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| sector:agriculture:manure_management:start [2022/12/14 15:41] – [Table] doering | sector:agriculture:manure_management:start [2023/05/05 10:46] (current) – [Country specifics] doering | ||
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| ^ Key Category | ^ Key Category | ||
| | 3.B.1.a | | 3.B.1.a | ||
| - | | 3.B.1.b | + | | 3.B.1.b |
| | 3.B.2 | -/- | | 3.B.2 | -/- | ||
| | 3.B.3 | -/- | | 3.B.3 | -/- | ||
| Line 38: | Line 38: | ||
| - | NO< | + | NO< |
| NMVOC emissions from category 3.B (manure management) contributed 96.8 % (281.2 kt) from total agricultural NMVOC emissions (290.6 kt). | NMVOC emissions from category 3.B (manure management) contributed 96.8 % (281.2 kt) from total agricultural NMVOC emissions (290.6 kt). | ||
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| The animal population figures used in the inventory are presented in Table 1. Buffaloes are included in the cattle population figures, mules and asses are included in the horse population figures (IE), see Rösemann et al. (2023), Chapters 2.3. In the first years after the German reunification in 1990 animal livestock decreased markedly. The head counts for cattle continued to decrease significantly until 2006/2007, followed by a more or less stable period until 2014. Since 2015 a slight decrease occurred. In 2021, dairy cattle numbers are 60.3 % of 1990 numbers, while the total population of other cattle is at 54.9 % of 1990. Swine numbers decreased until 1995 and then increased slightly. Since 2014 a new decrease occurred which became significant between 2020 and 2021 (total pig numbers were reduced by almost 9 %). In 2021 swine numbers are 74.4 % of 1990 numbers. | The animal population figures used in the inventory are presented in Table 1. Buffaloes are included in the cattle population figures, mules and asses are included in the horse population figures (IE), see Rösemann et al. (2023), Chapters 2.3. In the first years after the German reunification in 1990 animal livestock decreased markedly. The head counts for cattle continued to decrease significantly until 2006/2007, followed by a more or less stable period until 2014. Since 2015 a slight decrease occurred. In 2021, dairy cattle numbers are 60.3 % of 1990 numbers, while the total population of other cattle is at 54.9 % of 1990. Swine numbers decreased until 1995 and then increased slightly. Since 2014 a new decrease occurred which became significant between 2020 and 2021 (total pig numbers were reduced by almost 9 %). In 2021 swine numbers are 74.4 % of 1990 numbers. | ||
| - | Figures for broilers and turkeys are showing a massive increase since 1990. Since the year 2013, there have been only minor changes of total poultry numbers. In total, 2021 poultry population figures are at 152.8 % of 1990. A detailed description of the animal numbers used can be found in the National Inventory Report 2023 ((NIR, National Inventory Report 2023 for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2021. Available in April 2023)), Chapter 5.1.3.2.3. Animal numbers of rabbits, ostrich and fur-bearing animals are available only for one year of the time series, see Rösemann et al. (2017). The animal numbers in these categories are low and the animals have limited impact on the total NH3 and NOx emissions. Nonetheless, | + | Figures for broilers and turkeys are showing a massive increase since 1990. Since the year 2013, there have been only minor changes of total poultry numbers. In total, 2021 poultry population figures are at 152.8 % of 1990. A detailed description of the animal numbers used can be found in the National Inventory Report 2023 ((NIR, National Inventory Report 2023 for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2021. Available