2.H.2 - Food & Beverages Industry

Category Code Method AD EF
2.H.2 T1 NS CS
NOx NMVOC SO2 NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP BC CO Pb Cd Hg Diox PAH HCB
Key Category: - -/- - - -/- -/- -/- - - - - - - - -

Click to view Legend

Click to hide Legend

T = key source by Trend L = key source by Level

Methods
D Default
T1 Tier 1 / Simple Methodology *
T2 Tier 2*
T3 Tier 3 / Detailed Methodology *
C CORINAIR
CS Country Specific
M Model
* as described in the EMEP/EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook - 2019, in the group specific chapters.
AD - Data Source for Activity Data
NS National Statistics
RS Regional Statistics
IS International Statistics
PS Plant Specific data
As Associations, business organisations
Q specific Questionnaires (or surveys)
M Model / Modelled
C Confidential
EF - Emission Factors
D Default (EMEP Guidebook)
C Confidential
CS Country Specific
PS Plant Specific data
M Model / Modelled


Emissions occurring in this sector in Germany derive from the following production processes which are analogous to the IPCC category (Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Reference Manual (Volume 3)):

Alcoholic beverages

  • Wine
  • Beer
  • Spirits

Bread and other foods

  • Meat, fish and poultry
  • Sugar
  • Margarine as well as hard and hardened fats
  • Cake, cookies and breakfast cereals
  • Bread
  • Animal feedstuffs
  • Coffee roasting

Following pollutants are reported:

  • volatile organic compounds (NMVOC),
  • particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10 and TSP).

Pursuant to the 1993 Classification of Economic Activities (WZ 93), the food and beverage industry is divided into nine groups and a total of 33 classes. Governmental statistical evaluations are oriented to this classification. The German food industry includes an especially large number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs); nearly 80 percent of its companies have fewer than 100 employees, and only 3 per cent have more than 500 employees (BpB, 2002, p.51).

Energy related emissions from the sugar industry are reported under category 1.A.2.e.

Methodology

The Inventory Database (CSE) lists activity rates (produced amounts) and emission factors for the relevant sectors. The activity rates for the various products / product groups, with the exception of that for feedstuffs, were obtained from the Federal Statistical Office 1)/ 2)/ 3)

Activity data

The activity data for feedstuffs were obtained from the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection 4).

The produced amounts serve as activity data for the following products: Animal fat [t], Animal food [t], Beer [hl], Bread production (craft) [t], Bread production (industrial) [t], Cake & cookies [t], Coffee [t], Dried fodder [t], Meat [t], Other wine and sparkling [hl], Red Wine [hl], Smoked Products [t], Spirituous beverages [hl] Sugar [t], White wine [hl].

For the purpose of international comparability, the inventory team aggregates all products to the common unit of kilotons. These totals can be find in CRF tables and NFR tables as activity data, but this approximately converted figure is not statistically published. The procedure for the uniform reporting of the activity rate shows a high degree of uncertainty due to the very different products of official statistics.

Emission factors

For emissions calculations, country-specific emission factors were used where available. EF were evaluated and updated by a national research study 5). Otherwise, the emission factors recommended by IPCC and CORINAIR were used.

All NMVOC emission factors except for beer were perpetuated during the complete time series. The emission factor for beer changed in 2000.

Table 1: Overview of NMVOC emission factors applied

Unit EF Source
Animal Fat kg/t 1 Expert judgement
Animal Feed kg/t 0,1 Expert judgement
Beer kg/hl 0,002 Expert judgement
Bread (artisanry) kg/t 3 Guidebook 2019 (Bouscaren, 1992)
Bread (industry) kg/t 0,3 Expert judgement
Cakes & Cookies kg/t 0,1 Expert judgement
Coffee kg/t 0,06885 Expert judgement
Meat kg/t 0,03 Guidebook 2019 (Bouscaren, 1992)
Other Wine/ sparkling Wine kg/hl 0,058 Expert judgement
Red Wine kg/hl 0,08 IPCC GB 1996
Smoked Meat & Fish kg/t 0,0023 Expert judgement
Spirits kg/hl 2,93 Expert judgement
Sugar kg/t 0,898368 Expert judgement
White Wine kg/hl 0,035 IPCC GB 1996

In the following table the EF of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 are presented.

