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sector:agriculture:manure_management:start [2022/12/14 14:57] – [Additional data] doeringsector:agriculture:manure_management:start [2022/12/14 15:25] – [Table] doering
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 == N excretion == == N excretion ==
-In order to determine NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from manure management of a specific animal category, the individual N excretion rate must be known as well as, for NH<sub>3</sub>, the TAN content of the N excretions. Default excretion rates are provided by IPCC Guidelines and default TAN contents can be found in the EMEP Guidebook, 2019((EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019, EEA Report No 13/2019, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019.)). However, the German agricultural emission inventory uses N mass balances to calculate the N excretions and the TAN contents of almost all reported animal categories to be reported. N mass balance calculations (see below) consider N intake with feed, N retention due to growth, N contained in milk and eggs, and N in offspring. Table 2 presents national means of N excretions and TAN contents. For methodological details and mass balance input data see +In order to determine NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from manure management of a specific animal category, the individual N excretion rate must be known as well as, for NH<sub>3</sub>, the TAN content of the N excretions. Default excretion rates are provided by IPCC Guidelines and default TAN contents can be found in the EMEP Guidebook, 2019((EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019, EEA Report No 13/2019, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019.)). However, the German agricultural emission inventory uses N mass balances to calculate the N excretions and the TAN contents of almost all reported animal categories. N mass balance calculations (see below) consider N intake with feed, N retention due to growth, N contained in milk and eggs, and N in offspring. Table 2 presents national means of N excretions and TAN contents. For methodological details and mass balance input data see Rösemann et al. (2023), Chapter 4.2 as well as Chapter 4.1.2.
-Vos et al. (2022), Chapter 3.3.4.3 as well as Chapters 4 to 8.+
  
 //Table 2: National means of N excretions and TAN contents// //Table 2: National means of N excretions and TAN contents//
  
-^                                            ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^ +^                                            ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^ 
-^  mean N excretions in kg per animal place                                                                                                                          |||||||||||||||| +^  mean N excretions in kg per animal place                                                                                                                                  ||||||||||||||||| 
-^ dairy cattle                               |   92.0 |   97.9 |  103.8 |  108.9 |  110.3 |  110.9 |  111.1 |  110.5 |  111.5 |  112.8 |  114.2 |  113.9 |  116.4 |  119.5 |  121.8 | +^ dairy cattle                               |   92.0 |   97.9 |  103.8 |  108.9 |  110.2 |  110.9 |  111.2 |  110.7 |  111.6 |  112.8 |  114.1 |  113.8 |  116.1 |  119.1 |  121.4 |  121.9 | 
-^ other cattle                               |   37.9 |   39.9 |   41.3 |   41.2 |   42.1 |   42.0 |   42.0 |   42.1 |   42.2 |   42.5 |   42.5 |   42.7 |   42.9 |   43.3 |   43.7 | +^ other cattle                               |   37.9 |   39.9 |   41.3 |   41.2 |   42.1 |   42.0 |   42.0 |   42.2 |   42.2 |   42.5 |   42.5 |   42.7 |   42.9 |   43.4 |   43.7 |   43.8 | 
-^ horses                                     |   48.2 |   48.1 |   49.0 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.8 | +^ horses                                     |   48.2 |   48.1 |   49.0 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.8 |   48.9 | 
-^ sheep                                      |    7.7 |    7.7 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 | +^ sheep                                      |    7.7 |    7.7 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 |    7.8 | 
-^ goats                                      |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 | +^ goats                                      |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 |   11.0 | 
-^ swine                                      |   13.0 |   13.4 |   13.2 |   13.0 |   12.8 |   12.8 |   12.8 |   12.8 |   12.8 |   13.0 |   13.1 |   13.1 |   13.1 |   13.0 |   13.0 | +^ swine                                      |   13.0 |   13.4 |   13.2 |   13.0 |   12.8 |   12.7 |   12.7 |   12.6 |   12.6 |   12.7 |   12.7 |   12.6 |   12.6 |   12.5 |   12.4 |   12.6 | 
