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sector:agriculture:manure_management:start [2022/12/14 15:12] – doeringsector:agriculture:manure_management:start [2022/12/14 15:25] – [Table] doering
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 == Anaerobic digestion of manure == == Anaerobic digestion of manure ==
-According to IPCC (2006), anaerobic digestion of manure is treated like a particular storage type that, however, comprises three sub-compartments (pre-storage, fermenter and storage of digestates). For details see Vos et al. (2022), Chapters 3.3.4.4 and 3.4.4.2. The resulting digestates are considered as liquid. Two different types of digestates storage systems are considered: gastight storage and open tank. For open tanks formation of a natural crust because of co-fermentation with energy crops is taken into account. Furthermore, the modelling of anaerobic digestion and spreading of the digestates takes into account that the amount of TAN in the digestates is higher than in untreated slurry and that the frequencies of spreading techniques differ from those for untreated slurry.+According to IPCC (2006), anaerobic digestion of manure is treated like a particular storage type that, however, comprises three sub-compartments (pre-storage, fermenter and storage of digestates). For details see Rösemann et al. (2023), Chapters 2.6 and 4.2.5. The resulting digestates are considered as liquid. Two different types of digestates storage systems are considered: gastight storage and open tank. For open tanks formation of a natural crust because of co-fermentation with energy crops is taken into account. Furthermore, the modelling of anaerobic digestion and spreading of the digestates takes into account that the amount of TAN in the digestates is higher than in untreated slurry and that the frequencies of spreading techniques differ from those for untreated slurry.
  
 NH<sub>3</sub> and NO emissions occur from pre-storage of solid manure, from non-gastight storage of digestates and from land-spreading of digestates (NH<sub>3</sub> emissions and NO emissions from landspreading of digested manure are reported in 3.Da.2.a). There are no such emissions from pre-storage of slurry, from the fermenter and from gastight storage of digestates. Note that NH<sub>3</sub> and NO emissions calculated with respect to the digestion of animal manures do not comprise the contributions by co-digested energy crops. The latter are dealt with separately in 3.D.a.2.c and 3.I. NH<sub>3</sub> and NO emissions occur from pre-storage of solid manure, from non-gastight storage of digestates and from land-spreading of digestates (NH<sub>3</sub> emissions and NO emissions from landspreading of digested manure are reported in 3.Da.2.a). There are no such emissions from pre-storage of slurry, from the fermenter and from gastight storage of digestates. Note that NH<sub>3</sub> and NO emissions calculated with respect to the digestion of animal manures do not comprise the contributions by co-digested energy crops. The latter are dealt with separately in 3.D.a.2.c and 3.I.
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 The detailed NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors are, in general, related to the amount of TAN available at the various stages of the N flow chain. The emission factors for laying hens, broilers, pullets, ducks and turkeys are related to N. Most NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors are country-specific but some are taken from EMEP (2019). No specific NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors are known for the application of digested manure. However, due to co-fermentation with energy crops, the viscosity of digested manure resembles that of untreated cattle slurry. Hence, the emission factors for untreated cattle slurry are adopted for the application of digested manure. The detailed NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors are, in general, related to the amount of TAN available at the various stages of the N flow chain. The emission factors for laying hens, broilers, pullets, ducks and turkeys are related to N. Most NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors are country-specific but some are taken from EMEP (2019). No specific NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors are known for the application of digested manure. However, due to co-fermentation with energy crops, the viscosity of digested manure resembles that of untreated cattle slurry. Hence, the emission factors for untreated cattle slurry are adopted for the application of digested manure.
-For the detailed emission factors of livestock husbandry see Vos et al. (2022), Chapters 4 to 8; for emission factors of digested manure see Vos et al. (2022), Chapter 3.4.4.2.4. Table 3 provides, by animal category, the implied NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors for manure management (housing and storage). The overall German NH<sub>3</sub> IEF for manure application is reported in section 3.D.a.2.a.+For the detailed emission factors of livestock husbandry see Rösemann et al. (2023), Chapter 4.3. 
