meta data for this page
  •  

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revisionPrevious revision
Next revision		Previous revision
sector:waste:open_burning:start [2026/03/11 11:09] – kotzullasector:waste:open_burning:start [2026/03/16 13:58] (current) – [Table] mielke
Line 7: Line 7:
 ---- ----
  
-^  NO<sub>x</sub>                         ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC   ^  CO   ^  Pb   ^  Cd   ^  Hg  ^  As  ^  Cr  ^  Cu  ^  Ni  ^  Se  ^  Zn  ^  PCDD/F  ^  B(a)P  ^  B(b)F  ^  B(k)F  ^  I(x)P  ^  PAH1-4  ^  HCB  ^  PCBs  ^ +^  NO<sub>x</sub>                         ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC   ^  CO   ^  Pb   ^  Cd   ^  Hg  ^  As  ^  Cr   ^  Cu   ^  Ni   ^  Se   ^  Zn   ^  PCDD/F  ^  B(a)P  ^  B(b)F  ^  B(k)F  ^  I(x)P  ^  PAHs  ^  HCB  ^  PCB  ^ 
-|  -/-                                    |  -/-    |  -/-             |  NE              |  -/-               |  -/-              |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  NE  |  NE  |  NE  |  NE  |  NE  |  NE  |  NE  |  -/-     |  -/-    |  -/-    |  -/-    |  -/-    |  -/-     |  NE   |  NE    | +|  -/-                                    |  -/-    |  -/-             |  NE              |  -/-               |  -/-              |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  NE  |  NE  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-     |  -/-    |  -/-    |  -/-    |  -/-    |  -/-   |  NE   |  NE   | 
-|  {{page>general:Misc:Legendkca:start}}                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ||||||||||||||||||||||||||+|  {{page>general:Misc:Legendkca:start}}                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
  
 Within NFR sub-category 5.C.2 - Open Burning of Waste, the German emissions inventory provides only emissions from allowed bonfires and from other wooden materials burnt outdoors. Emissions from bonfires are key source for PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>, but in principle of minor priority due to discontinuous appearance. Within NFR sub-category 5.C.2 - Open Burning of Waste, the German emissions inventory provides only emissions from allowed bonfires and from other wooden materials burnt outdoors. Emissions from bonfires are key source for PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>, but in principle of minor priority due to discontinuous appearance.
Line 33: Line 33:
 Two types of fires were already classified in the expert project: camp fires in the more private sector and, most importantly, Easter Fires in the more public sector. The calculations are now considered separately and the camp fires are modeled with a continued steady decline.  Two types of fires were already classified in the expert project: camp fires in the more private sector and, most importantly, Easter Fires in the more public sector. The calculations are now considered separately and the camp fires are modeled with a continued steady decline. 
  
-Here, Easter fires follow an approach about general percentage decreases and additionally in 2019 five percentage points decrease corresponding to various cancels due to forest fire risk. In 2020 and 2021, an additional 70 percent decrease was modeled due to cancellations for pandemic response (but no complete cancellation in Germany because there were exceptions and follow-up events). For 2022 no restrictions were modelled, only the known slight decreasing trend.+Here, Easter fires follow an approach based on a general percentage decrease of ~0.9% per year.  
 +Apart from this general approach, 2019 shows an additional 5 percentage points decrease due to a exceptionally high risk for forest fires that lead to a ban on open fires.  
 +Furthermore for 2020 and 2021, an additional 60 percent decrease was modeled due to cancellations for pandemic response (no 100% collapse due to local exceptions and follow-up events).  
 +For all years as of 2022 no such additional restrictions were modelled with the trend returning to the path left after 2018.
  
 The following values are the result of evaluation: The following values are the result of evaluation:
Line 40: Line 43:
 ^  1990     ^  1995     ^  2000     ^  2005     ^  2010     ^  2015     ^  2016     ^  2017     ^  2018     ^  2019     ^  2020     ^  2021     ^  2022     ^  2023     ^  2024     ^ ^  1990     ^  1995     ^  2000     ^  2005     ^  2010     ^  2015     ^  2016     ^  2017     ^  2018     ^  2019     ^  2020     ^  2021     ^  2022     ^  2023     ^  2024     ^
 |  431,394  |  414,275  |  397,157  |  380,038  |  362,919  |  345,800  |  342,376  |  339,466  |  336,556  |  319,531  |  135,170  |  134,297  |  324,915  |  322,005  |  319,094  | |  431,394  |  414,275  |  397,157  |  380,038  |  362,919  |  345,800  |  342,376  |  339,466  |  336,556  |  319,531  |  135,170  |  134,297  |  324,915  |  322,005  |  319,094  |
 +
 +{{ :sector:waste:open_burning:5c2aii_ad.png?800 | Annual amounts of wood burnt in bonfires. }}
 +
  
