +^  Category Code                          ^  Method  ^  AD  ^  EF     ^ 
-| 5.C.1.b.v      |  CS     |  AS  |  D, CS | +|  5.C.1.b.v                              |  CS      |  AS  |  D, CS  | 
-| {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}} ||||+|  {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}                           |||| 
 + 
 +\\ 
 +^  NO<sub>x</sub>                         ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  |  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC  ^  CO   ^  Pb   ^  Cd   ^  Hg   ^  As  ^  Cr  ^  Cu  ^  Ni  ^  Se  ^  Zn  ^  PCDD/F  ^  B(a)P  ^  B(b)F  ^  B(k)F  ^  I(x)P  ^  PAH1-4  ^  HCB  ^  PCBs  ^ 
 +|  -/-                                    |  -/-    |  -/-             |  NA              |  -/-               |  -/-              |  -/-  |  NE  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  NE  |  NE  |  NE  |  NE  |  NE  |  NE  |  -/-     |  -/-    |  -/-    |  NE     |  -/-    |  -/-     |  -/-  |  -/-   | 
 +|  {{page>general:Misc:Legendkca:start}}                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |||||||||||||||||||||||||| 
  
-^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC  ^  CO   ^  Pb   ^  Cd     ^  Hg   ^  PCDD/F  ^  
-|  -/-             |  -/-    |  -/-             |  NA               |  -/-               |  -/-              |  -/-  |  -   |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-   |  -/-  |  -/-   |   
-| {{page>general:Misc:Legendkca:start}} ||||||||||||| 
 =====Method===== =====Method=====
  
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 __Table 1: Annual amount of cremated human bodies, in [kt]__ __Table 1: Annual amount of cremated human bodies, in [kt]__
-^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2015   ^  2020   ^  2021  ^ +^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2015   ^  2020   ^  2023   ^ 
-|  13.55  |  25.32  |  26.24  |  29.22  |  34.18  |  45.88  |  56.77  | 60.19  |+|  13.55  |  25.32  |  26.24  |  29.22  |  34.18  |  45.88  |  56.77  |  62.51  |
 Source: own calculation, conversion is not described in more detail here for reasons of piety, but is done in a manner comparable to other publications. Source: own calculation, conversion is not described in more detail here for reasons of piety, but is done in a manner comparable to other publications.
 ====Emission factors==== ====Emission factors====
  
-Emission factors used are default values from the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2016 [(EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2016, Copenhagen, 2016)] as well as new national data for POPs from the research project "POP- und Hg-Emissionen aus abfallwirtschaftlichen Anlagen" - Teilvorhaben zum Globalvorhaben „Überprüfung des Standes der Technik der Emissionen prioritärer Schadstoffe für einzelne Industriebranchen (Kleinfeuerungsanlagen und abfallwirtschaftliche Anlagen)“ [(Stöcklein; Gass; Suritsch: "POP- und Hg-Emissionen aus abfallwirtschaftlichen Anlagen", Teilvorhaben zum Globalvorhaben „Überprüfung des Standes der Technik der Emissionen prioritärer Schadstoffe für einzelne Industriebranchen (Kleinfeuerungsanlagen und abfallwirtschaftliche Anlagen)“; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/378/publikationen/texte_38_2016_pop-und_hg-emissionen_aus_abfallwirtschaftlichen_anlagen.pdf; UBA-Texte 38/2016; im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, April 2016)] .+Emission factors used are default values from the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2023 [(EMEPEEA2023)] as well as national data for POPs from the research project "POP- und Hg-Emissionen aus abfallwirtschaftlichen Anlagen" - Teilvorhaben zum Globalvorhaben „Überprüfung des Standes der Technik der Emissionen prioritärer Schadstoffe für einzelne Industriebranchen (Kleinfeuerungsanlagen und abfallwirtschaftliche Anlagen)“ [(STOECKLEIN2016)] .
  
-In 2018 the TERT noted that the German Hg EF is 100 times smaller than the default value proposed in the 2016 EMEP/EEA Guidebook and the Cd and Pb EF are 1000 times smaller than the default values proposed in the 2016 EMEP/EEA Guidebook. However, the EF for Pb and Cd are based on national expert judgement: assumption that a) the emissions behave similarly to dust and b) the dust limit value of the air pollution control specification (27th BImSchV) is complied with (to be confirmed on the basis of the new measurement data from 5 crematoria with different exhaust gas cleaning systems). The Hg EF was calculated on the basis of the German report on “OSPAR Recommendation 2003/4 on controlling the dispersal of mercury from crematoria", but is under evaluation.+In 2018, the TERT noted that the German emission factor for Hg is 100 times smaller than the default value proposed in the 2016 EMEP/EEA Guidebook and the emission factors for Cd and Pb being 1,000 times smaller than the proposed default values.  
 +However, the EFs for Pb and Cd are based on national expert judgement assuming that a) the emissions behave similarly to dust and b) the dust limit value of the air pollution control specification (27th BImSchV) is complied with (to be confirmed on the basis of the new measurement data from 5 crematoria with different exhaust-gas cleaning systems).  
 +In contrast, the country-specific emission factor for Hg was calculated on the basis of the German report on “OSPAR Recommendation 2003/4 on controlling the dispersal of mercury from crematoria" - and was revised after the finalization of the research project „Umweltrelevanz und Stand der Technik bei Einäscherungsanlagen“ (Environmental relevance and state of the art for cremation plants) [(SCHETTERBITTIG2020)]. As part of this research project, emission measurements were carried out at six cremation routes. According to OSPAR reporting 2010/2014, approx. 90% of the plants have effective Hg mitigation technology, whereas approx. 10% are not equipped. This ratio is roughly reflected in the 2020 project report, too. 
 +Since the cremation duration is approximately one hour, the mean value per hour corresponds to the Hg load per cremation and is used accordingly for inventory calculation. 
  
