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general:gridded_data:start [2021/04/22 10:30] – [Lead-Emissions] doering | general:gridded_data:start [2021/04/26 14:42] – [Gridded Data] format fix, small gniffke | ||
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======Gridded Data====== | ======Gridded Data====== | ||
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Information on the spatial distribution of emissions is important to answer a number of questions in the field of air quality monitoring. Emission data is used to model the dispersion of air pollutants or to visualize the structure of the spatial distribution of emissions. These models show if abatement strategies were successful. For this reason, an ESRI ArcGIS based software has been developed which allows the UBA, independently and on the basis of information generally available, to regularly generate regionalized emission datasets for the complete area of the Federal Republic of Germany. | Information on the spatial distribution of emissions is important to answer a number of questions in the field of air quality monitoring. Emission data is used to model the dispersion of air pollutants or to visualize the structure of the spatial distribution of emissions. These models show if abatement strategies were successful. For this reason, an ESRI ArcGIS based software has been developed which allows the UBA, independently and on the basis of information generally available, to regularly generate regionalized emission datasets for the complete area of the Federal Republic of Germany. | ||
- | + | The following pollutants are currently considered: NOₓ, NH₃, SO₂, CO, NMVOC, particles (PM₂.₅, PM₁₀,TSP, BC) and Heavy Metals (HM), POP (PAH, HCB, PCB, PCDD/PCDF - dioxins/ furans). | |
- | The following pollutants are currently considered: NO< | + | |
- | + | ||
=====Methodology ===== | =====Methodology ===== | ||
* The Gridding Emission Tool for ArcGIS (GRETA) contains a complete set of the required data per base year. This includes emissions, distribution parameters, geometric datasets as well as the necessary definitions and allocation tables. | * The Gridding Emission Tool for ArcGIS (GRETA) contains a complete set of the required data per base year. This includes emissions, distribution parameters, geometric datasets as well as the necessary definitions and allocation tables. | ||
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The software and methodology is documented in detail and complies with high standards as to its flexibility and extensibility (see detailed description [[https:// | The software and methodology is documented in detail and complies with high standards as to its flexibility and extensibility (see detailed description [[https:// | ||
- | + | <figure MethodOverview> | |
- | Picture 1: Overview of the method for spatial distribution of national emissions | + | < |
- | {{ : | + | {{ : |
- | + | </ | |
Significant factors for spatial distribution of national emissions are the so-called distribution parameters. These are characterized in the context of the Gridding Tool as follows: | Significant factors for spatial distribution of national emissions are the so-called distribution parameters. These are characterized in the context of the Gridding Tool as follows: | ||
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The PRTR database of UBA (PRTR = Pollutant Release and Transfer Register; [[https:// | The PRTR database of UBA (PRTR = Pollutant Release and Transfer Register; [[https:// | ||
- | ▸administrative boundaries (district boundaries, municipal boundaries) | ||
- | ▸road network | ||
- | ▸streaming water network | ||
- | ▸rail network | ||
- | ▸location of airports | ||
- | ▸land-cover differentiated by classes. | ||
+ | * administrative boundaries (district boundaries, municipal boundaries) | ||
+ | * road network | ||
+ | * streaming water network | ||
+ | * rail network | ||
+ | * location of airports | ||
+ | * land-cover differentiated by classes. | ||
+ | |||
As another relevant data source for spatial allocation of emissions that are not assigned by point or line sources, the Corine Land Cover (CLC) data set was stipulated. These data are differentiated in 43 land cover classes. For the usage within the scope of the Gridding Tool these have been merged to 6 CLC groups. Apart from these essential geometric base data sets, further information and data were used for deriving the final distribution parameters. These are, for example, data at district level as to the number ofinhabitants or number of employees per business division. The aim was to use per NFR sector thosedata on the spatial distribution that reflect well the spatial structure of the emission distribution. This also includes typical (effective) vertical heights of sources per NFR sector. | As another relevant data source for spatial allocation of emissions that are not assigned by point or line sources, the Corine Land Cover (CLC) data set was stipulated. These data are differentiated in 43 land cover classes. For the usage within the scope of the Gridding Tool these have been merged to 6 CLC groups. Apart from these essential geometric base data sets, further information and data were used for deriving the final distribution parameters. These are, for example, data at district level as to the number ofinhabitants or number of employees per business division. The aim was to use per NFR sector thosedata on the spatial distribution that reflect well the spatial structure of the emission distribution. This also includes typical (effective) vertical heights of sources per NFR sector. | ||
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- | For the Gridding Tool a methodology has been developed considering PRTR emissions in thespatial distribution of national emissions. Here, the PRTR emissions are first subtracted at a national level from the national emissions. The share of emissions, | + | For the Gridding Tool a methodology has been developed considering PRTR emissions in thespatial distribution of national emissions. Here, the PRTR emissions are first subtracted at a national level from the national emissions. The share of emissions, |