 ====Emission factors==== ====Emission factors====
  
-As discussed on Review 2020 regarding EF used and referenced: We use different EF from different references suitable for the burning of wooden wastes. We consider both fresh wood (garden and park waste) and dry wood (without coatings etc.). We have tried to find relevant parallels, for example because of the burning of fresh wood with regard to forest fires. But the majority of EF are derived from the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2023 for 5.C.2, evaluated and corrected in use, as shown in the following table:+As discussed on Review 2020 regarding EF used and referenced: We use different EF from different references suitable for the burning of wooden wastes. We consider both fresh wood (garden and park waste) and dry wood (without coatings etc.). We have tried to find relevant parallels, for example because of the burning of fresh wood with regard to forest fires.  
 + 
 +However, the majority of emission factors is derived from the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2023 for 5.C.2, evaluated and corrected in use, as shown in the following table:
  
 +__Table 2: Emission factors applied for emissions from bonfires__
 ^                   ^  value  ^  unit  ^ Current reference                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ^ ^                   ^  value  ^  unit  ^ Current reference                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ^
 ^ CO                |  48.8   |  kg/t  | EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2023, Chapter 5.C.2 Open burning of waste, table 3-2: Tier 2 emission factors for source category 5.C.2 Small-scale waste burning,\\ forest residues [(EMEPEEA2023)]                                                                                                | ^ CO                |  48.8   |  kg/t  | EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2023, Chapter 5.C.2 Open burning of waste, table 3-2: Tier 2 emission factors for source category 5.C.2 Small-scale waste burning,\\ forest residues [(EMEPEEA2023)]                                                                                                |
Line 53: Line 62:
 ^ PM<sub>10</sub>   |  4.13   |  kg/t  | :::                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | ^ PM<sub>10</sub>   |  4.13   |  kg/t  | :::                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
 ^ PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  3.76   |  kg/t  | :::                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | ^ PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  3.76   |  kg/t  | :::                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
-^ BC                |  1,05   |  kg/t  | EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2023, Chapter 5.C.2 Open burning of waste, table 3-2: f-BC = 28% of PM2.5 [(EMEPEEA2023)]                                                                                                                                                                           |+^ BC                |  1,05   |  kg/t  | EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2023, Chapter 5.C.2 Open burning of waste, table 3-2: f-BC = 28% of PM<sub>2.5</sub> [(EMEPEEA2023)]                                                                                                                                                                |
 ^ PCDD/F            |  10.0   |  µg/t  | EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2023, Chapter 5.C.2 Open burning of waste, table 3-1 - Tier 1 emission factors for source category 5.C.2 Small-scale waste burning [(EMEPEEA2023)]                                                                                                                  | ^ PCDD/F            |  10.0   |  µg/t  | EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2023, Chapter 5.C.2 Open burning of waste, table 3-1 - Tier 1 emission factors for source category 5.C.2 Small-scale waste burning [(EMEPEEA2023)]                                                                                                                  |
 ^ PAH               |  3.39   |  g/t   | sum of single compounts                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | ^ PAH               |  3.39   |  g/t   | sum of single compounts                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
Line 66: Line 75:
 ===== Trends in emissions ===== ===== Trends in emissions =====
  
-All trends in emissions correspond to trends of AD. No emissions reduction measures are identifiable in the long term.+With no annual emission factors (no emission reduction measures implemeted or to be expected), emission development correspond to the trend of activity data.  
 +Accordingly, 2020 and 2021 show a strong decrease for all covered pollutants due to the Covid pandemic and the restrictions on public life visible such as locally organized traditional bonfires (Easter or solstice fires etc.).
  
 [{{:sector:waste:em_5c_bon_since_1990.png|**Emission trends of bonfires**}}] [{{:sector:waste:em_5c_bon_since_1990.png|**Emission trends of bonfires**}}]
 +
 +
 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====