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general:trends:emission_trends_pm2.5 [2021/04/21 13:04] – [Main drivers] gniffkegeneral:trends:emission_trends_pm2.5 [2026/02/13 10:36] (current) – vosen
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 ===== Obligations ===== ===== Obligations =====
-Germany has made a commitment to reduce particulate matter emissions. The revised Gothenburg Protocol and the revised NEC Directive both define emission reduction targets relative to a 2005 base year, mandating 26% (2020) and 43% (2030) reductions respectively.+ 
 +Germany has made a commitment to reduce particulate matter emissions. The revised Gothenburg Protocol and the revised NEC Directive both define emission reduction targets relative to a 2005 base year, mandating 26% (by 2020) and 43% (by 2030) reductions respectively.
  
 While Germany's compliance with these obligations is not discussed here, further information on this subject can be found in [[general:projections:start|Chapter 9 - Projections]] and [[general:adjustments:start|Chapter 11 - Adjustments and Emission Ceiling Exceedance]]. While Germany's compliance with these obligations is not discussed here, further information on this subject can be found in [[general:projections:start|Chapter 9 - Projections]] and [[general:adjustments:start|Chapter 11 - Adjustments and Emission Ceiling Exceedance]].
  
 ===== Main drivers ===== ===== Main drivers =====
-T**otal PM₂.₅ emissions** dropped by 55.3% between 1995 and 2019. The Main Drivers for PM₂.₅ emissions are **Fuel Combustion (NFR 1.A)** with 72.5% of total 1995 emissions and a 63% reduction between 1995-2019 and as a sum the **Industrial Processes (NFR 2)** with about 21% of total 1995 emissions and a 41% reduction between 1995-2018. 
  
-Within both National totals and NFR 1.A, **Transport (NFR 1.A.3)** is responsible for the biggest part of PM₂.₅ emissions. Here, about 77% of 2019 PM₂.₅ emissions are induced by **Road Transport (NFR 1.A.3.b)**, caused by two third directly by fuel consumption **(NFR 1.A.3.b.i - v)** and the other third by road abrasion and tyre and brake wear **(NFR 1.A.3.b.vi - vii)**.+Between 1995 and 2024, **Total PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions declined by 62.0%**. 
  
-__PM₂.₅ Emissions 1990-2019__+The **main drivers** for PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions are **Fuel Combustion (NFR 1.A)** with 73% of total 1995 emissions and a 69% reduction between 1995 and 2024 and, as a sum, the **Industrial Processes (NFR 2)** with about 21% of total 1995 emissions and a 52% reduction between 1995 and 2024.
  
-^  Total Emissions (kt)                                                                                                  ||||||||||||^  Trend: latest compared to                                                           || +Within both National totals and NFR 1.A, **Transport (NFR 1.A.3)** is responsible for the biggest part of PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions. Here, about 88% of 2024 PM<sub>2.5</sub> transport emissions are induced by **Road Transport (NFR 1.A.3.b)**. About one quarter (25%) of these emissions are directly caused by **fuel combustion (NFRs 1.A.3.b.i-iv)** whereas 75% stem from **tyre and brake wear (1.A.3.b.vi) and road abrasion (vii)**.
-^  1995                  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  1995                                            ^  last years                        ^ +
-|                    169 |    138 |    120 |    120 |    115 |    114 |    112 |    104 |    103 |     97 |     96 |     95 |     92 |  {{:general:trends:down_green.png|down}} -55.3%  |  {{:general:trends:down_green.png|down}}  |+
  
-[{{:general:trends:iir_pm25_trend.png?nolink&600|**PM₂.₅ trend by sector**}}]+__Table: PM<sub>2.5</sub> Emissions 1990-2024, in kilotonnes [kt]__ 
 +^                                                                                                                                                 Trend: latest year compared to... ||||||||||||||||| 
 +^  1995                              ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^  2023  ^  2024  |   ^  ...BY (1995)  ^  ...previous year  ^ 
 +|  196                               |  161   |  132   |  118   |  100   |  95    |  94    |  94    |  89    |  80    |  82    |  84    |  78    |  74    |   |  -62.0%        |  -4.4%             |
  
 +{{ :general:trends:iir_pm25_trend_from_1995.png?direct&700 | trend of PM<sub>2.5</sub> emisisons, by sector}}
 +{{ :general:trends:iir_pm25_trend_from_2005.png?direct&700 | trend of PM<sub>2.5</sub> emisisons, by sector, from 2005}}