in April 2023)), Chapter 5.1.3.2.3. Animal numbers of rabbits, ostrich and fur-bearing animals are available only for one year of the time series, see Rösemann et al. (2017)((Rösemann C, Haenel H-D, Dämmgen U, Freibauer A, Döring, U, Wulf S, Eurich-Menden B, Döhler H, Schreiner C, and Osterburg B, 2017, Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German Agriculture 1990 – 2015. Report on methods and data (RMD), Submission 2017. Thünen Report 46, 423 p.)). The animal numbers in these categories are low and the animals have limited impact on the total NH3 and NOx emissions. Nonetheless, |
| //Table 1: Population of animals// | //Table 1: Population of animals// | ||
| Line 71: | Line 71: | ||
| | other animals: no data available a) ||||||||||||||| | | other animals: no data available a) ||||||||||||||| | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | a) Animal numbers of other animals are not available. Emissions of other animals were approximated with estimated population figures for a single year (see Rösemann et. al., 2017, Chapter 9, ((Rösemann C, Haenel H-D, Dämmgen U, Freibauer A, Döring, U, Wulf S, Eurich-Menden B, Döhler H, Schreiner C, and Osterburg B, 2017, Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German Agriculture 1990 – 2015. Report on methods and data (RMD), Submission 2017. Thünen Report 46, 423 p.)) and submitted to the TERT of the NECD-Review. The TERT confirmed that emissions are below the threshold of significance. For GHG emission reporting the UNFCCC has acknowledged that the emissions from Germany' | + | a) Animal numbers of other animals are not available. Emissions of other animals were approximated with estimated population figures for a single year (see Rösemann et. al., 2017, Chapter 9, and submitted to the TERT of the NECD-Review. The TERT confirmed that emissions are below the threshold of significance. For GHG emission reporting the UNFCCC has acknowledged that the emissions from Germany' |
| ---- | ---- | ||
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| //Tables REC-1 and REC-2: Comparison of the NH< | //Tables REC-1 and REC-2: Comparison of the NH< | ||
| - | ^ NH₃ emissions from manure management, in Gg | | | + | ^ NH₃ emissions from manure management, in Gg |||||||||||||||||| |
| | | | | ||
| ^ Total | ^ Total | ||
| Line 228: | Line 228: | ||
| ^ | ^ | ||
| - | ^ NOₓ emissions from manure management, in Gg ||||||||||||||||| | + | ^ NOₓ emissions from manure management, in Gg |||||||||||||||||| |
| - | ^ | + | ^ |
| - | ^ Total | + | ^ Total |
| - | ^ | + | ^ |
| - | ^ Dairy cattle | + | ^ Dairy cattle |
| - | ^ | + | ^ |
| - | ^ Other cattle | + | ^ Other cattle |
| - | ^ | + | ^ |
| - | ^ Swine | + | ^ Swine |
| - | ^ | + | ^ |
| - | ^ poultry | + | ^ poultry |
| - | ^ | + | ^ |
| - | ^ Other animals | + | ^ Other animals |
| - | ^ | + | ^ |
| Line 249: | Line 249: | ||
| ===== NMVOC ===== | ===== NMVOC ===== | ||
| - | In 2020, NMVOC emissions from manure management amount to 289.8 which is 96.9 % of total NMVOC emissions from the agricultural sector. 84.7 % originate from cattle, 4.8 % from pigs, and 9.4 % from poultry. | + | In 2021, NMVOC emissions from manure management amount to 281.2 kt which is 96.8 % of total NMVOC emissions from the agricultural sector. 84.6 % originate from cattle, 4.5 % from pigs, and 9.7 % from poultry. |
| ==== Method ==== | ==== Method ==== | ||
