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appendices:appendix2.2-road-transport [2023/03/13 14:36] – [Derivation of emission factors] kotzullaappendices:appendix2.2-road-transport [2023/03/14 11:48] (current) – [Mileage] kotzulla
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 ==== Cross-check with Energy Balance==== ==== Cross-check with Energy Balance====
  
-The Energy Balance is also used to model transport-quantity structures in TREMOD. For example, the German Economic Institute (DIW) carries out a fuel-consumption calculation in order to derive total mileage travelled (DIW, 2002). Some of the results of the calculation, for automobile transports, are entered into TREMOD. The DIW uses a fuel-consumption calculation in order to determine total domestic mileage; TREMOD uses some other sources and assumptions to estimate total domestic mileage – especially for goods transports (cf. the detailed description in (Knörr, W., Höpfner, U., & Lambrecht, U. (2002)) [((bibcite 1))]). This estimate also takes the basic figures of the Energy Balance into account. +The Energy Balance is also used to model transport-quantity structures in TREMOD. For example, the German Economic Institute (DIW) carries out a fuel-consumption calculation in order to derive total mileage travelled (DIW, 2002). Some of the results of the calculation, for automobile transports, are entered into TREMOD. The DIW uses a fuel-consumption calculation in order to determine total domestic mileage; TREMOD uses some other sources and assumptions to estimate total domestic mileage – especially for goods transports (cf. the detailed description in (Knörr, W., Höpfner, U., & Lambrecht, U. (2002)) [(KNOERR2002)]. This estimate also takes the basic figures of the Energy Balance into account. 
  
 On the other hand, due to the many dependencies and uncertainties in the model, and to the basic data that must be taken into account, no feasible means is available for comparing mileage and energy consumption, for each year and each vehicle layer, in such a manner that the results yield the Energy Balance sum and the mileage and average energy consumption figures in the time series are plausible. For this reason, the TREMOD results for the fuel consumption are corrected, at the end of the process, in such a manner that the total for each reference year corresponds to the relevant figure in the Energy Balance. On the other hand, due to the many dependencies and uncertainties in the model, and to the basic data that must be taken into account, no feasible means is available for comparing mileage and energy consumption, for each year and each vehicle layer, in such a manner that the results yield the Energy Balance sum and the mileage and average energy consumption figures in the time series are plausible. For this reason, the TREMOD results for the fuel consumption are corrected, at the end of the process, in such a manner that the total for each reference year corresponds to the relevant figure in the Energy Balance.
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 ^  2021  |  0.921           |  0.921        |  0.848     | ^  2021  |  0.921           |  0.921        |  0.848     |
  
-Source: TREMOD (Knörr, W. et al. (2020a)) [(KNOERR2020a)]+Source: TREMOD (Knörr, W. et al. (2022a)) [(KNOERR2022a)]
  
 === Allocation of biofuels, petroleum and LPG to the structural elements === === Allocation of biofuels, petroleum and LPG to the structural elements ===
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 Mileage data were updated on the basis of the "2002 mileage survey" ("Fahrleistungserhebung 2002"; Institute of Applied Transport and Tourism Research (IVT, 2004 [(IVT2004)]), the "2005 road-transport census" "Straßenverkehrszählungen 2005"; Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt), 2007 [(BAST2007)]) and data on growth of transports on federal highways (BASt, 2008). Mileage data were updated on the basis of the "2002 mileage survey" ("Fahrleistungserhebung 2002"; Institute of Applied Transport and Tourism Research (IVT, 2004 [(IVT2004)]), the "2005 road-transport census" "Straßenverkehrszählungen 2005"; Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt), 2007 [(BAST2007)]) and data on growth of transports on federal highways (BASt, 2008).
  
-The follwing chart illustrates the more or less exponential increase in annual mileage of electric road vehicles. +
-{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:1a3b_mileage_electric.png?700 | Annual mileage of electric road vehicles }}+
 ==== Shifting of fuel purchases to other countries ==== ==== Shifting of fuel purchases to other countries ====
  
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 Exception: Exception:
-* The SO,,2,, emission factor for petroleum is set to 24 kg/TJ for those years in which diesel fuel has a higher value. In all other years, the lower value for diesel fuel is used. +* The SO<sub>2</sub> emission factor for petroleum is set to 24 kg/TJ for those years in which diesel fuel has a higher value. In all other years, the lower value for diesel fuel is used. 
  
 [(KNOERR2002> Knörr et al. (2002): Knörr, W., Höpfner, U., & Lambrecht, U. (2002): Aktualisierung des "Daten- und Rechenmodells": Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1980-2020 : Endbericht / Wolfram Knörr (Projektleiter): Heidelberg [u.a.] 2002. )] [(KNOERR2002> Knörr et al. (2002): Knörr, W., Höpfner, U., & Lambrecht, U. (2002): Aktualisierung des "Daten- und Rechenmodells": Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1980-2020 : Endbericht / Wolfram Knörr (Projektleiter): Heidelberg [u.a.] 2002. )]