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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:start [2021/04/15 08:10] – [Emission factors] kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:start [2023/02/01 13:21] (current) – kotzulla | ||
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==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
- | Basically, total inland fuel deliveries are available from the National Energy Balances (NEBs) (AGEB, | + | Basically, total inland fuel deliveries are available from the National Energy Balances (NEBs) (AGEB, |
- | Based upon these primary activity data, specific consumption data for the different types of road vehicles are generated within TREMOD [(KNOERR2020a)]. | + | Based upon these primary activity data, specific consumption data for the different types of road vehicles are generated within TREMOD [(KNOERR2022a)]. |
<WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
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==== Emission factors ==== | ==== Emission factors ==== | ||
- | The majority of emissions factors for exhaust emissions from road transport are taken from the ' | + | The majority of emissions factors for exhaust emissions from road transport are taken from the ' |
<WRAP center round info 100%> | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
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For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | ||
</ | </ | ||
+ | |||
===== Trends of exhaust emissions from road transport vehicles ===== | ===== Trends of exhaust emissions from road transport vehicles ===== | ||
+ | |||
For **ammonia emissions**, | For **ammonia emissions**, | ||
- | The observed trends for **NO,,x,,, NMVOC and CO emissions** represent the changes in legislatory emission limits and the regarding implementation of mitigation technologies. | + | The observed trends for **NO<sub>x</ |
+ | The following table provides an overview of the implemetation of Euro norms in Germany. | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Table 1: Overview of Euro norms adn their implementation in Germany__ | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | ^ PASSENGER CARS & LIGHT-DUYT VEHICLES: DIESEL | ||
+ | ^ Euro Norm 1 | ||
+ | ^ Euro 2 | since 01. Januar 1996 | since 01. Januar 1997 | NEFZ | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 3 | since 01. Januar 2000 | since 01. Januar 2001 | NEFZ | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 4 | since 01. Januar 2005 | since 01. Januar 2006 | NEFZ | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 5a[(EURLex2007)] | ||
+ | ^ Euro 5b | ||
+ | ^ Euro 6b[(EURLex2007)] | ||
+ | ^ Euro 6c | since 01. September 2017 | since 01. September 2018 | WLTC | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 6d-Temp | ||
+ | ^ Euro 6d | ||
+ | ^ Euro 6d-ISC-FCM | ||
+ | ^ PASSENGER CARS & LIGHT-DUYT VEHICLES: GASOLINE | ||
+ | ^ Abgasnorm Euro 1 | since 01. Juli 1992 | since 01. Januar 1993 | NEFZ | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 2 | since 01. Januar 1996 | since 01. Januar 1997 | NEFZ | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 3 | since 01. Januar 2000 | since 01. Januar 2001 | NEFZ | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 4 | since 01. Januar 2005 | since 01. Januar 2006 | NEFZ | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 5a [(EURLex2007)] | ||
+ | ^ Euro 6b [(EURLex2007)] | ||
+ | ^ Euro 6c | ||
+ | ^ Euro 6d-Temp | ||
+ | ^ Euro 6d | ||
+ | ^ Euro 6d-ISC-FCM | ||
+ | ^ MOPEDS | ||
+ | ^ Euro 1 | since 17. Juni 1999 | | ECE R47 | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 2 | since 17. Juni 2002 | | ECE R47 | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 4 | since 01. Januar 2017 | since 01. Januar 2018 | ECE R47 | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 5 | since 01. Januar 2020 | since 01. Januar 2021 | WMTC | | ||
+ | ^ MOTORCYCLES | ||
+ | ^ Euro 1 | since 17. Juni 1999 | | ECE R47 | | ||
+ | ^ Euro 2 | since 17. Juni 2002 | | ECE R47 | | ||