* main group A (energy sector PRTR 1) | * main group A (energy sector PRTR 1) | ||
* main group B (industrial sectors, | * main group B (industrial sectors, | ||
* main group C (intensive livestock production and aquaculture, | * main group C (intensive livestock production and aquaculture, | ||
- | The NFR sectors for which part of the emissions are spatially allocated by means of the PRTR point sources belong to the source groups of energy supply, industry, agriculture and sewage / waste dis-posal. For the hereby affected NFR sectors, the national (residual) emissions are distributed in a first step by suitable distribution parameters on district level. The distribution parameters are predomi-nantly based on statistical data on numbers of employees in the various sectors and departments of industry. Within the districts, the emissions are distributed via land cover class CLC121 (Industrial and Commercial Units) to the level of area sources.Source Group Other Non-industrial Combustion PlantsThe emissions from non-industrial combustion plants (private households, other small consumers, military, agriculture, | + | The NFR sectors for which part of the emissions are spatially allocated by means of the PRTR point sources belong to the source groups of energy supply, industry, agriculture and sewage / waste dis-posal. For the hereby affected NFR sectors, the national (residual) emissions are distributed in a first step by suitable distribution parameters on district level. The distribution parameters are predomi-nantly based on statistical data on numbers of employees in the various sectors and departments of industry. Within the districts, the emissions are distributed via land cover class CLC121 (Industrial and Commercial Units) to the level of area sources.Source Group Other Non-industrial Combustion PlantsThe emissions from non-industrial combustion plants (private households, other small consumers, military, agriculture, |
====Other Non-industrial Combustion Plants ==== | ====Other Non-industrial Combustion Plants ==== | ||
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{{ : | {{ : | ||
- | The main emitters of NMVOC emissions | + | The main emitters of NMVOC are the industrial process sector and agriculture. The latter is mainly assigned to area and not to point sources. |
{{ : | {{ : | ||
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==== Particle and Fine Particle Emissions ==== | ==== Particle and Fine Particle Emissions ==== | ||
- | Corresponding to the SO< | + | Corresponding to the SO< |
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{{ : | {{ : | ||
- | ====Mercury | + | ====Mercury |
Mercury (Hg) belongs to the group of heavy metals that occur both naturally (e.g. volcanic eruptions) and through industrial processes (e.g. mining, burning coal or heating oil) in the environment. A distinction is made between elemental (metallic) mercury (Hg0), inorganic mercury (iHg) and organic mercury compounds such as methylmercury (MeHg). It is mostly emitted bound to fine particles. It is mainly released during energy production from fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas, and during metal-producing processes such as iron and steel production.The spatial distribution is made for energy supply via PRTR point sources (the rest: number of other power plants (<25 MW electric) for public supply per district). | Mercury (Hg) belongs to the group of heavy metals that occur both naturally (e.g. volcanic eruptions) and through industrial processes (e.g. mining, burning coal or heating oil) in the environment. A distinction is made between elemental (metallic) mercury (Hg0), inorganic mercury (iHg) and organic mercury compounds such as methylmercury (MeHg). It is mostly emitted bound to fine particles. It is mainly released during energy production from fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas, and during metal-producing processes such as iron and steel production.The spatial distribution is made for energy supply via PRTR point sources (the rest: number of other power plants (<25 MW electric) for public supply per district). | ||
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{{ : | {{ : | ||
- | ==== HCB ==== | + | ==== Hexachlorobenzene Emissions |
- | Hexachlorobenzene is a chemical substance that can also be formed as a by-product in the manufacture of chlorine compounds. It can also be released through incomplete combustion processes and leaching from landfills. The maps show the magnitude of HCB emissions in kilograms. | + | Hexachlorobenzene |
- | In the maps, the two main emission sources production of secondary aluminum and application of pesticides in agriculture as well as the emission trend are clearly visible. | + | In the maps, the two main emission sources |
Degassing operations in refining plants of secondary aluminum production can produce HCB. The use of hexachloroethane has been prohibited by law in Germany since 2002, which eliminates the source of HCB. | Degassing operations in refining plants of secondary aluminum production can produce HCB. The use of hexachloroethane has been prohibited by law in Germany since 2002, which eliminates the source of HCB. | ||
The emission distribution is partly covered by reports from the PRTR, the remaining emissions are calculated using number of employees per district in metal production and processing. More information is described under [[sector: | The emission distribution is partly covered by reports from the PRTR, the remaining emissions are calculated using number of employees per district in metal production and processing. More information is described under [[sector: |