-^ laying hens                                |   0.81 |   0.78 |   0.76 |   0.79 |   0.87 |   0.87 |   0.88 |   0.88 |   0.88 |   0.89 |   0.89 |   0.89 |   0.90 |   0.90 |   0.90 | +^ laying hens                                |   0.81 |   0.78 |   0.76 |   0.79 |   0.87 |   0.87 |   0.88 |   0.88 |   0.88 |   0.89 |   0.89 |   0.89 |   0.90 |   0.90 |   0.90 |   0.90 | 
-^ broilers                                   |   0.48 |   0.41 |   0.45 |   0.49 |   0.51 |   0.48 |   0.42 |   0.38 |   0.40 |   0.40 |   0.40 |   0.40 |   0.41 |   0.40 |   0.39 | +^ broilers                                   |   0.48 |   0.41 |   0.45 |   0.49 |   0.51 |   0.48 |   0.42 |   0.38 |   0.40 |   0.40 |   0.40 |   0.40 |   0.41 |   0.40 |   0.39 |   0.39 | 
-^ turkeys                                    |    2.0 |    2.0 |    2.0 |    2.2 |    2.2 |    2.2 |    2.3 |    2.3 |    2.3 |    2.3 |    2.3 |    2.3 |    2.2 |    2.2 |    2.1 | +^ turkeys                                    |    2.0 |    2.0 |    2.0 |    2.2 |    2.2 |    2.2 |    2.3 |    2.3 |    2.3 |    2.3 |    2.3 |    2.3 |    2.2 |    2.2 |    2.1 |    2.1 | 
-^ pullets                                    |   0.32 |   0.29 |   0.27 |   0.27 |   0.28 |   0.28 |   0.28 |   0.28 |   0.28 |   0.28 |   0.28 |   0.29 |   0.29 |   0.29 |   0.29 | +^ pullets                                    |   0.32 |   0.29 |   0.27 |   0.27 |   0.28 |   0.28 |   0.28 |   0.28 |   0.28 |   0.28 |   0.28 |   0.29 |   0.29 |   0.29 |   0.29 |   0.29 | 
-^ ducks                                      |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 | +^ ducks                                      |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 |   0.61 | 
-^ geese                                      |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 | +^ geese                                      |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 |   0.70 | 
-^  mean TAN contents in %                                                                                                                                            |||||||||||||||| +^  mean TAN contents in %                                                                                                                                                    ||||||||||||||||| 
-^ dairy cattle                               |   58.0 |   55.0 |   52.9 |   51.3 |   49.9 |   49.5 |   49.2 |   49.1 |   48.6 |   48.5 |   48.2 |   48.0 |   47.4 |   47.0 |   46.6 | +^ dairy cattle                               |   58.0 |   55.0 |   53.0 |   51.3 |   49.9 |   49.5 |   49.2 |   49.2 |   48.6 |   48.5 |   48.2 |   48.0 |   47.3 |   46.9 |   46.5 |   46.5 | 
-^ other cattle                               |   65.5 |   65.7 |   65.7 |   65.7 |   66.0 |   66.1 |   66.1 |   66.2 |   66.3 |   66.3 |   66.3 |   66.3 |   66.3 |   66.4 |   66.4 | +^ other cattle                               |   65.5 |   65.7 |   65.7 |   65.7 |   66.0 |   66.1 |   66.2 |   66.2 |   66.3 |   66.3 |   66.4 |   66.4 |   66.4 |   66.4 |   66.4 |   66.3 | 
-^ horses                                     |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 | +^ horses                                     |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 |   60.0 | 
-^ sheep                                      |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 | +^ sheep                                      |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 | 
-^ goats                                      |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 | +^ goats                                      |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 |   50.0 | 
-^ swine                                      |   72.0 |   71.7 |   71.1 |   71.8 |   72.3 |   72.1 |   71.9 |   71.8 |   71.7 |   71.8 |   71.7 |   71.6 |   71.5 |   71.4 |   71.3 | +^ swine                                      |   72.0 |   71.7 |   71.1 |   71.8 |   72.3 |   72.0 |   71.8 |   71.7 |   71.5 |   71.6 |   71.4 |   71.2 |   71.1 |   71.0 |   70.8 |   70.9 | 
-^ laying hens                                |   70.2 |   69.6 |   69.0 |   69.3 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.2 |   70.2 |   70.2 |   70.2 |   70.2 |   70.2 |   70.2 |   70.2 | +^ laying hens                                |   70.2 |   69.6 |   69.0 |   69.3 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.2 |   70.2 |   70.2 |   70.2 |   70.2 |   70.2 |   70.2 |   70.2 |   70.2 | 
-^ broilers                                   |   60.8 |   58.9 |   56.4 |   53.5 |   50.0 |   49.4 |   48.8 |   48.2 |   47.6 |   46.9 |   46.5 |   46.1 |   45.7 |   45.2 |   44.8 | +^ broilers                                   |   60.8 |   58.9 |   56.4 |   53.5 |   50.0 |   49.4 |   48.8 |   48.2 |   47.6 |   46.9 |   46.5 |   46.1 |   45.7 |   45.2 |   44.8 |   44.8 | 