| - | The Tier 2 methodology provided by EMEP (2019)-3B-28 was used to assess the NMVOC emissions from manure management for dairy cattle and other cattle. For all other animals the Tier 1 methodology (EMEP (2019)-3B-17) was used. | + | The Tier 2 methodology provided by EMEP (2019)-3B-28 was used to assess the NMVOC emissions from manure management for dairy cattle and other cattle. For all other animals the Tier 1 methodology (EMEP (2019)-3B-17) was used. The use of the Tier 2 methodology deliversyields NMVOC emissions which formally could be reported in the sectors 3.D.a.2.a (application of manure to soils) and 3.D.a.3 (grazing emissions). However, to be congruent with the NMVOC emissions for other animal categories, Germany reports these emissions in the NMVOC emissions reported from manure management (3.B). For the NFR codes 3.D.a.2.a |
| === Activity data === | === Activity data === | ||
| Line 259: | Line 259: | ||
| === Emission factors === | === Emission factors === | ||
| For the Tier 2 methodology applied to dairy cattle and other cattle the following data was used: | For the Tier 2 methodology applied to dairy cattle and other cattle the following data was used: | ||
| - | * gross feed intake in MJ per year, country specific data from the annual reporting of greenhouse gas emissions, see NIR 2022, Chapter 5.1.3.3, | + | * gross feed intake in MJ per year, country specific data from the annual reporting of greenhouse gas emissions, see NIR 2023, Chapter 5.1.3.3, |
| - | * proportion x< | + | * proportion x< |
| * FRAC< | * FRAC< | ||
| * FRAC< | * FRAC< | ||
| Line 266: | Line 266: | ||
| * EF< | * EF< | ||
| - | For all other animal categories the Tier 1 emission factors for NMVOC were used as provided in EMEP (2019)-3B-18, | + | For all other animal categories the Tier 1 emission factors for NMVOC were used as provided in EMEP (2019)-3B-18, |
| The implied emission factors given in Table 4 relate the overall NMVOC emissions to the number of animals in each animal category. The IEFs for dairy cattle and other cattle are much higher than the EMEP Tier 1 EF, which are 17.937 kg NMVOC for dairy cattle and 8.902 kg NMVOC for other cattle. The only possible explanation for those huge differences is that the EMEP Tier 2 and Tier 1 methods are not consistent. | The implied emission factors given in Table 4 relate the overall NMVOC emissions to the number of animals in each animal category. The IEFs for dairy cattle and other cattle are much higher than the EMEP Tier 1 EF, which are 17.937 kg NMVOC for dairy cattle and 8.902 kg NMVOC for other cattle. The only possible explanation for those huge differences is that the EMEP Tier 2 and Tier 1 methods are not consistent. | ||
| Line 275: | Line 275: | ||
| - | ^ IEF in kg NMVOC per animal place | + | ^ IEF in kg NMVOC per animal place ||||||||||||||||| |
| - | ^ ^ 1990 | + | ^ ^ 1990 |
| - | ^ dairy cattle | + | ^ dairy cattle |
| - | ^ other cattle | + | ^ other cattle |
| - | ^ horses | + | ^ horses |
| - | ^ sheep | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.132 | 0.132 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.131 | | + | ^ sheep | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.132 | 0.132 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.131 | |
| - | ^ goats | 0.542 | 0.542 | 0.542 | 0.542 | 0.542 | 0.542 | 0.542 | 0.542 | 0.542 | 0.542 | 0.542 | 0.542 | 0.542 | 0.542 | 0.542 | | + | ^ goats |
| - | ^ swine | 0.695 | 0.698 | 0.690 | 0.682 | 0.669 | 0.663 | 0.656 | 0.654 | 0.652 | 0.651 | 0.649 | 0.648 | 0.648 | 0.648 | 0.642 | | + | ^ swine | 0.695 | 0.698 | 0.690 | 0.682 | 0.669 | 0.663 | 0.656 | 0.654 | 0.652 | 0.651 | 0.649 | 0.648 | 0.648 | 0.648 | |
| - | ^ laying hens | 0.165 | 0.165 | 0.165 | 0.165 | 0.165 | 0.165 | 0.165 | 0.165 | 0.165 | 0.165 | 0.165 | 0.165 | 0.165 | 0.165 | 0.165 | | + | ^ laying hens |
| - | ^ broilers | + | ^ broilers |
| - | ^ turkeys | + | ^ turkeys |
| - | ^ pullets | + | ^ pullets |
| - | ^ ducks | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | | + | ^ ducks |
| - | ^ geese | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | 0.489 | | + | ^ geese |
