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sector:agriculture:manure_management:start [2022/12/14 15:12] – doeringsector:agriculture:manure_management:start [2022/12/15 12:00] – [Method] doering
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 == Anaerobic digestion of manure == == Anaerobic digestion of manure ==
-According to IPCC (2006), anaerobic digestion of manure is treated like a particular storage type that, however, comprises three sub-compartments (pre-storage, fermenter and storage of digestates). For details see Vos et al. (2022), Chapters 3.3.4.4 and 3.4.4.2. The resulting digestates are considered as liquid. Two different types of digestates storage systems are considered: gastight storage and open tank. For open tanks formation of a natural crust because of co-fermentation with energy crops is taken into account. Furthermore, the modelling of anaerobic digestion and spreading of the digestates takes into account that the amount of TAN in the digestates is higher than in untreated slurry and that the frequencies of spreading techniques differ from those for untreated slurry.+According to IPCC (2006), anaerobic digestion of manure is treated like a particular storage type that, however, comprises three sub-compartments (pre-storage, fermenter and storage of digestates). For details see Rösemann et al. (2023), Chapters 2.6 and 4.2.5. The resulting digestates are considered as liquid. Two different types of digestates storage systems are considered: gastight storage and open tank. For open tanks formation of a natural crust because of co-fermentation with energy crops is taken into account. Furthermore, the modelling of anaerobic digestion and spreading of the digestates takes into account that the amount of TAN in the digestates is higher than in untreated slurry and that the frequencies of spreading techniques differ from those for untreated slurry.
  
 NH<sub>3</sub> and NO emissions occur from pre-storage of solid manure, from non-gastight storage of digestates and from land-spreading of digestates (NH<sub>3</sub> emissions and NO emissions from landspreading of digested manure are reported in 3.Da.2.a). There are no such emissions from pre-storage of slurry, from the fermenter and from gastight storage of digestates. Note that NH<sub>3</sub> and NO emissions calculated with respect to the digestion of animal manures do not comprise the contributions by co-digested energy crops. The latter are dealt with separately in 3.D.a.2.c and 3.I. NH<sub>3</sub> and NO emissions occur from pre-storage of solid manure, from non-gastight storage of digestates and from land-spreading of digestates (NH<sub>3</sub> emissions and NO emissions from landspreading of digested manure are reported in 3.Da.2.a). There are no such emissions from pre-storage of slurry, from the fermenter and from gastight storage of digestates. Note that NH<sub>3</sub> and NO emissions calculated with respect to the digestion of animal manures do not comprise the contributions by co-digested energy crops. The latter are dealt with separately in 3.D.a.2.c and 3.I.
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 The detailed NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors are, in general, related to the amount of TAN available at the various stages of the N flow chain. The emission factors for laying hens, broilers, pullets, ducks and turkeys are related to N. Most NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors are country-specific but some are taken from EMEP (2019). No specific NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors are known for the application of digested manure. However, due to co-fermentation with energy crops, the viscosity of digested manure resembles that of untreated cattle slurry. Hence, the emission factors for untreated cattle slurry are adopted for the application of digested manure. The detailed NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors are, in general, related to the amount of TAN available at the various stages of the N flow chain. The emission factors for laying hens, broilers, pullets, ducks and turkeys are related to N. Most NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors are country-specific but some are taken from EMEP (2019). No specific NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors are known for the application of digested manure. However, due to co-fermentation with energy crops, the viscosity of digested manure resembles that of untreated cattle slurry. Hence, the emission factors for untreated cattle slurry are adopted for the application of digested manure.
-For the detailed emission factors of livestock husbandry see Vos et al. (2022), Chapters 4 to 8; for emission factors of digested manure see Vos et al. (2022), Chapter 3.4.4.2.4. Table 3 provides, by animal category, the implied NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors for manure management (housing and storage). The overall German NH<sub>3</sub> IEF for manure application is reported in section 3.D.a.2.a.+For the detailed emission factors of livestock husbandry see Rösemann et al. (2023), Chapter 4.3. 
  
-The detailed emission factors for N<sub>2</sub>O, NO<sub>x</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> relate to the amount of N available which is N excreted plus, in case of solid manure systems, N input with bedding material. The N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors are taken from IPCC (2006). The emission factors for NO<sub>x</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> are approximated as being proportional to the N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors, i.e. the NO-N and N<sub>2</sub> emission factors are, respectively, one-tenth and three times the value of the N<sub>2</sub>O-N emission factor, see Vos et al. (2022), chapter 3.3.4.3.5. This proportionality is also applied to anaerobic digestion of manure, where N<sub>2</sub>O emissions occur from pre-storage of solid manure and non-gastight storage of digestates with the emission factors being those used for normal storage of solid manure and the storage of untreated slurry with natural crust provided by IPCC (2006). Note that the inventory model calculates NO rather than NOx. The conversion of NO emissions into NO<sub>x</sub> emissions is achieved by multiplying the NO emissions with the NO<sub>2</sub>/ NO molar weight ratio of 46/30. This relationship also holds for NO and NO<sub>x</sub> emission factors.+Table 3 provides, by animal category, the implied NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors for manure management (housing and storage). The overall German NH<sub>3</sub> IEF for manure application is reported in section 3.D.a.2.a. 
