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sector:agriculture:agricultural_soils:3df_agriculture_other [2022/09/08 09:57] – [Trend discussion for Key Sources] doeringsector:agriculture:agricultural_soils:3df_agriculture_other [2023/03/15 10:33] (current) – [Recalculations] doering
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 For lindane, a maximum concentration of 100 mg/kg was specified for the years 1990 through 1994. For the years after 1994 a lower concentration (50 mg/kg) was assumed which is based on compiled information of Bailey (2001)((Bailey, R. E., (2001): Global hexachlorobenzene emissions. Chemosphere, 43(2), 167-182.)) (cf. Table III). For lindane, a maximum concentration of 100 mg/kg was specified for the years 1990 through 1994. For the years after 1994 a lower concentration (50 mg/kg) was assumed which is based on compiled information of Bailey (2001)((Bailey, R. E., (2001): Global hexachlorobenzene emissions. Chemosphere, 43(2), 167-182.)) (cf. Table III).
  
-=== Other active substances atrazine, simazine, propazine and quintozene ===+=== Other active substances atrazine, simazine, propazine and quintozine ===
  
-The BVL has no information on past or current concentrations of impurities in the active substances atrazine, simazine, propazine and quintozene that have been placed on the market. For this reason, the information on impurity levels compiled in the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2019 is used (cf. Table III).  +The BVL has no information on past or current concentrations of impurities in the active substances atrazine, simazine, propazine and quintozine that have been placed on the market. For this reason, the information on impurity levels compiled in the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2019 is used (cf. Table III).  
  
 // //
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 The following chart give an overview of the emission trend of HCB (see Picture 1). HCB emissions were fully recalculated from 1987 onwards including atrazine, simazine, propazine and quintozine. HCB emissions are reported in the NFR tables beginning in 1990.  The following chart give an overview of the emission trend of HCB (see Picture 1). HCB emissions were fully recalculated from 1987 onwards including atrazine, simazine, propazine and quintozine. HCB emissions are reported in the NFR tables beginning in 1990. 
  
-HCB emissions are mainly dominated by the share of chlorothalonil. According to the BVL (2021a) ((BVL (201921a) (Bundesamts für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit Braunschweig): persönliche Mitteilung der Wirkstoffdaten, 2021)), a possible explanation for the increase in HCB emissions from 2005 onwards would be the re-approval of "Bravo 500" in December 2004 against Septoria in wheat and then for the first time against phytophthora in potatoes.+HCB emissions are mainly dominated by the share of chlorothalonil. According to the BVL (2021a) ((BVL (2021a) (Bundesamts für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit Braunschweig): persönliche Mitteilung der Wirkstoffdaten, 2021)), a possible explanation for the increase in HCB emissions from 2005 onwards would be the re-approval of "Bravo 500" in December 2004 against Septoria in wheat and then for the first time against phytophthora in potatoes.
 It is possible that the first "sell-out" took place in 2014, as the end of approval for "Bravo 500" was originally 30.04.2016 with a sales deadline of 30.10.2016 and a phase-out period for users until 30.10.2017. It is possible that the first "sell-out" took place in 2014, as the end of approval for "Bravo 500" was originally 30.04.2016 with a sales deadline of 30.10.2016 and a phase-out period for users until 30.10.2017.
 The end of the EU active substance authorisation for chlorothalonil was later extended to 31.10.2018 and again to 31.10.2019, and with it the authorisations for the plant protection products in Germany. With the Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/677 23), the BVL revoked the last three approvals for plant protection products containing chlorothalonil on 31 October 2019((cf. BVL; 2019: BVL - Fachmeldungen - Widerruf der Zulassung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln mit dem Wirkstoff Chlorthalonil zum 31. Oktober 2019. (2019, 31. Oktober). Abgerufen am September 2021, von https://www.bvl.bund.de/SharedDocs/Fachmeldungen/04_pflanzenschutzmittel/2019/2019_06_19_Fa_Widerruf_Chlorthalonil.html)). A sell-off period until 30 April 2020 applied. Often, in the last years before the end of the approval, the remaining stocks are brought onto the market, which leads to higher sales than in previous years.No active ingredient of chlorothalonil was sold in 2021. This means that chlorothalonil is off the market for the time being. Picloram has an approval end date of Dec. 2023. Picloram is thus also subject to a disposal obligation under Section 15 of the PflSchG because the plant protection products contain an active substance that is no longer approved in the EU.  The end of the EU active substance authorisation for chlorothalonil was later extended to 31.10.2018 and again to 31.10.2019, and with it the authorisations for the plant protection products in Germany. With the Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/677 23), the BVL revoked the last three approvals for plant protection products containing chlorothalonil on 31 October 2019((cf. BVL; 2019: BVL - Fachmeldungen - Widerruf der Zulassung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln mit dem Wirkstoff Chlorthalonil zum 31. Oktober 2019. (2019, 31. Oktober). Abgerufen am September 2021, von https://www.bvl.bund.de/SharedDocs/Fachmeldungen/04_pflanzenschutzmittel/2019/2019_06_19_Fa_Widerruf_Chlorthalonil.html)). A sell-off period until 30 April 2020 applied. Often, in the last years before the end of the approval, the remaining stocks are brought onto the market, which leads to higher sales than in previous years.No active ingredient of chlorothalonil was sold in 2021. This means that chlorothalonil is off the market for the time being. Picloram has an approval end date of Dec. 2023. Picloram is thus also subject to a disposal obligation under Section 15 of the PflSchG because the plant protection products contain an active substance that is no longer approved in the EU. 
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 //Picture 1: Annual trend of HCB emissions in Germany in the sector agriculture, in kg// //Picture 1: Annual trend of HCB emissions in Germany in the sector agriculture, in kg//
- +{{ :sector:agriculture:agricultural_soils:hcb_emissions_1987_2021_version_c.png?nolink&600 |}}
-to be done +
  