+ | ^ BUSES & TRUCKS | ||
+ | ^ Euro I | 01. Jan 92 | | ESC R-49 | | ||
+ | ^ Euro II | ||
+ | ^ Euro III | 01. Okt 00 | | ESC& | ||
+ | ^ Euro IV | ||
+ | ^ Euro V | 01. Okt 08 | | ESC& | ||
+ | ^ Euro VI [(EURLex2009)] | ||
Trends for **sulphur dioxide** show charcteristics very different from those shown above. | Trends for **sulphur dioxide** show charcteristics very different from those shown above. | ||
- | Here, the strong dependence on increasing fuel qualities leads to an cascaded downward trend of **SO,,2,, emissions**, | + | Here, the strong dependence on increasing fuel qualities leads to an cascaded downward trend of **SO<sub>2</ |
The following table provides the development of sulphur contents over the years for Old (OGL) and New German Länder (NGL) and Germany (GER). | The following table provides the development of sulphur contents over the years for Old (OGL) and New German Länder (NGL) and Germany (GER). | ||
- | __Table | + | __Table |
^ Area covered | ^ Area covered | ||
| EAST GERMANY (DDR) | until 1988 | | EAST GERMANY (DDR) | until 1988 | ||
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| ::: | | ::: | ||
- | For **exhaust particulate matter emissions** from diesel road vehicles, the party assumes that nearly all particles emitted are within the PM,,2.5,, range, resulting in similar emission values for PM,,2.5,,, PM,,10,,, and TSP. | + | For **exhaust particulate matter emissions** from diesel road vehicles, the party assumes that nearly all particles emitted are within the PM<sub>2.5</ |
Excumptions from this assumption can be observed for gasoline road vehicles for the years until 1997 when **additional TSP emissions** resulted **from the use of leaded gasoline** that was banned in 1997. | Excumptions from this assumption can be observed for gasoline road vehicles for the years until 1997 when **additional TSP emissions** resulted **from the use of leaded gasoline** that was banned in 1997. | ||
Furthermore, | Furthermore, | ||
For **Heavy Metals** and **PAHs**, emissions are calculated with tier1 default EF from [(EMEPEEA2019)] resulting in trends that simply reflect the annual fuel consumption. | For **Heavy Metals** and **PAHs**, emissions are calculated with tier1 default EF from [(EMEPEEA2019)] resulting in trends that simply reflect the annual fuel consumption. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{sector: | ||
+ | |||
Here, the only excumption are **lead emissions from leaded gasoline** that was in use until 1996 with lead contents provided in the table below: | Here, the only excumption are **lead emissions from leaded gasoline** that was in use until 1996 with lead contents provided in the table below: | ||
- | __Table | + | __Table |
^ Area covered | ^ Area covered | ||
| EAST GERMANY (GDR) | 1989-1990 | | EAST GERMANY (GDR) | 1989-1990 | ||
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Recalculations of exhaust-emissions are mainly based on annual routine revisions of the underlying TREMOD model. For more information, | Recalculations of exhaust-emissions are mainly based on annual routine revisions of the underlying TREMOD model. For more information, | ||
- | [(AGEB2020> AGEB (2020): Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; | + | [(AGEB2022>AGEB, 2022: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; |
- | [(BAFA2020> BAFA, 2020: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, | + | [(BAFA2022> |
- | URL: https:// | + | https:// |
- | [(MWV2020> MWV (2020): Association of the German Petroleum Industry (Mineralölwirtschaftsverband, | + | [(MWV2021> MWV (2021): Association of the German Petroleum Industry (Mineralölwirtschaftsverband, |
- | [(KNOERR2020a> Knörr et al. (2020a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: | + | [(KNOERR2022a> Knörr et al. (2022a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: |
[(KELLER2017> | [(KELLER2017> | ||
[(EMEPEEA2019> | [(EMEPEEA2019> | ||
[(RENTZ2008> | [(RENTZ2008> | ||
+ | [(EURLex2007> | ||
+ | [(EURLex2009> | ||
+ |