Table 2: Particulate matter emission factors applied, in [kg/t]

Value Source
Sugar (TSP) 0,19 Expert judgement
Sugar (PM10) 0,10526 Expert judgement
Sugar (PM2.5) 0,0589 Expert judgement
Coffee (TSP) 0,00905 Expert judgement
Coffee (PM10) 0,00318 Expert judgement
Coffee (PM2.5) 0,0009055 Expert judgement
Dried fodder (TSP) 0,85 Expert judgement

Emissions of the food and drink industry are reported, in summary form, in the inventory in of the sectoral report for industrial processes. Emissions in detail for the resp. products are presented following tables:

Table 3: Trends of NMVOC emissions, in metric tonnes [t]

Product 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 trend-indicator
Animal fat 344.96 351.93 348.92 388.32 428.77 374.11 345.61 320.39 295.23 287.21 293.48
Animal food 2104.45 2141.73 2293.94 2338.86 2433.07 2511.94 2570.23 2607.38 2616.44 2651.66 2629.27
Beer 178.89 177.01 173.01 174.46 174.43 173.55 169.61 173.14 169.21 158.94 158.38
Bread production (total) 3865.46 4174.49 4037.89 4074.56 4154.79 4172.44 4180.89 4175.16 4214.30 4690.60 4132.74
Cake & cookies… 158.72 152.28 153.92 164.96 165.69 164.89 167.79 167.79 171.19 184.07 186.69
Coffee 37.20 37.53 38.22 36.60 35.32 37.35 37.96 37.96 39.39 39.35 38.65
Meat, fish 51.81 50.80 50.05 50.86 52.20 53.87 54.51 55.74 55.55 54.55 50.23
Spirituous beverages 3497.82 3535.31 3554.21 3456.59 3536.34 3545.82 3503.41 3595.14 3571.66 3538.05 3652.12
Sugar 3974.19 4004.04 3326.58 3599.98 3049.85 3267.01 3814.53 4071.99 3676.98 3507.03 3825.78
Wine (total) 534.34 522.81 484.25 514.38 521.64 490.74 416.16 537.85 450.35 453.25 448.55
TOTAL 14,747.84 15,147.94 14,460.99 14,799.57 14,552.10 14,791.71 15,260.69 15,742.54 15,260.28 15,564.69 15,415.88

Table 4: Trends of particulate matter emissions, in metric tonnes [t]

Product 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
PM2.5 Coffee 0.49 0.49 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.49 0.50 0.50 0.51 0.51 0.50
Sugar 260.09 262.04 217.71 235.60 199.60 213.81 249.64 266.49 240.64 229.52 250.38
SUM 260.57 262.53 218.21 236.08 200.06 214.30 250.14 266.98 241.15 230.03 250.88
PM10 Coffee 1.73 1.74 1.78 1.70 1.64 1.73 1.76 1.76 1.83 1.83 1.80
Sugar 464.80 468.30 389.06 421.04 356.70 382.09 446.13 476.24 430.04 410.17 447.45
SUM 466.53 470.04 390.84 422.74 358.34 383.83 447.89 478.00 431.87 411.99 449.24
TSP Coffee 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.20 5.11
Dried fodder 205.7 210.0 191.3 168.3 146.2 146.2 198.9 207.4 180.2 180.20 187.00
Sugar 839.0 845.3 702.3 760.0 643.9 689.7 805.3 859.6 776.3 740.37 807.66
SUM 1049.61 1060.21 898.58 933.13 794.72 840.83 1009.20 1072.06 961.65 925.77 999.77

Recalculations

With activity data and emission factors remaining unrevised, no recalculations were carried out compared to Submission 2022.

Planned improvements

For purposes of updating the EF, a project has started in 2020, but results are delayed to use for the 2023 submission 6), but are expected for the next annual submission.


1) Statistisches Bundesamt (FS 4, R 3.1): Fachserie 4, Reihe 3.1: Produzierendes Gewerbe, Produktion im Produzierenden Gewerbe (“manufacturing industry; production in the manufacturing industry”; URL: https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Branchen-Unternehmen/Industrie-Verarbeitendes-Gewerbe/_inhalt.html
2) Statistisches Bundesamt (FS 3, R 3.2.1): Fachserie 3, Reihe 3.2.1: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Fischerei, Wachstum und Ernte – Feldfrüchte (div. Jgg.). URL: https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Branchen-Unternehmen/Landwirtschaft-Forstwirtschaft-Fischerei/Flaechennutzung/_inhalt.html
3) Statistisches Bundesamt (FS 3, R 3.2.2): Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Fischerei, Wirtschaftsdünger tierischer Herkunft inlandwirtschaftlichen Betrieben - Erhebung zur Wirtschaftsdüngerausbringung (div. Jgg.)
4) BMELV, 2020: Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV): Statistisches Jahrbuch über Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten 2019; URL:https://www.ble-medienservice.de/0227/statistisches-jahrbuch-fuer-ernaehrung-landwirtschaft-und-forsten-2020
5) J. Theloke, S. Wagner, D. Jepsen, U. Hackmack, 2008: “Emissionen aus der Nahrungsmittelindustrie”, FKZ 206 42 101/01
6) ReFoPlan FKZ – 3720533040: „Aktualisierung der Datengrundlagen zu Emissionen aus der Nahrungsmittelindustrie“