  
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 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
  
-Recalculations were made for the complete time series due to the changes and new information given by the BVL for the amount of domestic sales of the active substances. The following Tables IV a) - c) show the differences between the data for submission 2021 and the current data and are given in tonnes per year and in percentage. +Recalculations were made for the complete time series due to the changes and new information given by the BVL for the amount of domestic sales of the active substances atrazine, simazine, propazine and quintozine. 
- +
-//Tables IV a) - c): Recalculation of the activity data: lindane, chlorothalonil and picloram.//+
  
-a) +No recalculation was made for lindane, chlorothalonil and picloram for the year 2020. HCB emissions from picloram were mistakenly omitted from 2006 until 2020 in the data model.
-^  Active Substance  ^  Unit  ^  1990  ^  1991  ^  1992  ^  1993  ^  1994  ^  1995  ^  1996  ^  1997  ^ +
-| Lindane_SUB 2022   |  t     |  120.4 |  127.4 |   73.7 |   47.0 |   37.0 |   26.2 |   36.9 |   29.0 | +
-| Lindane_SUB 2021   |  t     |  119.3 |  126.3 |   73.0 |   46.6 |   36.7 |   26.0 |   36.6 |   28.7 | +
-| Difference         |  t     |    1.0 |    1.1 |    0.7 |    0.4 |    0.3 |    0.2 |    0.3 |    0.2 | +
-| Difference         |  %     |    0.9 |    0.9 |    0.9 |    0.9 |    0.8 |    0.7 |    0.9 |    0.8 |+
  
-b) +Due to the changes in the input data and the assumptions on the maximum quantities of HCB, the emissions also change. The following Table IV shows the differences between the data for submission 2022 and the current data and are given in kg per year and in percentage. 
-^  Active Substance       ^  Unit  ^  2019  ^ +
-| Chlorothalonil_SUB 2022  |  t     |  911.8 | +
-| Chlorothalonil_SUB 2021  |  t     |  860.8 | +
-| Difference              |  t     |   50.9 | +
-| Difference              |  %     |    5.9 |+
  
-c) 
-^  Active Substance  ^  Unit  ^  2019  ^ 
-| Picloram_SUB 2022  |  t     |    7.5 | 
-| Picloram_SUB 2021  |  t     |    3.9 | 
-| Difference         |  t     |    3.5 | 
-| Difference         |  %     |   90.0 | 
  
-Due to the changes in the input data and the assumptions on the maximum quantities of HCB, the emissions also change. The following Table V shows the differences between the data for submission 2021 and the current data and are given in kg per year and in percentage.+//Table IV: Recalculation of HCB emisssion from 1990 until the latest reported year, in kg and %//
  
-//Table V: Recalculation of HCB emisssion from 1990 until the latest reported year, in kg.//+^ Emissions                       ^ Unit  ^ 1990   ^ 1991   ^ 1992   ^ 1993  ^ 1994  ^ 1995  ^ 1996  ^ 1997    ^ 1998    ^ 1999  ^ 
 +| HCB_SUB 2023                    | kg    |  109,3 |  138,1 |   55,9 |  29,7 |  26,7 |  18,0 |  26,6 |    24,3 |     5,0 |  45,0 | 
 +| HCB_SUB 2022                    | kg    |  107,2 |  138,1 |   55,7 |  29,7 |  26,7 |  18,0 |  26,6 |    24,2 |     5,0 |  45,0 | 
 +| Difference (Sub2023 - Sub2022)  | kg    |  2,065 |  0,025 |  0,144 |     0 |     0 |     0 |     0 |  0,0008 |  0,0002 |   0,0 | 
 +| Difference                      | %     |    1,9 |    0,0 |    0,3 |     0 |     0 |     0 |     0 |   0,003 |   0,004 |   0,0 |
  