-^ turkeys                                    |   64.7 |   64.7 |   63.0 |   63.9 |   63.0 |   63.1 |   63.8 |   63.5 |   63.5 |   63.5 |   63.5 |   63.3 |   63.0 |   63.0 |   62.1 | +^ turkeys                                    |   64.7 |   64.7 |   63.0 |   63.9 |   63.0 |   63.1 |   63.8 |   63.5 |   63.5 |   63.5 |   63.5 |   63.3 |   63.0 |   63.0 |   62.1 |   62.1 | 
-^ pullets                                    |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 | +^ pullets                                    |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 |   67.8 | 
-^ ducks                                      |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 | +^ ducks                                      |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 |   49.9 | 
-^ geese                                      |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |+^ geese                                      |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |   70.0 |
  
 == N mass flow and emission assessment == == N mass flow and emission assessment ==
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 The model allows tracing of the pathways of the two N fractions after excretion. The various locations where excretion may take place are considered. The partial mass flows down to the input to soil are represented.  The model allows tracing of the pathways of the two N fractions after excretion. The various locations where excretion may take place are considered. The partial mass flows down to the input to soil are represented. 
-During storage Norg can be transformed into TAN and vice versa. Both, the way and the magnitude of such transformations may be influenced by manure treatment processes like, e. g., anaerobic digestion where a considerable fraction of Norg is mineralized to TAN. For details see Vos et al. (2022), Chapters 3.3.4.3 and 3.3.4.4. Wherever NH<sub>3</sub> is emitted, its formation is related to the amount of the TAN present. N<sub>2</sub>O emissions are related to the total amount of N available (Norg + TAN). NO<sub>x</sub> emissions (i. e. NO emissions) are calculated proportionally to the N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, see section 'Emission factors'. Note that the N<sub>2</sub>O, NO<sub>x</sub> and N2 emissions from the various storage systems include the respective emissions from the related housing systems.+During storage Norg can be transformed into TAN and vice versa. Both, the way and the magnitude of such transformations may be influenced by manure treatment processes like, e. g., anaerobic digestion where a considerable fraction of Norg is mineralized to TAN. For details see Rösemann et al. (2023), Chapter 4.2. Wherever NH<sub>3</sub> is emitted, its formation is related to the amount of the TAN present. N<sub>2</sub>O emissions are related to the total amount of N available (Norg + TAN). NO<sub>x</sub> emissions (i. e. NO emissions) are calculated proportionally to the N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, see section 'Emission factors'. Note that the N<sub>2</sub>O, NO<sub>x</sub> and N2 emissions from the various storage systems include the respective emissions from the related housing systems.
  
 == Air scrubber systems in swine and poultry housings == == Air scrubber systems in swine and poultry housings ==
-For pig and poultry production the inventory model considers the effect of air scrubbing. Data on frequencies of air scrubbing facilities and the removal efficiency are provided by KTBL (Kuratorium für Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft / Association for Technology and Structures in Agriculture). The average removal efficiency of NH<sub>3</sub> is 80 % for swine and 70 % for poultry, while for TSP and PM<sub>10</sub> the rates are set to 90 % and for PM<sub>2.5</sub> to 70 % for both animal categories. For swine two types of air scrubbers are distinguished: certified systems that remove both NH<sub>3</sub> and particles, and non-certified systems that remove only particles.+For pig and poultry production the inventory model considers the effect of air scrubbing. Data on frequencies of air scrubbing facilities and the removal efficiency are provided by KTBL (Kuratorium für Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft / Association for Technology and Structures in Agriculture) supplemented by data from the 2020 agricultural census. The average removal efficiency of NH<sub>3</sub> is 80 % for swine and 70 % for poultry, while for TSP and PM<sub>10</sub> the rates are set to 90 % and for PM<sub>2.5</sub> to 70 % for both animal categories. For swine two types of air scrubbers are distinguished: systems of “first class” that remove both NH<sub>3</sub> and particles, and ”second class” systems that remove only particles reliably and have a NH<sub>3</sub> removal efficiency of 20%.