-After the finalization of a research Project [(FKZ 3716 53 3021 „Umweltrelevanz und Stand der Technik bei Einäscherungsanlagen“ (Environmental relevance and state of the art for cremation plants); URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/umweltrelevanz-stand-technik-einaescherungsanlagen)] the Hg EF is revised. As part of the project, emission measurements were carried out at six cremation routes. According to OSPAR reporting 2010/2014, approx. 90% of the plants have effective Hg mitigation technology, whereas approx. 10% are not equipped with effective Hg mitigation technology. This ratio is roughly reflected in the 2020 project report, too. +As developement of state of the art, values are interpolated between 2010 and 2018 (from 0,0913 g/cremation to 0,0449 g/cremation). This time span represents a real retrofit of the crematoria.
-This results in the following weighted mean value: +
  
-<WRAP center round info 40%> +Emission factors for TSP, PM<sub>10</sub>, and PM<sub>2.5</sub> derive from the research study "Studie zur Korngrößenverteilung (PM<sub>10</sub> und PM<sub>2.5</sub>) von Staubemissionen"[(DREISEIDLER1999)].
-0.9 x 0.0225 g/h + 0.1 x 0.2468 g/h = 0.0449588207 g/h. +
-</WRAP> +
-   +
-Since the cremation duration is approximately one hour, the mean value per hour corresponds to the Hg load per cremation and is used accordingly in the inventory calculation. Values are interpolated between the two endpoints 2010 and 2018. +
- +
-EF for TSP, PM<sub>10</sub>, and PM<sub>2.5</sub> derive from the research study "Studie zur Korngrößenverteilung (PM<sub>10</sub> und PM<sub>2.5</sub>) von Staubemissionen" [(Dreiseidler, A.; Baumbach, G.; Pregger, T.; Obermeier, A. (1999): Studie zur Korngrößenverteilung (< PM<sub>10</sub> und < PM<sub>2.5</sub>) von Staubemissionen. UBA-Forschungsbericht 297 44 853, Umweltbundesamt Berlin (Study on particle size distribution (< PM<sub>10</sub> and < PM<sub>2.5</sub>) of dust emissions))].+
  
 ===== Trends in emissions ===== ===== Trends in emissions =====
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 [{{:sector:waste:em_5c_crem_since_1990.png|**Emission trends in NFR 5.C.1.b.v**}}] [{{:sector:waste:em_5c_crem_since_1990.png|**Emission trends in NFR 5.C.1.b.v**}}]
  
 +note: small changes for 2023
 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
  
 <WRAP center round info 60%> <WRAP center round info 60%>
-With **activity data and emission factors remaining unrevised**, no recalculations were carried out compared to Submission 2022.+With **activity data and emission factors remaining unrevised**, no recalculations were carried out compared to the previous submission.
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
 +===== Planned improvements =====
 +
 +<WRAP center round info 45%>
 +At the moment, no category-specific improvements are planned.
 +</WRAP>
 +
 +[(EMEPEEA2023> EMEP/EEA, 2023: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2023, Copenhagen, 2023, https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2023)] 
 +
 +[(STOECKLEIN2016> Stöcklein, Gass u. Suritsch, 2016: "POP- und Hg-Emissionen aus abfallwirtschaftlichen Anlagen", Teilvorhaben zum Globalvorhaben „Überprüfung des Standes der Technik der Emissionen prioritärer Schadstoffe für einzelne Industriebranchen (Kleinfeuerungsanlagen und abfallwirtschaftliche Anlagen“; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/378/publikationen/texte_38_2016_pop-und_hg-emissionen_aus_abfallwirtschaftlichen_anlagen.pdf; UBA-Texte 38/2016; im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, April 2016)]
 +
 +[(SCHETTERBITTIG2020> Schetter, Dr. G., Bittig, Dr. M. (2020): Schetter GmbH & Co. KG mit Köngen Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V., Duisburg, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 3716 53 3021 „Umweltrelevanz und Stand der Technik bei Einäscherungsanlagen“ (Environmental relevance and state of the art for cremation plants); URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/umweltrelevanz-stand-technik-einaescherungsanlagen; ISSN 1862-4804, Köngen/Duisburg/Dessau-Roßlau, August 2019)]
  
 +[(DREISEIDLER1999> Dreiseidler, A., Baumbach, G., Pregger, T., Obermeier, A. (1999): Studie zur Korngrößenverteilung (< PM<sub>10</sub> und < PM<sub>2.5</sub>) von Staubemissionen. UBA-Forschungsbericht 297 44 853, Umweltbundesamt Berlin (Study on particle size distribution (< PM<sub>10</sub> and < PM<sub>2.5</sub>) of dust emissions))]