 + 
 +The the detailed emission factors for N<sub>2</sub>O, NO<sub>x</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> relate to the amount of N available which is N excreted plus, in case of solid manure systems, N input with bedding material. The N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors are taken from IPCC (2006). The emission factors for NO<sub>x</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> are approximated as being proportional to the N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors, i.e. the NO-N and N<sub>2</sub> emission factors are, respectively, one-tenth and three times the value of the N<sub>2</sub>O-N emission factor, see Rösemann et al. (2023), chapter 4.2.4. This proportionality is also applied to anaerobic digestion of manure, where N<sub>2</sub>O emissions occur from pre-storage of solid manure and non-gastight storage of digestates with the emission factors being those used for normal storage of solid manure and the storage of untreated slurry with natural crust provided by IPCC (2006). Note that the inventory model calculates NO rather than NOx. The conversion of NO emissions into NO<sub>x</sub> emissions is achieved by multiplying the NO emissions with the NO<sub>2</sub>/ NO molar weight ratio of 46/30. This relationship also holds for NO and NO<sub>x</sub> emission factors.
  
 Table 3 shows the implied emission factors of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> for the various animal categories. These emission factors normalize emissions from an animal category as the ratio of the total emission to the respective number of animals. Table 3 shows the implied emission factors of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> for the various animal categories. These emission factors normalize emissions from an animal category as the ratio of the total emission to the respective number of animals.
  
 //Table 3: IEF for NH<sub>3</sub> & NO<sub>x</sub> from manure management// //Table 3: IEF for NH<sub>3</sub> & NO<sub>x</sub> from manure management//
-|                                  ^  1990    ^  1995    ^  2000    ^  2005    ^  2010    ^  2011    ^  2012    ^  2013    ^  2014    ^  2015    ^  2016    ^  2017    ^  2018    ^  2019    ^  2020    ^ +|                                  ^  1990    ^  1995    ^  2000    ^  2005    ^  2010    ^  2011    ^  2012    ^  2013    ^  2014    ^  2015    ^  2016    ^  2017    ^  2018    ^  2019    ^  2020    ^  2021    ^ 
-^  IEF in kg NH₃ per animal place                                                                                                                                                        |||||||||||||||| +^  IEF in kg NH₃ per animal place                                                                                                                                                                  ||||||||||||||||| 
-^ dairy cattle                     |      9.8 |     10.4 |     11.1 |     12.1 |     12.6 |     12.8 |     12.8 |     12.9 |     13.1 |     13.4 |     13.7 |     13.9 |     14.2 |     14.7 |     15.1 | +^ dairy cattle                     |      9.8 |     10.3 |     11.1 |     12.2 |     12.7 |     12.8 |     12.8 |     12.8 |     12.9 |     13.1 |     13.3 |     13.3 |     13.5 |     13.9 |     14.0 |     14.0 | 
-^ other cattle                     |      7.0 |      7.4 |      7.7 |      8.2 |      8.5 |      8.5 |      8.6 |      8.7 |      8.8 |      8.9 |      9.0 |      9.1 |      9.2 |      9.4 |      9.5 | +^ other cattle                     |      6.2 |      6.3 |      6.4 |      6.7 |      7.2 |      7.1 |      7.0 |      6.9 |      6.9 |      6.8 |      6.8 |      6.7 |      6.7 |      6.7 |      6.7 |      6.7 | 
-^ horses                           |     13.5 |     13.5 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 | +^ horses                           |     13.5 |     13.5 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 |     13.7 | 
-^ sheep                            |     0.83 |     0.82 |     0.84 |     0.83 |     0.84 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.82 |     0.83 |     0.83 | +^ sheep                            |     0.83 |     0.82 |     0.84 |     0.83 |     0.84 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.82 |     0.83 |     0.83 |     0.82 | 
-^ goats                            |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 | +^ goats                            |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 |     1.62 | 
-^ swine                            |     4.60 |     4.50 |     4.37 |     4.30 |     4.13 |     4.07 |     4.03 |     4.00 |     3.98 |     4.02 |     4.00 |     3.98 |     3.97 |     3.94 |     3.92 | +^ swine                            |     4.53 |     4.45 |     4.33 |     4.25 |     4.08 |     4.01 |     3.94 |     3.89 |     3.84 |     3.86 |     3.81 |     3.77 |     3.73 |     3.67 |     3.63 |     3.67 | 