  
-According to the KTBL data, 7.5 % of all pig places were equipped with certified systems in 2020, another 0.7 % were equipped with non-certified systems. For poultry 0.6 % of all laying hen places and 1.8 % of all broiler places were equipped with air scrubbers that remove both NH<sub>3</sub> and particles. +According to the KTBL data, 6.6 % of all pig places were equipped with ”first class” systems  in 2021, another 11.2 % were equipped with "second class" systems. For poultry 8 % of all laying hen places and 2.1 % of all broiler places were equipped with air scrubbers that remove both NH<sub>3</sub> and particles. 
-The amounts of NH<sub>3</sub>-N removed by air scrubbing are completely added to the pools of total N and TAN for landspreading. For details see Vos et al. (2022), Chapter 3.3.4.3.3.+The amounts of NH<sub>3</sub>-N removed by air scrubbing are completely added to the pools of total N and TAN for landspreading. For details see Rösemann et al. (2023), Chapter 4.2.2.
  
 == Anaerobic digestion of manure == == Anaerobic digestion of manure ==
-According to IPCC (2006), anaerobic digestion of manure is treated like a particular storage type that, however, comprises three sub-compartments (pre-storage, fermenter and storage of digestates). For details see Vos et al. (2022), Chapters 3.3.4.4 and 3.4.4.2. The resulting digestates are considered as liquid. Two different types of digestates storage systems are considered: gastight storage and open tank. For open tanks formation of a natural crust because of co-fermentation with energy crops is taken into account. Furthermore, the modelling of anaerobic digestion and spreading of the digestates takes into account that the amount of TAN in the digestates is higher than in untreated slurry and that the frequencies of spreading techniques differ from those for untreated slurry.+According to IPCC (2006), anaerobic digestion of manure is treated like a particular storage type that, however, comprises three sub-compartments (pre-storage, fermenter and storage of digestates). For details see Rösemann et al. (2023), Chapters 2.6 and 4.2.5. The resulting digestates are considered as liquid. Two different types of digestates storage systems are considered: gastight storage and open tank. For open tanks formation of a natural crust because of co-fermentation with energy crops is taken into account. Furthermore, the modelling of anaerobic digestion and spreading of the digestates takes into account that the amount of TAN in the digestates is higher than in untreated slurry and that the frequencies of spreading techniques differ from those for untreated slurry.
  
 NH<sub>3</sub> and NO emissions occur from pre-storage of solid manure, from non-gastight storage of digestates and from land-spreading of digestates (NH<sub>3</sub> emissions and NO emissions from landspreading of digested manure are reported in 3.Da.2.a). There are no such emissions from pre-storage of slurry, from the fermenter and from gastight storage of digestates. Note that NH<sub>3</sub> and NO emissions calculated with respect to the digestion of animal manures do not comprise the contributions by co-digested energy crops. The latter are dealt with separately in 3.D.a.2.c and 3.I. NH<sub>3</sub> and NO emissions occur from pre-storage of solid manure, from non-gastight storage of digestates and from land-spreading of digestates (NH<sub>3</sub> emissions and NO emissions from landspreading of digested manure are reported in 3.Da.2.a). There are no such emissions from pre-storage of slurry, from the fermenter and from gastight storage of digestates. Note that NH<sub>3</sub> and NO emissions calculated with respect to the digestion of animal manures do not comprise the contributions by co-digested energy crops. The latter are dealt with separately in 3.D.a.2.c and 3.I.
Line 158: Line 157:
  
 The detailed NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors are, in general, related to the amount of TAN available at the various stages of the N flow chain. The emission factors for laying hens, broilers, pullets, ducks and turkeys are related to N. Most NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors are country-specific but some are taken from EMEP (2019). No specific NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors are known for the application of digested manure. However, due to co-fermentation with energy crops, the viscosity of digested manure resembles that of untreated cattle slurry. Hence, the emission factors for untreated cattle slurry are adopted for the application of digested manure. The detailed NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors are, in general, related to the amount of TAN available at the various stages of the N flow chain. The emission factors for laying hens, broilers, pullets, ducks and turkeys are related to N. Most NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors are country-specific but some are taken from EMEP (2019). No specific NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors are known for the application of digested manure. However, due to co-fermentation with energy crops, the viscosity of digested manure resembles that of untreated cattle slurry. Hence, the emission factors for untreated cattle slurry are adopted for the application of digested manure.