  
-The detailed emission factors for N<sub>2</sub>O, NO<sub>x</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> relate to the amount of N available which is N excreted plus, in case of solid manure systems, N input with bedding material. The N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors are taken from IPCC (2006). The emission factors for NO<sub>x</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> are approximated as being proportional to the N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors, i.e. the NO-N and N<sub>2</sub> emission factors are, respectively, one-tenth and three times the value of the N<sub>2</sub>O-N emission factor, see Vos et al. (2022), chapter 3.3.4.3.5. This proportionality is also applied to anaerobic digestion of manure, where N<sub>2</sub>O emissions occur from pre-storage of solid manure and non-gastight storage of digestates with the emission factors being those used for normal storage of solid manure and the storage of untreated slurry with natural crust provided by IPCC (2006). Note that the inventory model calculates NO rather than NOx. The conversion of NO emissions into NO<sub>x</sub> emissions is achieved by multiplying the NO emissions with the NO<sub>2</sub>/ NO molar weight ratio of 46/30. This relationship also holds for NO and NO<sub>x</sub> emission factors.+Table 3 provides, by animal category, the implied NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors for manure management (housing and storage). The overall German NH<sub>3</sub> IEF for manure application is reported in section 3.D.a.2.a. 
 + 
 +The the detailed emission factors for N<sub>2</sub>O, NO<sub>x</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> relate to the amount of N available which is N excreted plus, in case of solid manure systems, N input with bedding material. The N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors are taken from IPCC (2006). The emission factors for NO<sub>x</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> are approximated as being proportional to the N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors, i.e. the NO-N and N<sub>2</sub> emission factors are, respectively, one-tenth and three times the value of the N<sub>2</sub>O-N emission factor, see Rösemann et al. (2023), chapter 4.2.4. This proportionality is also applied to anaerobic digestion of manure, where N<sub>2</sub>O emissions occur from pre-storage of solid manure and non-gastight storage of digestates with the emission factors being those used for normal storage of solid manure and the storage of untreated slurry with natural crust provided by IPCC (2006). Note that the inventory model calculates NO rather than NOx. The conversion of NO emissions into NO<sub>x</sub> emissions is achieved by multiplying the NO emissions with the NO<sub>2</sub>/ NO molar weight ratio of 46/30. This relationship also holds for NO and NO<sub>x</sub> emission factors.
  
 Table 3 shows the implied emission factors of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> for the various animal categories. These emission factors normalize emissions from an animal category as the ratio of the total emission to the respective number of animals. Table 3 shows the implied emission factors of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> for the various animal categories. These emission factors normalize emissions from an animal category as the ratio of the total emission to the respective number of animals.
  
 //Table 3: IEF for NH<sub>3</sub> & NO<sub>x</sub> from manure management// //Table 3: IEF for NH<sub>3</sub> & NO<sub>x</sub> from manure management//
-|                                  ^  1990    ^  1995    ^  2000    ^  2005    ^  2010    ^  2011    ^  2012    ^  2013    ^  2014    ^  2015    ^  2016    ^  2017    ^  2018    ^  2019    ^  2020    ^ +|                                  ^  1990    ^  1995    ^  2000    ^  2005    ^  2010    ^  2011    ^  2012    ^  2013    ^  2014    ^  2015    ^  2016    ^  2017    ^  2018    ^  2019    ^  2020    ^  2021    ^ 
-^  IEF in kg NH₃ per animal place                                                                                                                                                        |||||||||||||||| +^  IEF in kg NH₃ per animal place                                                                                                                                                                  ||||||||||||||||| 
