meta data for this page
Book Creator
 Add this page to your book
Book Creator
 Remove this page from your book  

 Manage book(0 page(s))
 Help

1.A.5.b iii - Military Navigation

Short description

In sub-category 1.A.5.b iii - Other, Mobile (including Military) emissions from military navigation are reported.

Method AD EF Key Category Analysis
T1, T2 NS, M D, M, CS, T1, T3 see superordinate chapter

Methodology

Activity Data

Primary fuel data for national military waterborne activities is included in NEB lines 6 ('International Deep-Sea Bunkers') and 64 ('Coastal and Inland Navigation') for IMO-registered and not registered ships respectively. (AGEB,2025) 1)

The annual shares used within NFR 1.A.5.b iii are therefore calculated within (Deichnik, K. (2025)) 2), where ship movement data (AIS signal) allows for a bottom-up approach providing the needed differentiation.

Table 1: Annual fuel consumption, in terajoules

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Diesel Oil 380 263 228 171 150 154 141 156 99.5 NO
Light Fuel Oil NO 33.2 164 390 118 131 135 97.6
Heavy Fuel Oil 152 104 90.4 67.4 59.0 NO
Ʃ 1.A.5.b iii 532 366 318 239 209 154 141 156 133 164 390 118 131 135 97.6

source: Deichnik, K. (2025): BSH model 2025

Annual liquid fuels consumption

PLEASE NOTE: For the time being, there is no explanation for the jump in fuel consumption reported for 2020. However, as this data is calculated based on actual ship movement data, there should be no statistical or methodological error. On the other hand, if there is indeed an error, it should automatically be corrected with the current and fundamental revision of the model.

Emission factors

The emission factors applied here, are derived from different sources and therefore are of very different quality.

For the main pollutants, country-specific implied values are used, that are based on tier3 EF included in (Deichnik (2024)) which mainly relate on values from the EMEP/EEA guidebook 2023 3). These modelled IEFs take into account the ship specific information derived from AIS data as well as the mix of fuel-qualities applied depending on the type of ship and the current state of activity.

Table 2: Annual country-specific implied emission factors, in kg/TJ

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
DIESEL OIL & LIGHT FUEL OIL1
NH3 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.17 0.33 0.22 0.27 0.23
NMVOC 80.1 80.1 80.1 80.1 80.1 86.6 84.0 79.6 69.1 79.3 38.9 30.7 35.8 45.7 42.3
NOx 1,176 1,176 1,176 1,176 1,176 1,214 1,228 1,236 1,085 1,206 682 570 680 820 855
SOx 466 419 233 186 69.8 37.2 37.2 37.2 37.2 37.2 37.2 37.2 37.2 37.2 37.2
BC 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.8 14.2 13.8 15.0 14.3 6.79 12.2 8.30 10.3 9.28
PM2.5 46.8 46.8 46.8 46.8 46.8 47.8 45.8 44.7 48.5 46.1 21.9 39.4 26.8 33.2 29.9
PM10 50.1 50.1 50.1 50.1 50.1 51.2 49.1 47.8 51.9 49.3 23.4 42.2 28.6 35.6 32.0
TSP 50.1 50.1 50.1 50.1 50.1 51.2 49.1 47.8 51.9 49.3 23.4 42.2 28.6 35.6 32.0
CO 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 15.1 15.5 15.8 22.3 20.4 23.3 25.3 32.7 32.2 41.5
HEAVY FUEL OIL
NH3 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 NA
NMVOC 80.5 80.5 80.5 80.5 80.5 NA
NOx 1,468 1,468 1,468 1,468 1,468 NA
SOx 1,319 1,332 1,323 1,336 496 NA
BC 14.6 14.8 14.7 14.8 14.9 NA
PM2.5 122 123 122 124 124 NA
PM10 131 132 131 132 132 NA
TSP 131 132 131 132 132 NA
CO 60.9 60.9 60.9 60.9 60.9 NA
1 similar EFs applied for diesel oil and light fuel oil (as of 2018)
2 ratio PM2.5 : PM10 : TSP derived from the tier1 default EF as provided in 4)
3 estimated from a BC-fraction derived from 5), chapter: 1.A.3.d.i, 1.A.3.d.ii, 1.A.4.c.iii Navigation, Table 3-1 (0.017 for heavy fuel oil) and 3-2 (0.045 for diesel oil)

With respect to the emission factors applied for particulate matter, given the circumstances during test-bench measurements, condensables are most likely included at least partly. 1)

For information on the emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources.

As only NFR 1.A.5.b as a whole is taken into account within the key category analysis, this country-specific sub-sector is not considered separately.

Recalculations

For information on revised inventory data, please see the superordinate chapter.

Uncertainties

For uncertainty information, please see the superordinate chapter.

Planned improvements

A routine revision of the underlying model is planned for the next annual submission.

1) AGEB (2025): Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/wp-content/uploads/EBD24p2-1.xlsx, (Aufruf: 04.12.2025), Köln & Berlin, September 2025
2) Deichnik (2025): Aktualisierung und Revision des Modells zur Berechnung der spezifischen Verbräuche und Emissionen des von Deutschland ausgehenden Seeverkehrs; Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH - Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie Hamburg); on behalf of the Umweltbundesamt, Hamburg / Dessau-Roßlau, 2025.
3), 4), 5) EMEP/EEA (2023): EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, Copenhagen, 2023.
1)
During test-bench measurements, temperatures are likely to be significantly higher than under real-world conditions, thus reducing condensation. On the contrary, smaller dillution (higher number of primary particles acting as condensation germs) together with higher pressures increase the likeliness of condensation. So over-all condensables are very likely to occur but different to real-world conditions.