-For the detailed emission factors of livestock husbandry see Vos et al. (2022), Chapters 4 to 8; for emission factors of digested manure see Vos et al. (2022), Chapter 3.4.4.2.4. Table 3 provides, by animal category, the implied NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors for manure management (housing and storage). The overall German NH<sub>3</sub> IEF for manure application is reported in section 3.D.a.2.a.+For the detailed emission factors of livestock husbandry see Rösemann et al. (2023), Chapter 4.3. 
  
-The detailed emission factors for N<sub>2</sub>O, NO<sub>x</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> relate to the amount of N available which is N excreted plus, in case of solid manure systems, N input with bedding material. The N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors are taken from IPCC (2006). The emission factors for NO<sub>x</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> are approximated as being proportional to the N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors, i.e. the NO-N and N<sub>2</sub> emission factors are, respectively, one-tenth and three times the value of the N<sub>2</sub>O-N emission factor, see Vos et al. (2022), chapter 3.3.4.3.5. This proportionality is also applied to anaerobic digestion of manure, where N<sub>2</sub>O emissions occur from pre-storage of solid manure and non-gastight storage of digestates with the emission factors being those used for normal storage of solid manure and the storage of untreated slurry with natural crust provided by IPCC (2006). Note that the inventory model calculates NO rather than NOx. The conversion of NO emissions into NO<sub>x</sub> emissions is achieved by multiplying the NO emissions with the NO<sub>2</sub>/ NO molar weight ratio of 46/30. This relationship also holds for NO and NO<sub>x</sub> emission factors.+Table 3 provides, by animal category, the implied NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors for manure management (housing and storage). The overall German NH<sub>3</sub> IEF for manure application is reported in section 3.D.a.2.a. 
 + 
 +The the detailed emission factors for N<sub>2</sub>O, NO<sub>x</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> relate to the amount of N available which is N excreted plus, in case of solid manure systems, N input with bedding material. The N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors are taken from IPCC (2006). The emission factors for NO<sub>x</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> are approximated as being proportional to the N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors, i.e. the NO-N and N<sub>2</sub> emission factors are, respectively, one-tenth and three times the value of the N<sub>2</sub>O-N emission factor, see Rösemann et al. (2023), chapter 4.2.4. This proportionality is also applied to anaerobic digestion of manure, where N<sub>2</sub>O emissions occur from pre-storage of solid manure and non-gastight storage of digestates with the emission factors being those used for normal storage of solid manure and the storage of untreated slurry with natural crust provided by IPCC (2006). Note that the inventory model calculates NO rather than NOx. The conversion of NO emissions into NO<sub>x</sub> emissions is achieved by multiplying the NO emissions with the NO<sub>2</sub>/ NO molar weight ratio of 46/30. This relationship also holds for NO and NO<sub>x</sub> emission factors.
  
 Table 3 shows the implied emission factors of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> for the various animal categories. These emission factors normalize emissions from an animal category as the ratio of the total emission to the respective number of animals. Table 3 shows the implied emission factors of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> for the various animal categories. These emission factors normalize emissions from an animal category as the ratio of the total emission to the respective number of animals.