-^ laying hens                      |    0.212 |    0.203 |    0.199 |    0.198 |    0.142 |    0.144 |    0.144 |    0.145 |    0.146 |    0.146 |    0.147 |    0.147 |    0.148 |    0.149 |    0.150 | +^ laying hens                      |    0.214 |    0.206 |    0.211 |    0.209 |    0.137 |    0.138 |    0.136 |    0.135 |    0.133 |    0.132 |    0.130 |    0.129 |    0.128 |    0.126 |    0.125 |    0.125 | 
-^ broilers                         |    0.143 |    0.120 |    0.128 |    0.131 |    0.128 |    0.118 |    0.103 |    0.092 |    0.094 |    0.094 |    0.094 |    0.093 |    0.094 |    0.092 |    0.089 | +^ broilers                         |    0.143 |    0.120 |    0.128 |    0.131 |    0.128 |    0.118 |    0.103 |    0.092 |    0.094 |    0.094 |    0.094 |    0.093 |    0.094 |    0.092 |    0.089 |    0.088 | 
-^ turkeys                          |    0.793 |    0.793 |    0.797 |    0.874 |    0.836 |    0.839 |    0.892 |    0.862 |    0.861 |    0.859 |    0.860 |    0.860 |    0.835 |    0.835 |    0.784 | +^ turkeys                          |    0.793 |    0.793 |    0.797 |    0.874 |    0.836 |    0.839 |    0.892 |    0.862 |    0.860 |    0.859 |    0.859 |    0.860 |    0.835 |    0.835 |    0.783 |    0.783 | 
-^ pullets                          |    0.103 |    0.095 |    0.087 |    0.087 |    0.084 |    0.083 |    0.083 |    0.082 |    0.082 |    0.082 |    0.083 |    0.083 |    0.084 |    0.084 |    0.084 | +^ pullets                          |    0.103 |    0.095 |    0.087 |    0.087 |    0.084 |    0.083 |    0.083 |    0.082 |    0.082 |    0.082 |    0.083 |    0.083 |    0.084 |    0.084 |    0.083 |    0.083 | 
-^ ducks                            |    0.193 |    0.193 |    0.193 |    0.192 |    0.189 |    0.188 |    0.188 |    0.186 |    0.186 |    0.185 |    0.185 |    0.186 |    0.186 |    0.186 |    0.186 | +^ ducks                            |    0.193 |    0.193 |    0.193 |    0.192 |    0.189 |    0.188 |    0.188 |    0.186 |    0.186 |    0.185 |    0.185 |    0.185 |    0.186 |    0.186 |    0.185 |    0.185 | 
-^ geese                            |    0.384 |    0.384 |    0.384 |    0.383 |    0.380 |    0.380 |    0.380 |    0.379 |    0.379 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 | +^ geese                            |    0.384 |    0.384 |    0.384 |    0.383 |    0.380 |    0.380 |    0.380 |    0.379 |    0.379 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 |    0.378 | 
-^  IEF in kg NOₓ per animal place                                                                                                                                                        |||||||||||||||| +^  IEF in kg NOₓ per animal place                                                                                                                                                                  ||||||||||||||||| 
-^ dairy cattle                     |    0.106 |    0.114 |    0.125 |    0.130 |    0.125 |    0.123 |    0.119 |    0.117 |    0.117 |    0.118 |    0.120 |    0.120 |    0.123 |    0.126 |    0.129 | +^ dairy cattle                     |    0.106 |    0.114 |    0.125 |    0.130 |    0.126 |    0.124 |    0.120 |    0.117 |    0.118 |    0.119 |    0.120 |    0.120 |    0.123 |    0.126 |    0.128 |    0.128 | 
-^ other cattle                     |    0.053 |    0.057 |    0.059 |    0.062 |    0.064 |    0.063 |    0.063 |    0.063 |    0.064 |    0.064 |    0.065 |    0.066 |    0.066 |    0.068 |    0.069 | +^ other cattle                     |    0.053 |    0.057 |    0.059 |    0.063 |    0.064 |    0.064 |    0.064 |    0.064 |    0.064 |    0.065 |    0.065 |    0.066 |    0.067 |    0.068 |    0.068 |    0.069 | 
-^ horses                           |    0.084 |    0.084 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.086 | +^ horses                           |    0.084 |    0.084 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.085 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.086 |    0.086 | 
-^ sheep                            |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 | +^ sheep                            |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 |    0.006 | 
-^ goats                            |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 | +^ goats                            |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 | 
-^ swine                            |    0.011 |    0.013 |    0.012 |    0.014 |    0.014 |    0.014 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.012 |    0.012 |    0.012 | +^ swine                            |    0.011 |    0.013 |    0.012 |    0.014 |    0.014 |    0.014 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.013 |    0.012 |    0.012 |    0.012 |    0.012 |    0.011 |    0.011 |    0.011 | 
-^ laying hens                      |  0.00027 |  0.00026 |  0.00026 |  0.00029 |  0.00035 |  0.00035 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 |  0.00034 | +^ laying hens                      |  0.00027 |  0.00026 |  0.00025 |  0.00029 |  0.00035 |  0.00035 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 |  0.00033 | 
