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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:start [2021/04/10 10:10] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:start [2023/02/01 13:21] (current) – kotzulla | ||
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===== Methodology ===== | ===== Methodology ===== | ||
- | === Activity data === | + | ==== Activity data ==== |
- | Basically, total inland fuel deliveries are available from the National Energy Balances (NEBs) (AGEB, | + | Basically, total inland fuel deliveries are available from the National Energy Balances (NEBs) (AGEB, |
- | Based upon these primary activity data, specific consumption data for the different types of road vehicles are generated within TREMOD [((bibcite 3))]. | + | Based upon these primary activity data, specific consumption data for the different types of road vehicles are generated within TREMOD [(KNOERR2022a)]. |
<WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
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- | === Emission factors === | + | ==== Emission factors |
- | The majority of emissions factors for exhaust emissions from road transport are taken from the ' | + | The majority of emissions factors for exhaust emissions from road transport are taken from the ' |
<WRAP center round info 100%> | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
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As it is not possible to present these tier3 values in a comprehendible way, the NFR sub-chapters linked above provide sets of fuel-specific implied emission factors instead. | As it is not possible to present these tier3 values in a comprehendible way, the NFR sub-chapters linked above provide sets of fuel-specific implied emission factors instead. | ||
- | For heavy-metal (other then lead from leaded gasoline) and PAH exhaust-emissions, | + | For heavy-metal (other then lead from leaded gasoline) and PAH exhaust-emissions, |
- | Regarding PCDD/F, tier1 EF from (Rentz et al., 2008) [((bibcite 6))] are used instead. | + | Regarding PCDD/F, tier1 EF from (Rentz et al., 2008) [(RENTZ2008)] are used instead. |
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
+ | For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | ||
+ | </ | ||
===== Trends of exhaust emissions from road transport vehicles ===== | ===== Trends of exhaust emissions from road transport vehicles ===== | ||
+ | |||
For **ammonia emissions**, | For **ammonia emissions**, | ||
- | The observed trends for **NO,,x,,, NMVOC and CO emissions** represent the changes in legislatory emission limits and the regarding implementation of mitigation technologies. | + | The observed trends for **NO<sub>x</ |
+ | The following table provides an overview of the implemetation of Euro norms in Germany. | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Table 1: Overview of Euro norms adn their implementation in Germany__ | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | ^ PASSENGER CARS & LIGHT-DUYT VEHICLES: DIESEL | ||
+ | ^ Euro Norm 1 | ||
+ | ^ Euro 2 | since 01. Januar 1996 | since 01. Januar 1997 | NEFZ | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 3 | since 01. Januar 2000 | since 01. Januar 2001 | NEFZ | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 4 | since 01. Januar 2005 | since 01. Januar 2006 | NEFZ | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 5a[(EURLex2007)] | ||
+ | ^ Euro 5b | ||
+ | ^ Euro 6b[(EURLex2007)] | ||
+ | ^ Euro 6c | since 01. September 2017 | since 01. September 2018 | WLTC | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 6d-Temp | ||
+ | ^ Euro 6d | ||
+ | ^ Euro 6d-ISC-FCM | ||
+ | ^ PASSENGER CARS & LIGHT-DUYT VEHICLES: GASOLINE | ||
+ | ^ Abgasnorm Euro 1 | since 01. Juli 1992 | since 01. Januar 1993 | NEFZ | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 2 | since 01. Januar 1996 | since 01. Januar 1997 | NEFZ | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 3 | since 01. Januar 2000 | since 01. Januar 2001 | NEFZ | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 4 | since 01. Januar 2005 | since 01. Januar 2006 | NEFZ | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 5a [(EURLex2007)] | ||
+ | ^ Euro 6b [(EURLex2007)] | ||
