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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:stationary_small_combustion:commercial_institutional [2021/01/15 19:32] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:stationary_small_combustion:commercial_institutional [2023/04/13 12:57] – [Activity data] niebuhr | ||
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===== Short description ===== | ===== Short description ===== | ||
- | [[f> | + | {{ : |
The source category //1.A.4.a.i - Commercial and Institutional: | The source category //1.A.4.a.i - Commercial and Institutional: | ||
+ | ^ Category Code ^ Method | ||
+ | | 1.A.4.a.i | ||
+ | ^ ^ NO< | ||
+ | | Key Category: | ||
- | ^ Method | + | {{page> |
- | | T2, T3 | NS | CS, D | **L & T**: NMVOC, CO, Pb, PCDD/F, TSP; **L**: PAH, PM< | + | |
===== Methodology ===== | ===== Methodology ===== | ||
- | === Activity data === | + | ==== Activity data ==== |
- | For further information on activity data please refer to the [[sector: | + | For further information on activity data please refer to the [[sector: |
- | === Emission factors === | + | ==== Emission factors |
For further information on the emission factors applied please refer to the [[sector: | For further information on the emission factors applied please refer to the [[sector: | ||
__Table 1: Emission factors for commercial and institutional combustion installations__ | __Table 1: Emission factors for commercial and institutional combustion installations__ | ||
- | ||= **Pollutant** ||~ NO,,x,, ||~ SO,,x,, ||~ CO ||~ NMVOC ||~ TSP ||~ PM,,10,, ||~ PM,,2.5,, ||~ PAH ||~ PCDD/ | + | | |
- | ||= **Fuel** ||||||||||||||= | + | | |
- | ||~ Hard Coal ||> 89.8 ||> 331.7 ||> 2,162 ||> 30.3 ||> 18.5 ||> 17.6 ||> 15.7 ||> 60,000 ||> 16.3 || | + | ^ Hard Coal | |
- | ||~ Residual Wood ||> 92.7 ||> 8.2 ||> 931.5 ||> 66.8 ||> 46.5 ||> 44.6 ||> 40.0 ||> 430,000 ||> 355.3 || | + | ^ Residual Wood | |
- | ||~ Light Heating Oil ||> 43.7 ||> 3.3 ||> 11.9 ||> 2.3 ||> 1.0 ||> 1.0 ||> 1.0 ||> 160.7 ||> 2.7 || | + | ^ Light Heating Oil | |
- | ||~ Natural Gas ||> 22.0 ||> 0.1 ||> 12.0 ||> 0.4 ||> 0.03 ||> 0.03 ||> 0.03 ||> 40.0 ||> 1.6 || | + | ^ Natural Gas | |
TSP and PM emission factors are to a large extend based on measurements without condensed compounds, according to CEN-TS 15883, annex I. | TSP and PM emission factors are to a large extend based on measurements without condensed compounds, according to CEN-TS 15883, annex I. | ||
PAH measurement data contain the following individual substances: Benzo(a)pyrene, | PAH measurement data contain the following individual substances: Benzo(a)pyrene, | ||
- | + __Trend | + | ===== Trend Discussion for Key Sources ===== |
The following charts give an overview and assistance for explaining dominant emission trends of selected pollutants. | The following charts give an overview and assistance for explaining dominant emission trends of selected pollutants. | ||
- | ++ Fuel Consumption | + | ==== Fuel Consumption |
- | + | {{: | |
- | [[gallery size=" | + | {{:sector: |
- | : 1A4ai_AR_L.PNG | + | {{:sector: |
- | : 1A4ai_AR_HC.PNG | + | {{:sector: |
- | : 1A4ai_AR_OG.PNG | + | |
- | : 1A4ai_AR_Bio.png | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
Annual fluctuations of all fuel types in source category //1.A.4// depend on heat demand subject to winter temperatures. From 1990 to the present time, fuel use changed considerably from coal & lignite to natural gas. The consumption of light heating oil decreased as well. As the activity data for light heating oil is based on the sold amount, it fluctuates due to fuel prices and changing storage amounts. | Annual fluctuations of all fuel types in source category //1.A.4// depend on heat demand subject to winter temperatures. From 1990 to the present time, fuel use changed considerably from coal & lignite to natural gas. The consumption of light heating oil decreased as well. As the activity data for light heating oil is based on the sold amount, it fluctuates due to fuel prices and changing storage amounts. | ||
- | The remarkable decrease of hard coal consumption in 2012 is caused by a change in statistics (data source). It's planned to revise the NEB back to 2003 in order to assure time series consistency. | + | The remarkable decrease of hard coal consumption in 2012 is caused by a change in statistics (data source). |
- | ++ Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds - NMVOC and Carbon monoxide - CO | + | ==== Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds - NMVOC and Carbon monoxide - CO ==== |
- | [[gallery size=" | + | {{: |
- | : 1A4ai_EM_NMVOC.png | + | {{:sector: |
- | : 1A4ai_EM_CO.PNG | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
Main driver of the NMVOC and CO emission trends is the decreasing lignite consumption: | Main driver of the NMVOC and CO emission trends is the decreasing lignite consumption: | ||
- | ++ Particulate Matter - PM,,2.5,, & PM,, | + | ==== Particulate Matter - PM2.5 & PM10 & TSP ==== |
- | [[gallery size=" | + | {{:sector: |
- | : 1A4ai_EM_PM2.5.PNG | + | {{: |
- | : 1A4ai_EM_PM10.png | + | {{:sector: |
- | : 1A4ai_EM_TSP.PNG | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
- | The emission trends for PM,,2.5,,, PM,,10,,, and TSP are also influenced severely by decreasing coal consumption in small combustion plants, particularly in the period from 1990 to 1994. Since 1995 the emission trend hardly changed. Increasing emissions in the last years are caused by the rising wood combustion. | + | The emission trends for PM<sub>2.5</ |
- | ++ Persistent Organic Pollutants | + | ==== Persistent Organic Pollutants ==== |
- | [[gallery size=" | + | {{:sector: |
- | : 1A4ai_EM_PCDDF.PNG | + | {{:sector: |
- | : 1A4ai_EM_PAH.PNG | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
The main driver of the POPs emission trend are coal and fuel-wood. PCDD/F emissions decrease from 1990 to 2003 due to decreasing lignite consumption. The use of firewood and therefore PCDD/F emissions from wood combustion show a constant development. | The main driver of the POPs emission trend are coal and fuel-wood. PCDD/F emissions decrease from 1990 to 2003 due to decreasing lignite consumption. The use of firewood and therefore PCDD/F emissions from wood combustion show a constant development. | ||
- | + __Recalculations__ | + | ===== Recalculations ===== |
- | Recalculations were necessary for the latest reference year (2017) | + | Recalculations were necessary for 2020 due to the implementation |
+ | |||
+ | Furthermore, | ||
- | > For specific **information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2017**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[[recalculations | 8.1 - Recalculations]]]. | ||
- | + __Planned improvements__ | + | <WRAP center round info 65%> |
+ | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | There is a running Project on new emission factors for small combustion plants using updated data from chimney sweepers and new measurement data. |