  
 //Table 3: IEF for NH<sub>3</sub> & NO<sub>x</sub> from manure management// //Table 3: IEF for NH<sub>3</sub> & NO<sub>x</sub> from manure management//
-|                                  ^  1990    ^  1995    ^  2000    ^  2005    ^  2010    ^  2011    ^  2012    ^  2013    ^  2014    ^  2015    ^  2016    ^  2017    ^  2018    ^  2019    ^  2020    ^ +|                                  ^  1990    ^  1995    ^  2000    ^  2005    ^  2010    ^  2011    ^  2012    ^  2013    ^  2014    ^  2015    ^  2016    ^  2017    ^  2018    ^  2019    ^  2020    ^  2021    ^ 
-^  IEF in kg NH₃ per animal place                                                                                                                                                        |||||||||||||||| +^  IEF in kg NH₃ per animal place                                                                                                                                                                  ||||||||||||||||| 
-^ dairy cattle                     |      9.8 |     10.4 |     11.1 |     12.1 |     12.6 |     12.8 |     12.8 |     12.9 |     13.1 |     13.4 |     13.7 |     13.9 |     14.2 |     14.7 |     15.1 | +^ dairy cattle                     |      9.8 |     10.3 |     11.1 |     12.2 |     12.7 |     12.8 |     12.8 |     12.8 |     12.9 |     13.1 |     13.3 |     13.3 |     13.5 |     13.9 |     14.0 |     14.0 | 
-^ other cattle                     |      7.0 |      7.4 |      7.7 |      8.2 |      8.5 |      8.5 |      8.6 |      8.7 |      8.8 |      8.9 |      9.0 |      9.1 |      9.2 |      9.4 |      9.5 | +^ other cattle                     |      6.2 |      6.3 |      6.4 |      6.7 |      7.2 |      7.1 |      7.0 |      6.9 |      6.9 |      6.8 |      6.8 |      6.7 |      6.7 |      6.7 |      6.7 |      6.7 | 
-^ horses                           |     13.5 |     13.5 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 | +^ horses                           |     13.5 |     13.5 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 | 
-^ sheep                            |     0.83 |     0.82 |     0.84 |     0.83 |     0.84 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.82 |     0.83 |     0.83 | +^ sheep                            |     0.83 |     0.82 |     0.84 |     0.83 |     0.84 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.82 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.82 | 
-^ goats                            |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 | +^ goats                            |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 | 
-^ swine                            |     4.60 |     4.50 |     4.37 |     4.30 |     4.13 |     4.07 |     4.03 |     4.00 |     3.98 |     4.02 |     4.00 |     3.98 |     3.97 |     3.94 |     3.92 | +^ swine                            |     4.53 |     4.45 |     4.33 |     4.25 |     4.08 |     4.01 |     3.94 |     3.89 |     3.84 |     3.86 |     3.81 |     3.77 |     3.73 |     3.67 |     3.63 |     3.67 | 
-^ laying hens                      |    0.212 |    0.203 |    0.199 |    0.198 |    0.142 |    0.144 |    0.144 |    0.145 |    0.146 |    0.146 |    0.147 |    0.147 |    0.148 |    0.149 |    0.150 | +^ laying hens                      |    0.214 |    0.206 |    0.211 |    0.209 |    0.137 |    0.138 |    0.136 |    0.135 |    0.133 |    0.132 |    0.130 |    0.129 |    0.128 |    0.126 |    0.125 |    0.125 | 
-^ broilers                         |    0.143 |    0.120 |    0.128 |    0.131 |    0.128 |    0.118 |    0.103 |    0.092 |    0.094 |    0.094 |    0.094 |    0.093 |    0.094 |    0.092 |    0.089 | +^ broilers                         |    0.143 |    0.120 |    0.128 |    0.131 |    0.128 |    0.118 |    0.103 |    0.092 |    0.094 |    0.094 |    0.094 |    0.093 |    0.094 |    0.092 |    0.089 |    0.088 | 
-^ turkeys                          |    0.793 |    0.793 |    0.797 |    0.874 |    0.836 |    0.839 |    0.892 |    0.862 |    0.861 |    0.859 |    0.860 |    0.860 |    0.835 |    0.835 |    0.784 | +^ turkeys                          |    0.793 |    0.793 |    0.797 |    0.874 |    0.836 |    0.839 |    0.892 |    0.862 |    0.860 |    0.859 |    0.859 |    0.860 |    0.835 |    0.835 |    0.783 |    0.783 | 
-^ pullets                          |    0.103 |    0.095 |    0.087 |    0.087 |    0.084 |    0.083 |    0.083 |    0.082 |    0.082 |    0.082 |    0.083 |    0.083 |    0.084 |    0.084 |    0.084 | +^ pullets                          |    0.103 |    0.095 |    0.087 |    0.087 |    0.084 |    0.083 |    0.083 |    0.082 |    0.082 |    0.082 |    0.083 |    0.083 |    0.084 |    0.084 |    0.083 |    0.083 | 
-^ ducks                            |    0.193 |    0.193 |    0.193 |    0.192 |    0.189 |    0.188 |    0.188 |    0.186 |    0.186 |    0.185 |    0.185 |    0.186 |    0.186 |    0.186 |    0.186 | +^ ducks                            |    0.193 |    0.193 |    0.193 |    0.192 |    0.189 |    0.188 |    0.188 |    0.186 |    0.186 |    0.185 |    0.185 |    0.185 |    0.186 |    0.186 |    0.185 |    0.185 | 