-^ broilers                         |  0.00016 |  0.00014 |  0.00015 |  0.00018 |  0.00020 |  0.00019 |  0.00016 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 | +^ broilers                         |  0.00016 |  0.00014 |  0.00015 |  0.00018 |  0.00020 |  0.00019 |  0.00016 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 |  0.00015 | 
-^ turkeys                          |  0.00067 |  0.00067 |  0.00070 |  0.00084 |  0.00090 |  0.00091 |  0.00092 |  0.00090 |  0.00089 |  0.00089 |  0.00089 |  0.00089 |  0.00086 |  0.00085 |  0.00081 | +^ turkeys                          |  0.00067 |  0.00067 |  0.00070 |  0.00084 |  0.00090 |  0.00091 |  0.00092 |  0.00090 |  0.00089 |  0.00089 |  0.00089 |  0.00089 |  0.00086 |  0.00085 |  0.00081 |  0.00081 | 
-^ pullets                          |  0.00011 |  0.00010 |  0.00009 |  0.00010 |  0.00012 |  0.00012 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 | +^ pullets                          |  0.00011 |  0.00010 |  0.00009 |  0.00010 |  0.00012 |  0.00012 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 |  0.00011 | 
-^ ducks                            |  0.00024 |  0.00024 |  0.00024 |  0.00025 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00026 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00026 |  0.00026 | +^ ducks                            |  0.00024 |  0.00024 |  0.00024 |  0.00025 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00026 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00027 |  0.00026 |  0.00026 |  0.00026 | 
-^ geese                            |  0.00024 |  0.00024 |  0.00025 |  0.00027 |  0.00030 |  0.00030 |  0.00028 |  0.00029 |  0.00028 |  0.00029 |  0.00029 |  0.00029 |  0.00028 |  0.00028 |  0.00028 |+^ geese                            |  0.00024 |  0.00024 |  0.00025 |  0.00027 |  0.00030 |  0.00030 |  0.00028 |  0.00029 |  0.00028 |  0.00029 |  0.00029 |  0.00029 |  0.00028 |  0.00028 |  0.00028 |  0.00028 |
  
 == Trend discussion for Key Sources == == Trend discussion for Key Sources ==
-Dairy cattle, other cattle and swine are key sources of NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from manure management. The time series of the total NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from all three categories are predominantly driven by the development of the animal numbers, see Table 1. However, the effect of decreasing animal numbers is partly compensated by the continuously increasing animal performance. This leads to increasing N excretions per animal, see Table 2, which, in principle, is reflected by increasing implied emission factors, see Table 3. For swine, as of 2012, the IEF is almost constant over time due to the use of air scrubbing systems that, to a high degree, remove NH<sub>3</sub> from the housings.+Dairy cattle, other cattle and swine are key sources of NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from manure management. The time series of the total NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from all three categories are predominantly driven by the development of the animal numbers, see Table 1. However, the effect of decreasing animal numbers is partly compensated by the continuously increasing animal performance. This leads to increasing N excretions per animal, see Table 2, which, in principle, is reflected by increasing implied emission factors, see Table 3. Increasing dairy cattle emissions since 2010 are also due to a sharp decline of tied housing systems, which have a lower NH<sub>3</sub> emission factor than loose housing systems. For swine the IEF is decreasing over time due to lower raw protein contents in feed and the use of air scrubbing systems that, to a high degree, remove NH<sub>3</sub> from the housings.  
 + 
  
 For NO<sub>x</sub> there are no key categories. For NO<sub>x</sub> there are no key categories.
  
 == Recalculations == == Recalculations ==
-All time series of the emission inventory have completely been recalculated since 1990. Tables REC-1 and REC-2 compare the recalculated time series for NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> from 3B with the respective data of last year’s submission.  +All time series of the emission inventory have completely been recalculated since 1990. Tables REC-1 and REC-2 compare the recalculated time series for NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> from 3B with the respective data of last year’s submission.The total emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> are considerably lower than those of submission 2022. The main reason for this is recalculation No. 2 (deep bedding), which lowers especially the manure management emissions of other cattle (correspondingly this increases the emissions from manure spreading (3.D.a.2.a), albeit to a lesser extent). 