-^ dairy cattle                     |      9.8 |     10.4 |     11.1 |     12.1 |     12.6 |     12.8 |     12.8 |     12.9 |     13.1 |     13.4 |     13.7 |     13.9 |     14.2 |     14.7 |     15.1 | +^ dairy cattle                     |      9.8 |     10.3 |     11.1 |     12.2 |     12.7 |     12.8 |     12.8 |     12.8 |     12.9 |     13.1 |     13.3 |     13.3 |     13.5 |     13.9 |     14.0 |     14.0 | 
-^ other cattle                     |      7.0 |      7.4 |      7.7 |      8.2 |      8.5 |      8.5 |      8.6 |      8.7 |      8.8 |      8.9 |      9.0 |      9.1 |      9.2 |      9.4 |      9.5 | +^ other cattle                     |      6.2 |      6.3 |      6.4 |      6.7 |      7.2 |      7.1 |      7.0 |      6.9 |      6.9 |      6.8 |      6.8 |      6.7 |      6.7 |      6.7 |      6.7 |      6.7 | 
-^ horses                           |     13.5 |     13.5 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 | +^ horses                           |     13.5 |     13.5 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 | 
-^ sheep                            |     0.83 |     0.82 |     0.84 |     0.83 |     0.84 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.82 |     0.83 |     0.83 | +^ sheep                            |     0.83 |     0.82 |     0.84 |     0.83 |     0.84 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.82 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.82 | 
-^ goats                            |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 | +^ goats                            |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 | 
-^ swine                            |     4.60 |     4.50 |     4.37 |     4.30 |     4.13 |     4.07 |     4.03 |     4.00 |     3.98 |     4.02 |     4.00 |     3.98 |     3.97 |     3.94 |     3.92 | +^ swine                            |     4.53 |     4.45 |     4.33 |     4.25 |     4.08 |     4.01 |     3.94 |     3.89 |     3.84 |     3.86 |     3.81 |     3.77 |     3.73 |     3.67 |     3.63 |     3.67 | 
-^ laying hens                      |    0.212 |    0.203 |    0.199 |    0.198 |    0.142 |    0.144 |    0.144 |    0.145 |    0.146 |    0.146 |    0.147 |    0.147 |    0.148 |    0.149 |    0.150 | +^ laying hens                      |    0.214 |    0.206 |    0.211 |    0.209 |    0.137 |    0.138 |    0.136 |    0.135 |    0.133 |    0.132 |    0.130 |    0.129 |    0.128 |    0.126 |    0.125 |    0.125 | 
-^ broilers                         |    0.143 |    0.120 |    0.128 |    0.131 |    0.128 |    0.118 |    0.103 |    0.092 |    0.094 |    0.094 |    0.094 |    0.093 |    0.094 |    0.092 |    0.089 | +^ broilers                         |    0.143 |    0.120 |    0.128 |    0.131 |    0.128 |    0.118 |    0.103 |    0.092 |    0.094 |    0.094 |    0.094 |    0.093 |    0.094 |    0.092 |    0.089 |    0.088 | 
-^ turkeys                          |    0.793 |    0.793 |    0.797 |    0.874 |    0.836 |    0.839 |    0.892 |    0.862 |    0.861 |    0.859 |    0.860 |    0.860 |    0.835 |    0.835 |    0.784 | +^ turkeys                          |    0.793 |    0.793 |    0.797 |    0.874 |    0.836 |    0.839 |    0.892 |    0.862 |    0.860 |    0.859 |    0.859 |    0.860 |    0.835 |    0.835 |    0.783 |    0.783 | 
-^ pullets                          |    0.103 |    0.095 |    0.087 |    0.087 |    0.084 |    0.083 |    0.083 |    0.082 |    0.082 |    0.082 |    0.083 |    0.083 |    0.084 |    0.084 |    0.084 | +^ pullets                          |    0.103 |    0.095 |    0.087 |    0.087 |    0.084 |    0.083 |    0.083 |    0.082 |    0.082 |    0.082 |    0.083 |    0.083 |    0.084 |    0.084 |    0.083 |    0.083 | 
-^ ducks                            |    0.193 |    0.193 |    0.193 |    0.192 |    0.189 |    0.188 |    0.188 |    0.186 |    0.186 |    0.185 |    0.185 |    0.186 |    0.186 |    0.186 |    0.186 | +^ ducks                            |    0.193 |    0.193 |    0.193 |    0.192 |    0.189 |    0.188 |    0.188 |    0.186 |    0.186 |    0.185 |    0.185 |    0.185 |    0.186 |    0.186 |    0.185 |    0.185 | 
-^ geese                            |    0.384 |    0.384 |    0.384 |    0.383 |    0.380 |    0.380 |    0.380 |    0.379 |    0.379 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 | +^ geese                            |    0.384 |    0.384 |    0.384 |    0.383 |    0.380 |    0.380 |    0.380 |    0.379 |    0.379 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 | 