| === Trend discussion for Key Sources === | === Trend discussion for Key Sources === | ||
| - | Dairy cattle and other cattle are key sources of NMVOC emissions from manure management. The total NMVOC emissions from both animal categories strongly correlate with the animal numbers given in Table 1 (dairy cattle: R² = 0.887; other cattle: R² = 0.998). | + | Dairy cattle and other cattle are key sources of NMVOC emissions from manure management. The total NMVOC emissions from both animal categories strongly correlate with the animal numbers given in Table 1 (dairy cattle: R² = 0.867; other cattle: R² = 0.993). |
| === Recalculations === | === Recalculations === | ||
| - | All time series of the emission inventory have completely been recalculated since 1990. Table REC-3 compares the recalculated time series of the NMVOC emissions from 3.B with the respective data of last year’s submission. The recalculated total emissions are slightly lower in some years and skightly higher in other years. This is due to improved methodology for the suckler cows (**recalculation reason | + | All time series of the emission inventory have completely been recalculated since 1990. Table REC-3 compares the recalculated time series of the NMVOC emissions from 3.B with the respective data of last year’s submission. The recalculated total emissions are slightly lower for dairy cattle |
| + | For other animals there are no differences. Further details on recalculations are described in Rösemann | ||
| - | //Table REC-3: Comparison of NMVOC emissions of the submissions (SUB) 2021 and 2022// | ||
| - | ^ NMVOC emissions from manure management, in Gg ||||||||||||||||| | + | //Table REC-3: Comparison of NMVOC emissions of the submissions (SUB) 2022 and 2023// |
| - | ^ | + | |
| - | ^ Total | + | ^ NMVOC emissions from manure management, in Gg |||||||||||||||||| |
| - | ^ | + | ^ |
| - | ^ Dairy cattle | + | ^ Total |
| - | ^ | + | ^ |
| - | ^ Other cattle | + | ^ Dairy cattle |
| - | ^ | + | ^ |
| - | ^ Other animals | + | ^ Other cattle |
| - | ^ | + | ^ |
| + | ^ Other animals | ||
| + | ^ | ||
| === Planned improvements === | === Planned improvements === | ||
| Line 314: | Line 316: | ||
| ===== TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 ===== | ===== TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 ===== | ||
| - | In 2020, TSP emissions from manure management amount to 71.3 % of total emissions from the agricultural sector. Within the emissions from manure management | + | In 2021, TSP emissions from manure management amount to 60.6 % of total emissions from the agricultural sector. Within the emissions from manure management |
| ==== Method ==== | ==== Method ==== | ||
| - | EMEP (2013-3B-26) provided a Tier 2 methodology. In the current Guidebook (EMEP, 2019), this methodology has been replaced by a Tier 1 methodology. However, EF for cattle derived with the EMEP 2013 Tier 2 methodology remained unchanged. | + | EMEP (2013-3B-26) provided a Tier 2 methodology. In the current Guidebook (EMEP, 2019), this methodology has been replaced by a Tier 1 methodology. However, EF for cattle derived with the EMEP 2013 Tier 2 methodology remained unchanged. |
| - | The inventory considers air scrubber systems in swine and poultry husbandry. For animal places equipped with air scrubbing the emission factors are reduced according to the removal efficiency of the air scrubber systems (90 % for TSP and PM< | + | The inventory considers air scrubber systems in swine and poultry husbandry. For animal places equipped with air scrubbing the emission factors are reduced according to the removal efficiency of the air scrubber systems (90 % for TSP and PM< |
| === Activity data === | === Activity data === | ||
| Line 330: | Line 332: | ||
