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2.C.5 - Lead Production
Short description
Within this NFR subcategory, SO2, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn, PCB and PCDD/F emissions from the production of lead are reported.
| Category Code | Method | AD | EF | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.C.5 | T1 | AS | D, CS | ||||||||||||
| NOx | NMVOC | SO2 | NH3 | PM2.5 | PM10 | TSP | BC | CO | Pb | Cd | Hg | Diox | PAH | HCB | |
| Key Category: | - | - | -/- | - | -/- | -/- | -/- | - | - | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | - | - |
Method
Activity data
The yearly production figures were taken from the annual statistical report of the German association for non-ferrous metals [Lit. 1].
Emission factors
The emission factors are either default values according to the 2019 EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook [Lit. 2] or determined in several research projects. For heavy metals (HM), the applied emission factors are derived from a research project [Lit. 3]. All emission factors have a decreasing trend except SOx that is supposed to be constant.
Table 1: Tier 2 emission factors applied for primary lead production
| EF | Unit | |
|---|---|---|
| SO2 | 2.050 | kg/t |
| PM2.5 | 0.0175 | kg/t |
| PM10 | 0.02125 | kg/t |
| TSP | 0.025 | kg/t |
| As | 49.213 | mg/t |
| Cd | 62.448 | mg/t |
| Cu | 162.663 | mg/t |
| Hg | 0.3 | g/t |
| Pb | 6.027521 | g/t |
| Zn | 664 | mg/t |
| PCB | 2.1 | mg/t |
| PCDD/F | 0.34 | µg/t |
Table 2: Tier 2 emission factors applied for secondary lead production
| EF | Unit | |
|---|---|---|
| SO2 | 2.050 | kg/t |
| PM2.5 | 0.0175 | kg/t |
| PM10 | 0.02125 | kg/t |
| TSP | 0.025 | kg/t |
| As | 0.041179 | g/t |
| Cd | 0.019767 | g/t |
| Hg | 0.324515 | g/t |
| Pb | 4.506295 | g/t |
| Zn | 0.05 | g/t |
| PCB | 2.1 | mg/t |
| PCDD/F | 0.34 | µg/t |
Recalculations
With activity data and emission factors remaining unrevised, no recalculations were carried out compared to Submission 2022.
Planned improvements
The emission factor for PCB is still orientated to old emission guidebook values and seems to be to high due to legal terms. The factor will be updated in the next submission 2024.
Bibliography
Lit. 1: German association for non-ferrous metals (WirtschaftsVereinigung Metalle): Annual statistical report: https://www.wvmetalle.de
Lit. 2: EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, Copenhagen, 2019. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes/2-c-metal-production/2-c-5-lead-production/view
Lit. 3: Ökopol, IER, IZT, IfG: Bereitstellung einer qualitätsgesicherten Datengrundlage für die Emissionsberichterstattung zur Umsetzung von internationalen Luftreinhalte- und Klimaschutzvereinbarungen für ausgewählte Industriebranchen Teilvorhaben 2: NE-Metallindustrie, Kalkindustrie, Gießereien.