-The total emissions of NH<sub>3</sub>  slightly higher than those of submission 2021. The emissions from cattle are higher than in last year’s submission mainly due to the incorporation of new housing data from the 2020 agricultural census. The extent of cattle housing in tied systems, which has a lower NH<sub>3</sub> emission factor than loose housing, has decreased in the last years. The NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from swine and poultry are lower than in the 2021 submission due to the use of new data on raw protein content in fattening pig and broiler feed. See main page of the agricultural sector  + 
-([[sector:agriculture:start|Chapter 5 - NFR 3 - Agriculture (OVERVIEW)]]), list of **recalculation reasons, No. 1, 7, and 8**. + 
 +The NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from swine and poultry are lower than in the 2022 submission mainly due to the use of new data on raw protein content in fattening pig feed from the survey "Protein use in pig fattening" (recalculation No. 8). The main reason for lower poultry emissions are the changes made for the laying hens category concerning grazing and emission factors (recalculation No. 10). See main page of the agricultural sector  
 +([[sector:agriculture:start|Chapter 5 - NFR 3 - Agriculture (OVERVIEW)]]), list of **recalculation reasons, No. 2, 8, 10**.  
  
-The overall NH<sub>3</sub> emissions of other animals increased for the years 2017-2019 due to newly available figures on animal numbers of sheep and horses, see recalculations reasons No. 1 ([[sector:agriculture:start|Chapter 5 - NFR 3 - Agriculture (OVERVIEW)]]), list of **recalculation reasons, No. 1**. Further details on recalculations are described in Vos et al. (2022), Chapter 3.5.2. +Further details on recalculations are described in Rösemann et al. (2023), Chapter 1.3. 
  
-//Tables REC-1 and REC-2: Comparison of the NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions of the submissions (SUB) 2021 and 2022//+//Tables REC-1 and REC-2: Comparison of the NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions of the submissions (SUB) 2022 and 2023//
  
-^  NH₃ emissions from manure management, in Gg                                                                                                                                                 ||||||||||||||||| +^  NH₃ emissions from manure management, in Gg                                                                                                                                                          |||||||||||||||||| 
-|                                               ^  SUB   ^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2011   ^  2012   ^  2013   ^  2014   ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018   ^  2019   ^  2020   ^ +|                                               ^  SUB   ^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2011   ^  2012   ^  2013   ^  2014   ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018   ^  2019   ^  2020   ^  2021   ^ 
-^ Total                                         ^  2022  |  307.85 |  257.56 |  256.39 |  256.42 |  251.11 |  252.27 |  257.23 |  259.54 |  262.08 |  261.24 |  259.61 |  259.48 |  254.22 |  251.43 |  249.17 | +^ Total                                         ^  2023  |  296.08 |  244.15 |  242.78 |  243.08 |  238.82 |  238.18 |  241.00 |  240.92 |  240.96 |  237.93 |  234.15 |  232.03 |  225.13 |  220.63 |  216.65 |  208.39 | 
-^                                               ^  2021  |  303.26 |  256.08 |  256.91 |  257.32 |  252.88 |  253.17 |  257.21 |  258.42 |  260.03 |  256.36 |  253.73 |  252.85 |  247.20 |  243.31 |         | +^                                               ^  2022  |  307.85 |  257.56 |  256.39 |  256.42 |  251.11 |  252.27 |  257.23 |  259.54 |  262.08 |  261.24 |  259.61 |  259.48 |  254.22 |  251.43 | 249.17  |         | 
-^ Dairy cattle                                  ^  2022  |   62.19 |   54.13 |   50.82 |   51.39 |   52.87 |   53.48 |   53.79 |   55.15 |   56.27 |   57.48 |   57.79 |   58.21 |   58.22 |   58.88 |   59.09 | +^ Dairy cattle                                  ^  2023  |   62.10 |   53.93 |   50.70 |   51.58 |   53.23 |   53.55 |   53.55 |   54.58 |   55.25 |   56.01 |   55.90 |   55.84 |   55.41 |   55.63 |   54.85 |   53.81 | 