-^  IEF in kg NOₓ per animal place                                                                                                                                                        |||||||||||||||| +^  IEF in kg NOₓ per animal place                                                                                                                                                                  ||||||||||||||||| 
-^ dairy cattle                     |    0.106 |    0.114 |    0.125 |    0.130 |    0.125 |    0.123 |    0.119 |    0.117 |    0.117 |    0.118 |    0.120 |    0.120 |    0.123 |    0.126 |    0.129 | +^ dairy cattle                     |    0.106 |    0.114 |    0.125 |    0.130 |    0.126 |    0.124 |    0.120 |    0.117 |    0.118 |    0.119 |    0.120 |    0.120 |    0.123 |    0.126 |    0.128 |    0.128 | 
-^ other cattle                     |    0.053 |    0.057 |    0.059 |    0.062 |    0.064 |    0.063 |    0.063 |    0.063 |    0.064 |    0.064 |    0.065 |    0.066 |    0.066 |    0.068 |    0.069 | +^ other cattle                     |    0.053 |    0.057 |    0.059 |    0.063 |    0.064 |    0.064 |    0.064 |    0.064 |    0.064 |    0.065 |    0.065 |    0.066 |    0.067 |    0.068 |    0.068 |    0.069 | 
-^ horses                           |    0.084 |    0.084 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.086 | +^ horses                           |    0.084 |    0.084 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.086 | 
-^ sheep                            |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 | +^ sheep                            |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 | 
-^ goats                            |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 | +^ goats                            |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 | 
-^ swine                            |    0.011 |    0.013 |    0.012 |    0.014 |    0.014 |    0.014 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.012 |    0.012 |    0.012 | +^ swine                            |    0.011 |    0.013 |    0.012 |    0.014 |    0.014 |    0.014 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.012 |    0.012 |    0.012 |    0.012 |    0.011 |    0.011 |    0.011 | 
-^ laying hens                      |  0.00027 |  0.00026 |  0.00026 |  0.00029 |  0.00035 |  0.00035 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 | +^ laying hens                      |  0.00027 |  0.00026 |  0.00025 |  0.00029 |  0.00035 |  0.00035 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 | 
-^ broilers                         |  0.00016 |  0.00014 |  0.00015 |  0.00018 |  0.00020 |  0.00019 |  0.00016 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 | +^ broilers                         |  0.00016 |  0.00014 |  0.00015 |  0.00018 |  0.00020 |  0.00019 |  0.00016 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 | 
-^ turkeys                          |  0.00067 |  0.00067 |  0.00070 |  0.00084 |  0.00090 |  0.00091 |  0.00092 |  0.00090 |  0.00089 |  0.00089 |  0.00089 |  0.00089 |  0.00086 |  0.00085 |  0.00081 | +^ turkeys                          |  0.00067 |  0.00067 |  0.00070 |  0.00084 |  0.00090 |  0.00091 |  0.00092 |  0.00090 |  0.00089 |  0.00089 |  0.00089 |  0.00089 |  0.00086 |  0.00085 |  0.00081 |  0.00081 | 
-^ pullets                          |  0.00011 |  0.00010 |  0.00009 |  0.00010 |  0.00012 |  0.00012 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 | +^ pullets                          |  0.00011 |  0.00010 |  0.00009 |  0.00010 |  0.00012 |  0.00012 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 | 
-^ ducks                            |  0.00024 |  0.00024 |  0.00024 |  0.00025 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00026 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00026 |  0.00026 | +^ ducks                            |  0.00024 |  0.00024 |  0.00024 |  0.00025 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00026 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00026 |  0.00026 |  0.00026 | 
-^ geese                            |  0.00024 |  0.00024 |  0.00025 |  0.00027 |  0.00030 |  0.00030 |  0.00028 |  0.00029 |  0.00028 |  0.00029 |  0.00029 |  0.00029 |  0.00028 |  0.00028 |  0.00028 |+^ geese                            |  0.00024 |  0.00024 |  0.00025 |  0.00027 |  0.00030 |  0.00030 |  0.00028 |  0.00029 |  0.00028 |  0.00029 |  0.00029 |  0.00029 |  0.00028 |  0.00028 |  0.00028 |  0.00028 |
  
 == Trend discussion for Key Sources == == Trend discussion for Key Sources ==