1.A.3.d ii - National Navigation

Under category 1.A.3.d ii - National Navigation emissions from national navigation (both inland and maritime) are reported.

As described for the over-all sector 1.A.3.d and all other navigational activities in the superordinate chapter, specific fuel consumption data for NFR 1.A.3.d ii is included in the primary fuel deliveries data provided in NEB lines 6 ('International Maritime Bunkers') and 64 ('Coastal and Inland Navigation') ¹⁾.

Here, the annual fuel consumption for domestic maritime navigation are modelled within ²⁾ based on AIS data and deduced from NEB lines 6 and 64 respectively, depending on whether or not a certain ship is registered by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Here, fuels consumed by large, IMO-registered and sea-going ships and vessels are included in NEB line 6 whereas fuels consumed by smaller ships without IMO-registration are included in NEB line 64. After these deductions, the amounts of fuels remaining in NEB 64 are allocated to domestic inland navigation.

The small amounts of LNG used almost entirely in ferries are not yet included in the NEB but are estimated directly in the BSH model.

Table 1: Annual over-all fuel consumption for domestic navigation, in terajoule

Table 2: Specific fuel consumption data for domestic maritime and inland navigation, in terajoule

The emission factors applied for national maritime navigation are derived from different sources and therefore are of very different quality.

For the main pollutants, country-specific implied values are used, that are based on tier3 EF included in the BSH model ³⁾ which mainly relate on values from the EMEP/EEA guidebook 2019 ⁴⁾. These modelled IEFs take into account the ship specific information derived from AIS data as well as the mix of fuel-qualities applied depending on the type of ship and the current state of activity.

Here, for sulphur dioxide and particulate matter, annual values are available representing the impact of fuel sulphur legislation. In addition, regarding ₂, the increasing operation of so-called scrubbers in order to fullfil emission limits especially within SECA areas is reflected for heavy fuel oil.

Table 3: Country-specific emission factors applied for fuels used in domestic maritime navigation, in [kg/TJ]

¹ identical EF applied for diesel oil and light fuel oil
² estimated from f-BCs as provided in ⁵⁾: f-BC (HFO) = 0.12, f-BC (MDO/MGO) = 0.31 as provided in ⁶⁾, chapter: 1.A.3.d.i, 1.A.3.d.ii, 1.A.4.c.iii Navigation, Tables 3-1 & 3-2
³ ratio of PM_2.5 : PM₁₀ : TSP derived from the tier1 default EF as provided in ⁷⁾, chapter: 1.A.3.d.i, 1.A.3.d.ii, 1.A.4.c.iii Navigation, Tables 3-1 & 3-2

For main pollutants and particulate matter from national inland navigation, modelled emission factors are available from TREMOD (Knörr et al. (2023a)) ⁸⁾. Here, for SO₂, and PM, annual values reflect the impact of fuel-sulphur legislation.

Table 4: Country-specific emission factors for diesel fuels used in domestic inland navigation, in [kg/TJ]

¹ calculated from f-BC as provided in ⁹⁾, Chapter: 1.A.3.d.i, 1.A.3.d.ii, 1.A.4.c.iii, Table 3-2: f-BC (MDO/MGO) = 0.31
² EF(PM_2.5) also applied for PM₁₀ and TSP (assumption: > 99% of TSP from diesel oil combustion consists of PM_2.5)

Table 5: Outcome of Key Category Analysis

For ammonia, NMVOC, and nitrogen oxides as well as carbon monoxide, emission trends more or less represent the trend in over-all fuel consumption.

Nonetheless, for these pollutants, annual emission factors from BSH ¹⁰⁾ and TREMOD ¹¹⁾ have been applied for national maritime and inland navigation, respectively, reflecting the technical development of the German inland navigation fleet.

Here, the trends in sulphur dioxide and particulate matter emissions reflect the impact of ongoing fuel-sulphur legislation especially in maritime navigation.

Compared to the previous submisison, activity data were re-estimated in accordance with the revised National Energy Balances (NEB) 2003 to 2021. As part of this revision, gasoline and LPG applied in inland navigation have been taken into account for the first time within the National Energy Balance.

As the NEB does not provide data on gasoline and LPG before 2003, amounts for 1990 to 2002 were extrapolatded backwards for gap-filling. In addition, the amounts of biogasoline corresponding to the gasoline inland deliveries was estimated within TREMOD.

Furthermore, but with no effects on emission estimates, diesel oil and light fuel oil used in national maritime navigation are reported seperately now.

Table 6: Revised fuel consumption data for national maritime and inland navigation, in terajoules

Table 7: Revised over-all fuel consumption data for national navigation, in terajoules

Uncertainty estimates for activity data of mobile sources derive from research project FKZ 360 16 023: “Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland” by Knörr et al. (2009) ¹²⁾.

Besides the routine revisions of the models used for maritime and inland navigation, no specific improvements are scheduled.