-^                                               ^  2021  |   62.19 |   54.13 |   50.81 |   51.28 |   52.71 |   52.44 |   51.86 |   52.30 |   52.48 |   52.72 |   52.10 |   51.64 |   50.74 |   50.40 |         | +^                                               ^  2022  |   62.19 |   54.13 |   50.82 |   51.39 |   52.87 |   53.48 |   53.79 |   55.15 |   56.27 |   57.48 |   57.79 |   58.21 |   58.22 |   58.88 |   59.09 |         | 
-^ Other cattle                                  ^  2022  |   91.43 |   78.85 |   76.86 |   71.97 |   73.10 |   71.17 |   71.64 |   73.40 |   74.47 |   74.55 |   74.32 |   73.70 |   72.46 |   71.69 |   70.41 | +^ Other cattle                                  ^  2023  |   81.36 |   66.68 |   63.90 |   59.07 |   61.71 |   58.81 |   58.07 |   58.48 |   58.16 |   57.19 |   55.93 |   54.46 |   52.53 |   51.02 |   49.64 |   48.55 | 
-^                                               ^  2021  |   91.39 |   78.88 |   76.79 |   71.73 |   72.48 |   69.75 |   69.39 |   70.26 |   70.48 |   69.85 |   68.90 |   67.62 |   65.85 |   64.47 |         | +^                                               ^  2022  |   91.43 |   78.85 |   76.86 |   71.97 |   73.10 |   71.17 |   71.64 |   73.40 |   74.47 |   74.55 |   74.32 |   73.70 |   72.46 |   71.69 |   70.41 |         | 
-^ Swine                                         ^  2022  |  121.81 |   91.84 |   95.23 |   97.70 |   91.92 |   92.81 |   95.19 |   93.59 |   94.09 |   92.36 |   91.07 |   91.20 |   87.44 |   85.01 |   84.75 | +^ Swine                                         ^  2023  |  120.10 |   90.66 |   94.17 |   96.65 |   90.80 |   91.28 |   93.14 |   90.97 |   90.92 |   88.61 |   86.73 |   86.30 |   82.18 |   79.34 |   78.56 |   72.41 | 
-^                                               ^  2021  |  117.12 |   89.92 |   95.08 |   98.23 |   93.21 |   94.56 |   97.47 |   96.29 |   97.28 |   94.06 |   93.26 |   93.92 |   90.54 |   88.50 |         | +^                                               ^  2022  |  121.81 |   91.84 |   95.23 |   97.70 |   91.92 |   92.81 |   95.19 |   93.59 |   94.09 |   92.36 |   91.07 |   91.20 |   87.44 |   85.01 |   84.75 |         | 
-^ poultry                                       ^  2022  |   22.84 |   21.58 |   24.10 |   25.93 |   24.79 |   26.62 |   28.46 |   29.33 |   29.25 |   28.95 |   28.64 |   28.52 |   28.22 |   27.95 |   27.00 | +^ poultry                                       ^  2023  |   22.94 |   21.72 |   24.64 |   26.35 |   24.64 |   26.36 |   28.10 |   28.83 |   28.63 |   28.23 |   27.79 |   27.58 |   27.13 |   26.73 |   25.68 |   25.64 | 
-^                                               ^  2021  |   22.96 |   21.99 |   24.87 |   26.65 |   26.06 |   28.23 |   30.34 |   31.50 |   31.80 |   31.84 |   31.68 |   31.95 |   32.45 |   32.43 |         | +^                                               ^  2022  |   22.84 |   21.58 |   24.10 |   25.93 |   24.79 |   26.62 |   28.46 |   29.33 |   29.25 |   28.95 |   28.64 |   28.52 |   28.22 |   27.95 |   27.00 |         | 
-^ Other animals                                 ^  2022  |    9.59 |   11.16 |    9.37 |    9.43 |    8.43 |    8.18 |    8.16 |    8.07 |    8.00 |    7.89 |    7.79 |    7.85 |    7.88 |    7.90 |    7.93 | +^ Other animals                                 ^  2023  |    9.59 |   11.16 |    9.37 |    9.43 |    8.43 |    8.18 |    8.16 |    8.07 |    8.00 |    7.89 |    7.79 |    7.85 |    7.88 |    7.90 |    7.93 |    7.98 | 
-^                                               ^  2021  |    9.59 |   11.16 |    9.37 |    9.43 |    8.43 |    8.18 |    8.16 |    8.07 |    8.00 |    7.89 |    7.79 |    7.72 |    7.62 |    7.51 |         |+^                                               ^  2022  |    9.59 |   11.16 |    9.37 |    9.43 |    8.43 |    8.18 |    8.16 |    8.07 |    8.00 |    7.89 |    7.79 |    7.85 |    7.88 |    7.90 |    7.93 |         |
  
