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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:stationary_small_combustion:commercial_institutional [2023/04/12 18:05] – [Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds - NMVOC and Carbon monoxide - CO] kludtsector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:stationary_small_combustion:commercial_institutional [2023/04/19 11:29] (current) – [Recalculations] niebuhr
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 ==== Activity data ==== ==== Activity data ====
  
-For further information on activity data please refer to the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:stationary_small_combustion |superordinte chapter]] on small stationary combustion.+For further information on activity data please refer to the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:stationary_small_combustion |superordinate chapter]] on small stationary combustion.
  
 ==== Emission factors ==== ==== Emission factors ====
  
-For further information on the emission factors applied please refer to the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:stationary_small_combustion |superordinte chapter]] on small stationary combustion.+For further information on the emission factors applied please refer to the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:stationary_small_combustion |superordinate chapter]] on small stationary combustion.
  
 __Table 1: Emission factors for commercial and institutional combustion installations__ __Table 1: Emission factors for commercial and institutional combustion installations__
-|                    ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  SO<sub>x</sub>  ^  CO    ^  NMVOC  ^  TSP  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PAH     ^  PCDD/F   ^ +|                    ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  SO<sub>x</sub>  ^  CO    ^  NMVOC  ^  TSP  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PAH      ^  PCDD/F   ^ 
-|                    ^  [kg/TJ]                                                                                          ||||||^  Fuel    ^  [kg/TJ]  ^ +|                    ^  [kg/TJ]                                                                                          ||||||^  [mg/TJ]  ^  [kg/TJ]  ^ 
-^ Hard Coal          |             89.8 |            331.7 |  2,162 |    30.3 |  18.5 |              17.6 |               15.7 |   19,215 |      16.3 | +^ Hard Coal          |             89.8 |            331.7 |  2,162 |    30.3 |  18.5 |              17.6 |               15.7 |    19,215 |      16.3 | 
-^ Residual Wood      |             92.7 |              8.2 |  931.5 |    66.8 |  46.5 |              44.6 |               40.0 |  144,957 |     355.3 | +^ Residual Wood      |             92.7 |              8.2 |  931.5 |    66.8 |  46.5 |              44.6 |               40.0 |   144,957 |     355.3 | 
-^ Light Heating Oil  |             43.7 |              3.3 |   11.9 |     2.3 |   1.0 |               1.0 |                1.0 |    20.15 |       2.7 | +^ Light Heating Oil  |             43.7 |              3.3 |   11.9 |     2.3 |   1.0 |               1.0 |                1.0 |     20.15 |       2.7 | 
-^ Natural Gas        |             22.0 |              0.1 |   12.0 |     0.4 |  0.03 |              0.03 |               0.03 |     3.08 |       1.6 |+^ Natural Gas        |             22.0 |              0.1 |   12.0 |     0.4 |  0.03 |              0.03 |               0.03 |      3.08 |       1.6 |
  
 TSP and PM emission factors are to a large extend based on measurements without condensed compounds, according to CEN-TS 15883, annex I. TSP and PM emission factors are to a large extend based on measurements without condensed compounds, according to CEN-TS 15883, annex I.
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 ==== Particulate Matter - PM2.5 & PM10 & TSP ==== ==== Particulate Matter - PM2.5 & PM10 & TSP ====
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_em_pm2.5.png?400|Annual PM2.5 emissions in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}} +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_em_pm2.5.png?800|Annual PM2.5 emissions in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}} 
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_em_pm10.png?400|Annual PM10 emissions in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}} +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_em_pm10.png?800|Annual PM10 emissions in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}} 
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_em_tsp.png?400|Annual TSP emissions in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}}+{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_em_tsp.png?800|Annual TSP emissions in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}}
  
 The emission trends for PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, and TSP are also influenced severely by decreasing coal consumption in small combustion plants, particularly in the period from 1990 to 1994. Since 1995 the emission trend hardly changed. Increasing emissions in the last years are caused by the rising wood combustion.     The emission trends for PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, and TSP are also influenced severely by decreasing coal consumption in small combustion plants, particularly in the period from 1990 to 1994. Since 1995 the emission trend hardly changed. Increasing emissions in the last years are caused by the rising wood combustion.    
  
 ==== Persistent Organic Pollutants ==== ==== Persistent Organic Pollutants ====
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_em_pcddf.png?400|Annual PCDD/F emissions in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}} +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_em_pcddf.png?800|Annual PCDD/F emissions in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}} 
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_em_pah.png?400|Annual PAH emissions in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}}+{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_em_pah.png?800|Annual PAH emissions in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}}
  
 The main driver of the POPs emission trend are coal and fuel-wood. PCDD/F emissions decrease from 1990 to 2003 due to decreasing lignite consumption. The use of firewood and therefore PCDD/F emissions from wood combustion show a constant development. The main driver of the POPs emission trend are coal and fuel-wood. PCDD/F emissions decrease from 1990 to 2003 due to decreasing lignite consumption. The use of firewood and therefore PCDD/F emissions from wood combustion show a constant development.
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 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
  
-Recalculations were necessary for 2020 due to the implementation of the now finalised National Energy Balance.  +Recalculations for 2020 were necessary due to the implementation of the now finalised National Energy Balance. For the years 2005 to 2020 changes in the activity data for solid biomass and paraffin oil (only 2019) made recalculations necessary.
- +
-Furthermore, compared to submission 2021, PAH emissions have been recalculated for all small combustion sources due to a revision of emission factors applied.+