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general:trends:emission_trends_heavy_metals [2023/03/15 13:06] – [Obligations] kotzullageneral:trends:emission_trends_heavy_metals [2023/03/15 14:33] (current) – [Trends] kotzulla
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 ====== Explanation of Key Trends - Heavy Metals ====== ====== Explanation of Key Trends - Heavy Metals ======
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 <WRAP center round important 60%> <WRAP center round important 60%>
 Please note: Data for heavy metals may have issues such as missing sources. It features considerably higher uncertainties then data for other pollutants covered in this report. Please note: Data for heavy metals may have issues such as missing sources. It features considerably higher uncertainties then data for other pollutants covered in this report.
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 ===== Main drivers ===== ===== Main drivers =====
-Emission of priority heavy metals (cadmium, lead and mercury) decreased significantly since 1990. Values show reductions by about 58 to 89% compared to the base year. Most of the achievements originate from the early 1990's though. 2019 and 2020 emissions saw a substantial reduction trend for most heavy metals. 
  
-The main sources for most heavy metals is fuel combustion: Energy Industries (NFR 1.A.1) and Industrial Processes (NFR 2) like Metal Industries (NFR 2.C) emit the majority of arsenic, cadmium, chrome, lead, mercury and Nickel. But copper and zinc emissions are mostly governed by the Transport (NFR 1.A.3) sector, resulting mostly from brake and tyre wear. Thus, trends are connected directly with the annual mileage. Selenium on the other hand originates mainly from Mineral Industry (NFR 2.A) and to a lesser degree from Transport (NFR 1.A.3). Other sources are still to be investigated but generally expected to add little to the total trend.+Emission of priority heavy metals (cadmium, lead and mercury) **decreased significantly since 1990**. Values show reductions by about 58 to 89% compared to the base year, with most of the achievements originating from the early 1990's though. 
 + 
 +__Overview of percental decreases in HM emissions since 1990:__ 
 +  * Arsenic: -94% 
 +  * Cadmium: -63% 
 +  * Copper: -15% 
 +  * Chrome: -59% 
 +  * Mercury: -81% 
 +  * Nickel: -61% 
 +  * Lead: -92% 
 +  * Selenium: -52% 
 +  * Zinc: -41% 
 + 
 + 
 +2019 and 2020 emissions saw a substantial reduction trend for most heavy metals. 
 + 
 +The main source for most heavy metals is fuel combustion and production processes:  
 +**Energy Industries (NFR 1.A.1)** and **Industrial Processes (NFR 2)**, especially, of course, the Metal Industries (NFR 2.C) emit the majority of **arsenic, cadmium, chrome, lead, mercury and nickel**. 
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 +In contrast, **copper and zinc** emissions are mostly governed by the **Transport (NFR 1.A.3)** sector, resulting mostly from brake and tyre wear. Thus, trends are connected directly with the annual mileage.  
 + 
 +**Selenium** on the other hand originates mainly from **Mineral Industry (NFR 2.A)** and to a lesser degree from Transport (NFR 1.A.3).  
 + 
 +Other sources are still to be investigated but generally expected to add little to the total trend.
  
 ===== Trends ===== ===== Trends =====
 +
 The figure below shows emission trends for heavy metals: The figure below shows emission trends for heavy metals:
-[{{:general:trends:iir_hm_all.png?direct&600|Heavy metal emission trends }}]+ 
 +{{ :general:trends:iir_hm_all.png?direct&800 | trends of heavy metal emissions}}