-^  NOₓ emissions from manure management, in Gg                                                                                                                                  ||||||||||||||||| +^  NOₓ emissions from manure management, in Gg                                                                                                                                          |||||||||||||||||| 
-^                                               ^  SUB   ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^ +^                                               ^  SUB   ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^ 
-^ Total                                         ^  2022  |  1.731 |  1.554 |  1.516 |  1.505 |  1.487 |  1.460 |  1.439 |  1.437 |  1.444 |  1.436 |  1.427 |  1.416 |  1.393 |  1.379 |  1.365 | +^ Total                                         ^  2023  |  1.731 |  1.554 |  1.517 |  1.509 |  1.489 |  1.461 |  1.439 |  1.436 |  1.441 |  1.432 |  1.421 |  1.408 |  1.383 |  1.368 |  1.346 |  1.307 | 
-^                                               ^  2021  |  1.720 |  1.551 |  1.523 |  1.534 |  1.529 |  1.502 |  1.480 |  1.475 |  1.482 |  1.465 |  1.455 |  1.444 |  1.418 |  1.401 |        | +^                                               ^  2022  |  1.731 |  1.554 |  1.516 |  1.505 |  1.487 |  1.460 |  1.439 |  1.437 |  1.444 |  1.436 |  1.427 |  1.416 |  1.393 |  1.379 | 1.365  |        | 
-^ Dairy cattle                                  ^  2022  |  0.671 |  0.597 |  0.570 |  0.553 |  0.524 |  0.517 |  0.501 |  0.499 |  0.503 |  0.507 |  0.506 |  0.503 |  0.503 |  0.507 |  0.506 | +^ Dairy cattle                                  ^  2023  |  0.671 |  0.597 |  0.570 |  0.551 |  0.525 |  0.519 |  0.502 |  0.501 |  0.505 |  0.508 |  0.508 |  0.504 |  0.504 |  0.507 |  0.502 |  0.492 | 
-^                                               ^  2021  |  0.671 |  0.597 |  0.570 |  0.552 |  0.521 |  0.513 |  0.495 |  0.491 |  0.493 |  0.495 |  0.494 |  0.489 |  0.488 |  0.489 |        | +^                                               ^  2022  |  0.671 |  0.597 |  0.570 |  0.553 |  0.524 |  0.517 |  0.501 |  0.499 |  0.503 |  0.507 |  0.506 |  0.503 |  0.503 |  0.507 | 0.506  |        | 
-^ Other cattle                                  ^  2022  |  0.690 |  0.604 |  0.587 |  0.550 |  0.548 |  0.529 |  0.525 |  0.534 |  0.539 |  0.538 |  0.535 |  0.530 |  0.521 |  0.515 |  0.506 | +^ Other cattle                                  ^  2023  |  0.690 |  0.604 |  0.587 |  0.551 |  0.553 |  0.533 |  0.530 |  0.539 |  0.544 |  0.543 |  0.540 |  0.535 |  0.526 |  0.520 |  0.505 |  0.494 | 
-^                                               ^  2021  |  0.696 |  0.614 |  0.600 |  0.566 |  0.562 |  0.538 |  0.529 |  0.532 |  0.532 |  0.526 |  0.519 |  0.509 |  0.497 |  0.487 |        | +^                                               ^  2022  |  0.690 |  0.604 |  0.587 |  0.550 |  0.548 |  0.529 |  0.525 |  0.534 |  0.539 |  0.538 |  0.535 |  0.530 |  0.521 |  0.515 | 0.506  |        | 
-^ Swine                                         ^  2022  |  0.281 |  0.256 |  0.270 |  0.309 |  0.320 |  0.318 |  0.317 |  0.307 |  0.305 |  0.295 |  0.289 |  0.287 |  0.273 |  0.262 |  0.258 | +^ Swine                                         ^  2023  |  0.281 |  0.256 |  0.270 |  0.313 |  0.317 |  0.314 |  0.311 |  0.299 |  0.296 |  0.285 |  0.277 |  0.273 |  0.258 |  0.246 |  0.244 |  0.226 | 
-^                                               ^  2021  |  0.264 |  0.242 |  0.263 |  0.322 |  0.351 |  0.355 |  0.359 |  0.353 |  0.357 |  0.344 |  0.343 |  0.346 |  0.335 |  0.328 |        | +^                                               ^  2022  |  0.281 |  0.256 |  0.270 |  0.309 |  0.320 |  0.318 |  0.317 |  0.307 |  0.305 |  0.295 |  0.289 |  0.287 |  0.273 |  0.262 | 0.258  |        | 
-^ poultry                                       ^  2022  |  0.026 |  0.024 |  0.027 |  0.032 |  0.039 |  0.042 |  0.043 |  0.045 |  0.045 |  0.045 |  0.045 |  0.045 |  0.045 |  0.044 |  0.044 | +^ poultry                                       ^  2023  |  0.026 |  0.024 |  0.027 |  0.032 |  0.038 |  0.042 |  0.042 |  0.045 |  0.045 |  0.045 |  0.045 |  0.045 |  0.044 |  0.044 |  0.043 |  0.043 | 