+ | ^ Euro 6c | ||
+ | ^ Euro 6d-Temp | ||
+ | ^ Euro 6d | ||
+ | ^ Euro 6d-ISC-FCM | ||
+ | ^ MOPEDS | ||
+ | ^ Euro 1 | since 17. Juni 1999 | | ECE R47 | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 2 | since 17. Juni 2002 | | ECE R47 | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 4 | since 01. Januar 2017 | since 01. Januar 2018 | ECE R47 | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 5 | since 01. Januar 2020 | since 01. Januar 2021 | WMTC | | ||
+ | ^ MOTORCYCLES | ||
+ | ^ Euro 1 | since 17. Juni 1999 | | ECE R47 | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 2 | since 17. Juni 2002 | | ECE R47 | | ||
+ | ^ BUSES & TRUCKS | ||
+ | ^ Euro I | 01. Jan 92 | | ESC R-49 | | ||
+ | ^ Euro II | ||
+ | ^ Euro III | 01. Okt 00 | | ESC& | ||
+ | ^ Euro IV | ||
+ | ^ Euro V | 01. Okt 08 | | ESC& | ||
+ | ^ Euro VI [(EURLex2009)] | ||
- | Trends for **sulphur dioxide** | + | Trends for **sulphur dioxide** show charcteristics very different from those shown above. |
- | Here, the strong dependence on increasing fuel qualities leads to an cascaded downward trend of **SO,,2,, emissions**, | + | Here, the strong dependence on increasing fuel qualities leads to an cascaded downward trend of **SO<sub>2</ |
The following table provides the development of sulphur contents over the years for Old (OGL) and New German Länder (NGL) and Germany (GER). | The following table provides the development of sulphur contents over the years for Old (OGL) and New German Länder (NGL) and Germany (GER). | ||
- | __Table | + | __Table |
^ Area covered | ^ Area covered | ||
| EAST GERMANY (DDR) | until 1988 | | EAST GERMANY (DDR) | until 1988 | ||
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| ::: | | ::: | ||
- | For **exhaust particulate matter emissions** from diesel road vehicles, the party assumes that nearly all particles emitted are within the PM,,2.5,, range, resulting in similar emission values for PM,,2.5,,, PM,,10,,, and TSP. | + | For **exhaust particulate matter emissions** from diesel road vehicles, the party assumes that nearly all particles emitted are within the PM<sub>2.5</ |
Excumptions from this assumption can be observed for gasoline road vehicles for the years until 1997 when **additional TSP emissions** resulted **from the use of leaded gasoline** that was banned in 1997. | Excumptions from this assumption can be observed for gasoline road vehicles for the years until 1997 when **additional TSP emissions** resulted **from the use of leaded gasoline** that was banned in 1997. | ||
- | Furthermore, | + | Furthermore, |
+ | |||
+ | For **Heavy Metals** and **PAHs**, emissions are calculated with tier1 default EF from [(EMEPEEA2019)] resulting in trends that simply reflect the annual fuel consumption. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{sector: | ||
- | For **Heavy Metals** and **PAHs**, emissions are calculated with tier1 default EF from [((bibcite 5))] resulting in trends that simply reflect the annual fuel consumption. | ||
Here, the only excumption are **lead emissions from leaded gasoline** that was in use until 1996 with lead contents provided in the table below: | Here, the only excumption are **lead emissions from leaded gasoline** that was in use until 1996 with lead contents provided in the table below: | ||
- | __Table | + | __Table |
^ Area covered | ^ Area covered | ||
| EAST GERMANY (GDR) | 1989-1990 | | EAST GERMANY (GDR) | 1989-1990 | ||
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Recalculations of exhaust-emissions are mainly based on annual routine revisions of the underlying TREMOD model. For more information, | Recalculations of exhaust-emissions are mainly based on annual routine revisions of the underlying TREMOD model. For more information, | ||
- | [(KNOERR2020a> Knörr et al. (2020a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: | + | [(AGEB2022> |
+ | [(BAFA2022> | ||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | [(MWV2021> | ||
+ | [(KNOERR2022a> Knörr et al. (2022a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: | ||
[(KELLER2017> | [(KELLER2017> | ||
[(EMEPEEA2019> | [(EMEPEEA2019> | ||
[(RENTZ2008> | [(RENTZ2008> | ||
+ | [(EURLex2007> | ||
+ | [(EURLex2009> | ||
+ |