| //Table 5: IEF for TSP, PM< | //Table 5: IEF for TSP, PM< | ||
| - | ^ | + | ^ |
| - | | **IEF in kg TSP per animal place** | + | | **IEF in kg TSP per animal place** |
| - | ^ dairy cattle | + | ^ dairy cattle |
| - | ^ other cattle | + | ^ other cattle |
| - | ^ horses | + | ^ horses |
| - | ^ sheep | + | ^ sheep |
| - | ^ goats | + | ^ goats | 0.0914 |
| - | ^ swine | + | ^ swine |
| - | ^ laying hens | + | ^ laying hens |
| - | ^ broilers | + | ^ broilers |
| - | ^ turkeys | + | ^ turkeys |
| - | ^ pullets | + | ^ pullets |
| - | ^ ducks | + | ^ ducks | 0.1400 |
| - | ^ geese | + | ^ geese | 0.2400 |
| - | | **IEF in kg PM< | + | | **IEF in kg PM< |
| - | ^ dairy cattle | + | ^ dairy cattle |
| - | ^ other cattle | + | ^ other cattle |
| - | ^ horses | + | ^ horses |
| - | ^ sheep | + | ^ sheep |
| - | ^ goats | + | ^ goats | 0.0368 |
| - | ^ swine | + | ^ swine |
| - | ^ laying hens | + | ^ laying hens |
| - | ^ broilers | + | ^ broilers |
| - | ^ turkeys | + | ^ turkeys |
| - | ^ pullets | + | ^ pullets |
| - | ^ ducks | + | ^ ducks | 0.1400 |
| - | ^ geese | + | ^ geese | 0.2400 |
| - | | **IEF in kg PM< | + | | **IEF in kg PM< |
| - | ^ dairy cattle | + | ^ dairy cattle |
| - | ^ other cattle | + | ^ other cattle |
| - | ^ horses | + | ^ horses |
| - | ^ sheep | + | ^ sheep |
| - | ^ goats | + | ^ goats | 0.0112 |
| - | ^ swine | + | ^ swine |
| - | ^ laying hens | + | ^ laying hens |
| - | ^ broilers | + | ^ broilers |
| - | ^ turkeys | + | ^ turkeys |
| - | ^ pullets | + | ^ pullets |
| - | ^ ducks | + | ^ ducks | 0.0180 |
| - | ^ geese | + | ^ geese | 0.0320 |
| ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources ==== | ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources ==== | ||
| - | Swine and laying hens are key sources of TSP emissions from manure management. The total TSP emissions from swine mainly follow the animal numbers given in Table 1. However, due to air scrubbing and different emission factors of the different housing systems of the four swine subcategories (sows with piglets, weaners, fattening pigs, boars) and the varying population shares in those housing systems the R< | + | Swine and laying hens are key sources of TSP emissions from manure management. The total TSP emissions from swine mainly follow the animal numbers given in Table 1 for the earlier years of the time series. However, due to increases in places equipped with air scrubbing and different emission factors of the different housing systems of the four swine subcategories (sows with piglets, weaners, fattening pigs, boars) and the varying population shares in those housing systems the R< |
| ==== Recalculations ==== | ==== Recalculations ==== | ||
| - | Table REC-4 shows the effects of recalculations on emissions of particulate matter. | + | Table REC-4 shows the effects of recalculations on emissions of particulate matter. |
| - | //Table REC-4: Comparison of particle emissions (TSP, PM< | + | //Table REC-4: Comparison of particle emissions (TSP, PM< |
| - | ^ TSP, PM10, PM2.5 emissions from manure management, in Gg ||||||||||||||||| | + | ^ TSP, PM10, PM2.5 emissions from manure management, in Gg |||||||||||||||||| |
| - | ^ ^ SUB | + | ^ ^ SUB |
| - | ^ TSP ^ | + | ^ TSP ^ |
| - | ^ TSP ^ | + | ^ TSP ^ |
| - | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
| - | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
| - | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
| - | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
| <WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
| - | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general: | + | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general: |
| </ | </ | ||
| ===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||