-^                                               ^  2021  |  0.026 |  0.024 |  0.028 |  0.033 |  0.040 |  0.043 |  0.045 |  0.047 |  0.048 |  0.048 |  0.048 |  0.048 |  0.049 |  0.049 |        | +^                                               ^  2022  |  0.026 |  0.024 |  0.027 |  0.032 |  0.039 |  0.042 |  0.043 |  0.045 |  0.045 |  0.045 |  0.045 |  0.045 |  0.045 |  0.044 | 0.044  |        | 
-^ Other animals                                 ^  2022  |  0.063 |  0.073 |  0.062 |  0.062 |  0.055 |  0.053 |  0.053 |  0.053 |  0.052 |  0.051 |  0.051 |  0.051 |  0.051 |  0.052 |  0.052 | +^ Other animals                                 ^  2023  |  0.063 |  0.073 |  0.062 |  0.062 |  0.055 |  0.053 |  0.053 |  0.053 |  0.052 |  0.051 |  0.051 |  0.051 |  0.051 |  0.052 |  0.052 |  0.052 | 
-^                                               ^  2021  |  0.063 |  0.073 |  0.062 |  0.062 |  0.055 |  0.053 |  0.053 |  0.053 |  0.052 |  0.051 |  0.051 |  0.050 |  0.050 |  0.049 |        |+^                                               ^  2022  |  0.063 |  0.073 |  0.062 |  0.062 |  0.055 |  0.053 |  0.053 |  0.053 |  0.052 |  0.051 |  0.051 |  0.051 |  0.051 |  0.052 | 0.052  |        |
  
  
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 ===== NMVOC ===== ===== NMVOC =====
-In 2020, NMVOC emissions from manure management amount to 289.8 which is 96.9 % of total NMVOC emissions from the agricultural sector. 84.7 % originate from cattle, 4.8 % from pigs, and 9.4 % from poultry.+In 2021, NMVOC emissions from manure management amount to 281.2 kt which is 96.8 % of total NMVOC emissions from the agricultural sector. 84.6 % originate from cattle, 4.5 % from pigs, and 9.7 % from poultry. 
  
 ==== Method ==== ==== Method ====
-The Tier 2 methodology provided by EMEP (2019)-3B-28 was used to assess the NMVOC emissions from manure management for dairy cattle and other cattle. For all other animals the Tier 1 methodology (EMEP (2019)-3B-17) was used.+The Tier 2 methodology provided by EMEP (2019)-3B-28 was used to assess the NMVOC emissions from manure management for dairy cattle and other cattle. For all other animals the Tier 1 methodology (EMEP (2019)-3B-17) was used. The use of the Tier 2 methodology deliversyields NMVOC emissions which formally could be reported in the sectors 3.D.a.2.a (application of manure to soils) and 3.D.a.3 (grazing emissions). However, to be congruent with the NMVOC emissions for other animal categories, Germany reports these emissions in the NMVOC emissions reported from manure management (3.B). For the NFR codes 3.D.a.2.a  and 3.D.a.3 the key note IE is used for NMVOC emissions. 
  
 === Activity data === === Activity data ===
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 === Emission factors === === Emission factors ===
 For the Tier 2 methodology applied to dairy cattle and other cattle the following data was used: For the Tier 2 methodology applied to dairy cattle and other cattle the following data was used:
-   * gross feed intake in MJ per year, country specific data from the annual reporting of greenhouse gas emissions, see NIR 2022, Chapter 5.1.3.3, +   * gross feed intake in MJ per year, country specific data from the annual reporting of greenhouse gas emissions, see NIR 2023, Chapter 5.1.3.3, 
-   * proportion x<sub>house</sub> of the year the animals spend in the livestock building: country specific data, being equal to 1 – x<sub>graz</sub> with x<sub>graz</sub> the proportion of the year spent on pasture, see NIR 2022, Chapter 19.3.2,+   * proportion x<sub>house</sub> of the year the animals spend in the livestock building: country specific data, being equal to 1 – x<sub>graz</sub> with x<sub>graz</sub> the proportion of the year spent on pasture, see NIR 2023, Chapter 19.3.2,
    * FRAC<sub>silage</sub>: 1 as proposed by EMEP (2019)-3B-29, since silage feeding for cattle is considered dominant in Germany    * FRAC<sub>silage</sub>: 1 as proposed by EMEP (2019)-3B-29, since silage feeding for cattle is considered dominant in Germany
    * FRAC<sub>silage store</sub>: 0.25 as proposed by EMEP (2019)-3B-30 for European conditions    * FRAC<sub>silage store</sub>: 0.25 as proposed by EMEP (2019)-3B-30 for European conditions