  
-^  Emissions    ^  Unit  ^  1990  ^  1991  ^  1992  ^  1993  ^  1994  ^  1995  ^  1996  ^  1997  ^  1998  ^  1999  ^ +^ Emissions                       ^ Unit  ^ 2000  ^ 2001  ^ 2002  ^ 2003  ^ 2004  ^ 2005  ^ 2006  ^ 2007  ^ 2008  ^ 2009  ^ 
-| HCB_SUB 2022  |  kg    |  107.2 |  138.1 |   55.7 |   29.7 |   26.7 |     18 |   26.6 |   24.2 |    5.0 |   45.0 | +| HCB_SUB 2023                    | kg    |  18,6 |   0,8 |   1,0 |   9,6 |   1,6 |  34,3 |  36,3 |  30,0 |  28,9 |  21,1 | 
-| HCB_SUB 2021  |  kg    |  107.1 |    138 |   55.7 |   29.7 |   26.7 |     18 |   26.6 |   24.2 |    5.0 |   45.0 | +| HCB_SUB 2022                    | kg    |  18,6 |   0,8 |   1,0 |   9,6 |   1,6 |  34,3 |  36,2 |  29,6 |  28,8 |  21,0 | 
-| Difference    |  kg    |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.1 |   0.04 |   0.03 |   0.01 |   0.02 |   0.01 |    0.0 |    0.0 | +| Difference (Sub2023 - Sub2022)  | kg    |     0 |     0 |     0 |     0 |     0 |     0 |  0,11 |  0,34 |  0,09 |  0,08 | 
-| Difference    |  %     |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.0 |    0.0 |    0.0 |+| Difference                      | %     |     0 |     0 |     0 |     0 |     0 |     0 |   0,3 |   1,1 |   0,3 |   0,4 |
  
-^  Emissions    ^  Unit  ^  2000  ^  2001  ^  2002  ^  2003  ^  2004  ^  2005  ^  2006  ^  2007  ^  2008  ^  2009  ^ +^ Emissions                       ^ Unit  ^ 2010  ^ 2011  ^ 2012  ^ 2013  ^ 2014  ^ 2015  ^ 2016  ^ 2017  ^ 2018  ^ 2019  ^ 
-| HCB_SUB 2022  |  kg    |   18.6 |    0.8 |      1 |    9.6 |    1.6 |   34.3 |   36.2 |   29.6 |   28.8 |     21 | +| HCB_SUB 2023                    | kg    |  24,9 |  26,2 |  21,0 |  22,8 |  40,2 |  35,6 |  46,1 |  57,0 |   8,8 |   9,5 | 
-| HCB_SUB 2021  |  kg    |   18.6 |    0.8 |      1 |    9.6 |    1.6 |   11.4 |   12.1 |    9.9 |    9.6 |    5.3 | +| HCB_SUB 2022                    | kg    |  24,8 |  26,0 |  20,7 |  22,6 |  40,0 |  35,4 |  45,9 |  56,8 |   8,6 |   9,1 | 
-| Difference    |  kg    |      0 |      0 |      0 |      0 |      0 |   22.9 |   24.1 |   19.8 |   19.2 |   15.8 | +| Difference (Sub2023 - Sub2022)  | kg    |  0,10 |  0,19 |  0,30 |  0,19 |  0,21 |  0,17 |  0,22 |  0,21 |  0,20 |  0,37 | 
-| Difference    |  %     |      0 |      0 |      0 |      0 |      0 |    200 |    200 |    200 |    200 |    300 |+| Difference                      | %     |   0,4 |   0,7 |   1,5 |   0,8 |   0,5 |   0,5 |   0,5 |   0,4 |   2,3 |   4,1 |
  
-^  Emissions    ^  Unit  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^ +^ Emissions                       ^ Unit  ^ 2020  ^ 
-| HCB_SUB 2022  |  kg    |   24.8 |     26 |   20.7 |   22.6 |     40 |   35.4 |   45.9 |   56.8 |    8.6 |    9.1 | +| HCB_SUB 2023                    | kg    |   1,5 | 
-| HCB_SUB 2021  |  kg    |    6.3 |    6.7 |    5.5 |    5.8 |   10.2 |    9.0 |   11.7 |   14.4 |    8.8 |    8.8 | +| HCB_SUB 2022                    | kg    |   1,1 | 
-| Difference    |  kg    |   18.5 |   19.3 |   15.2 |   16.8 |   29.8 |   26.4 |   34.2 |   42.4 |   -0.2 |    0.3 | +| Difference (Sub2023 - Sub2022)  | kg    |  0,47 | 
-| Difference    |  %     |  293.9 |  288.8 |  277.9 |  287.3 |  291.8 |  292.3 |  292.6 |  294.3 |   -2.2 |    3.6 |+| Difference                      | %     |  44,7 |
  
 +<WRAP center round info 65%>
 +For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].
 +</WRAP>
  
 ===== Uncertainty ===== ===== Uncertainty =====
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 ===== Planned improvements ===== ===== Planned improvements =====
-According to the BVL, no maximum permitted HCB concentrations have ever been legally established for the technical active substances atrazine, simazine, lindane and clopyralid, nor are such limits in place today. Further information on the sales volumes of atrazine, simazine and cloparylide is now available but not included in the current submission. The method will be reviewed accordingly, adjusted and extended for the 2023 submission.+For the next submissions no further improvements are planned.