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| general:trends:emission_trends_heavy_metals [2023/03/15 13:18] – [Trends] kotzulla | general:trends:emission_trends_heavy_metals [2023/03/15 14:33] (current) – [Trends] kotzulla | ||
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| ====== Explanation of Key Trends - Heavy Metals ====== | ====== Explanation of Key Trends - Heavy Metals ====== | ||
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| <WRAP center round important 60%> | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
| Please note: Data for heavy metals may have issues such as missing sources. It features considerably higher uncertainties then data for other pollutants covered in this report. | Please note: Data for heavy metals may have issues such as missing sources. It features considerably higher uncertainties then data for other pollutants covered in this report. | ||
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| ===== Main drivers ===== | ===== Main drivers ===== | ||
| - | Emission of priority heavy metals (cadmium, lead and mercury) **decreased significantly since 1990**. Values show reductions by about 58 to 89% compared to the base year, with most of the achievements originating from the early 1990's though. 2019 and 2020 emissions saw a substantial reduction trend for most heavy metals. | + | Emission of priority heavy metals (cadmium, lead and mercury) **decreased significantly since 1990**. Values show reductions by about 58 to 89% compared to the base year, with most of the achievements originating from the early 1990's though. |
| - | The main sources for most heavy metals is fuel combustion: | + | __Overview of percental decreases in HM emissions since 1990:__ |
| - | Energy Industries (NFR 1.A.1) and Industrial Processes (NFR 2) like Metal Industries (NFR 2.C) emit the majority of arsenic, cadmium, chrome, lead, mercury and nickel. | + | * Arsenic: |
| + | * Cadmium: | ||
| + | * Copper: | ||
| + | * Chrome: | ||
| + | * Mercury: | ||
| + | * Nickel: | ||
| + | * Lead: | ||
| + | * Selenium: | ||
| + | * Zinc: -41% | ||
| - | In contrast, copper and zinc emissions are mostly governed by the Transport (NFR 1.A.3) sector, resulting mostly from brake and tyre wear. Thus, trends are connected directly with the annual mileage. | ||
| - | Selenium on the other hand originates mainly from Mineral Industry (NFR 2.A) and to a lesser degree from Transport (NFR 1.A.3). Other sources are still to be investigated but generally expected to add little to the total trend. | + | 2019 and 2020 emissions saw a substantial reduction trend for most heavy metals. |
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| + | The main source for most heavy metals is fuel combustion and production processes: | ||
| + | **Energy Industries (NFR 1.A.1)** and **Industrial Processes (NFR 2)**, especially, of course, the Metal Industries (NFR 2.C) emit the majority of **arsenic, cadmium, chrome, lead, mercury and nickel**. | ||
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| + | In contrast, **copper and zinc** emissions are mostly governed by the **Transport (NFR 1.A.3)** sector, resulting mostly from brake and tyre wear. Thus, trends are connected directly with the annual mileage. | ||
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| + | **Selenium** on the other hand originates mainly from **Mineral Industry (NFR 2.A)** and to a lesser degree from Transport (NFR 1.A.3). | ||
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| + | Other sources are still to be investigated but generally expected to add little to the total trend. | ||
| ===== Trends ===== | ===== Trends ===== | ||
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| The figure below shows emission trends for heavy metals: | The figure below shows emission trends for heavy metals: | ||
| - | [{{ : | + | {{ : |