-^ geese                            |    0.384 |    0.384 |    0.384 |    0.383 |    0.380 |    0.380 |    0.380 |    0.379 |    0.379 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 | +^ geese                            |    0.384 |    0.384 |    0.384 |    0.383 |    0.380 |    0.380 |    0.380 |    0.379 |    0.379 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 | 
-^  IEF in kg NOₓ per animal place                                                                                                                                                        |||||||||||||||| +^  IEF in kg NOₓ per animal place                                                                                                                                                                  ||||||||||||||||| 
-^ dairy cattle                     |    0.106 |    0.114 |    0.125 |    0.130 |    0.125 |    0.123 |    0.119 |    0.117 |    0.117 |    0.118 |    0.120 |    0.120 |    0.123 |    0.126 |    0.129 | +^ dairy cattle                     |    0.106 |    0.114 |    0.125 |    0.130 |    0.126 |    0.124 |    0.120 |    0.117 |    0.118 |    0.119 |    0.120 |    0.120 |    0.123 |    0.126 |    0.128 |    0.128 | 
-^ other cattle                     |    0.053 |    0.057 |    0.059 |    0.062 |    0.064 |    0.063 |    0.063 |    0.063 |    0.064 |    0.064 |    0.065 |    0.066 |    0.066 |    0.068 |    0.069 | +^ other cattle                     |    0.053 |    0.057 |    0.059 |    0.063 |    0.064 |    0.064 |    0.064 |    0.064 |    0.064 |    0.065 |    0.065 |    0.066 |    0.067 |    0.068 |    0.068 |    0.069 | 
-^ horses                           |    0.084 |    0.084 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.086 | +^ horses                           |    0.084 |    0.084 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.086 | 
-^ sheep                            |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 | +^ sheep                            |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 | 
-^ goats                            |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 | +^ goats                            |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 | 
-^ swine                            |    0.011 |    0.013 |    0.012 |    0.014 |    0.014 |    0.014 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.012 |    0.012 |    0.012 | +^ swine                            |    0.011 |    0.013 |    0.012 |    0.014 |    0.014 |    0.014 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.012 |    0.012 |    0.012 |    0.012 |    0.011 |    0.011 |    0.011 | 
-^ laying hens                      |  0.00027 |  0.00026 |  0.00026 |  0.00029 |  0.00035 |  0.00035 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 | +^ laying hens                      |  0.00027 |  0.00026 |  0.00025 |  0.00029 |  0.00035 |  0.00035 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 | 
-^ broilers                         |  0.00016 |  0.00014 |  0.00015 |  0.00018 |  0.00020 |  0.00019 |  0.00016 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 | +^ broilers                         |  0.00016 |  0.00014 |  0.00015 |  0.00018 |  0.00020 |  0.00019 |  0.00016 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 | 
-^ turkeys                          |  0.00067 |  0.00067 |  0.00070 |  0.00084 |  0.00090 |  0.00091 |  0.00092 |  0.00090 |  0.00089 |  0.00089 |  0.00089 |  0.00089 |  0.00086 |  0.00085 |  0.00081 | +^ turkeys                          |  0.00067 |  0.00067 |  0.00070 |  0.00084 |  0.00090 |  0.00091 |  0.00092 |  0.00090 |  0.00089 |  0.00089 |  0.00089 |  0.00089 |  0.00086 |  0.00085 |  0.00081 |  0.00081 | 
-^ pullets                          |  0.00011 |  0.00010 |  0.00009 |  0.00010 |  0.00012 |  0.00012 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 | +^ pullets                          |  0.00011 |  0.00010 |  0.00009 |  0.00010 |  0.00012 |  0.00012 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 | 
-^ ducks                            |  0.00024 |  0.00024 |  0.00024 |  0.00025 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00026 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00026 |  0.00026 | +^ ducks                            |  0.00024 |  0.00024 |  0.00024 |  0.00025 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00026 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00026 |  0.00026 |  0.00026 | 
-^ geese                            |  0.00024 |  0.00024 |  0.00025 |  0.00027 |  0.00030 |  0.00030 |  0.00028 |  0.00029 |  0.00028 |  0.00029 |  0.00029 |  0.00029 |  0.00028 |  0.00028 |  0.00028 |+^ geese                            |  0.00024 |  0.00024 |  0.00025 |  0.00027 |  0.00030 |  0.00030 |  0.00028 |  0.00029 |  0.00028 |  0.00029 |  0.00029 |  0.00029 |  0.00028 |  0.00028 |  0.00028 |  0.00028 |
  
 == Trend discussion for Key Sources == == Trend discussion for Key Sources ==