meta data for this page
Differences
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
Both sides previous revisionPrevious revisionNext revision | Previous revisionNext revisionBoth sides next revision | ||
sector:energy:fugitive:oil:start [2022/03/22 11:49] – [1.B.2.a.i - Exploration, production, transport] kotzulla | sector:energy:fugitive:oil:start [2023/03/21 12:07] – [Recalculations] kotzulla | ||
---|---|---|---|
Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
| 1.B.2.a.v | | 1.B.2.a.v | ||
- | ^ Key Category | + | ^ Key Category |
- | | 1.B.2.a.i | + | | 1.B.2.a.i |
- | | 1.B.2.a.iv | + | | 1.B.2.a.iv |
- | | 1.B.2.a.v | + | | 1.B.2.a.v |
. | . | ||
Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
__Table 1: Activity data applied for emissions from oil exploration__ | __Table 1: Activity data applied for emissions from oil exploration__ | ||
- | ^ ^ Unit ^ 1990 ^ 1995 | + | ^ ^ Unit ^ 1990 ^ 1995 |
- | | number of wells | No. | + | | number of wells | No. |
- | | total of drilling meter | m | + | | total of drilling meter | m |
Line 38: | Line 38: | ||
__Table 3: Annual amounts of oil produced, in [kt]__ | __Table 3: Annual amounts of oil produced, in [kt]__ | ||
- | ^ 1990 | + | ^ 1990 |
- | | 3,606 | 2,959 | 3,123 | 3,573 | 2,516 | 2,414 | 1,927 | + | | 3,606 | 2,959 | 3,123 | 3,573 | 2,516 | 2,414 | 1,907 |
The emissions from production and processing are measured or calculated by the operators, and the pertinent data is published in the annual reports of the Federal association of the natural gas, oil and geothermal energy industries (BVEG) [(BVEG)]. The emission factors are determined from the reported emissions and the activity data. | The emissions from production and processing are measured or calculated by the operators, and the pertinent data is published in the annual reports of the Federal association of the natural gas, oil and geothermal energy industries (BVEG) [(BVEG)]. The emission factors are determined from the reported emissions and the activity data. | ||
- | __Table 4: NMVOC emission factor applied for emissions from oil exploration, in [kg/m³]__ | + | __Table 4: NMVOC emission factor applied for emissions from oil production, in [kg/m³]__ |
^ Value ^ | ^ Value ^ | ||
- | | 0.015 | | + | | 0.079 | |
Transport emissions are tied to activities of logistics companies and of pipeline operators and pipeline networks. After the first treatment, crude oil is transported to refineries. Almost all transport of crude oil takes place via pipelines. Pipelines are stationary and, normally, run underground. In contrast to other types of transport, petroleum transport is not interrupted by handling processes. | Transport emissions are tied to activities of logistics companies and of pipeline operators and pipeline networks. After the first treatment, crude oil is transported to refineries. Almost all transport of crude oil takes place via pipelines. Pipelines are stationary and, normally, run underground. In contrast to other types of transport, petroleum transport is not interrupted by handling processes. | ||
- | __Table | + | __Table |
- | ^ source | + | ^ Activity |
- | | Transport of domestically produced crude oil | 3,660 | 2,940 | 3,123 | 3,572 | 2,516 | 2,414 | 1,927 | 1,907 | | + | | Transport of domestically produced crude oil | 3,660 | 2,940 | 3,123 | 3,572 | 2,516 | 2,414 | 1,907 | 1,804 | |
- | | Transport of imported crude oil | + | | Transport of imported crude oil |
- | | Transport via inland-waterway tankers | + | | Transport via inland-waterway tankers |
Line 60: | Line 60: | ||
The emission factor covers the areas of transfer / injection into pipelines at pumping stations, all infrastructure along pipelines (connections, | The emission factor covers the areas of transfer / injection into pipelines at pumping stations, all infrastructure along pipelines (connections, | ||
- | + | __Table 6: NMVOC emission factor | |
- | ^ Source of emission factor | + | ^ Activity |
- | | Transports of domestically produced crude oil | + | | Transports of domestically produced crude oil | 0.13 | |
- | | Transports of imported crude oil | NMVOC | + | | Transports of imported crude oil | 0.064 | |
- | | Transports via inland-waterway tankers | + | | Transports via inland-waterway tankers |
Line 77: | Line 77: | ||
Tanks are emptied and cleaned routinely before tank inspections and repairs. In tank cleaning, a distinction is made between crude-oil tanks and product tanks. Because sediments accumulate in crude oil tanks, cleaning these tanks, in comparison to cleaning product tanks, is a considerably more laborious process. The substances in product tanks produce no sediments and thus are cleaned only when the products they contain are changed. In keeping with an assessment of Müller-BBM (2010)[(MBBM2010)], | Tanks are emptied and cleaned routinely before tank inspections and repairs. In tank cleaning, a distinction is made between crude-oil tanks and product tanks. Because sediments accumulate in crude oil tanks, cleaning these tanks, in comparison to cleaning product tanks, is a considerably more laborious process. The substances in product tanks produce no sediments and thus are cleaned only when the products they contain are changed. In keeping with an assessment of Müller-BBM (2010)[(MBBM2010)], | ||
- | ^ activity | + | __Table 8: Activity |
- | | Quantity of crude oil refined | + | ^ Activity |
- | | Capacity utilisation in refineries | + | | Quantity of crude oil refined |
- | | Crude-oil-refining capacity in refineries | + | | Capacity utilisation in refineries |
- | | Tank-storage capacity in refineries and pipeline terminals | + | | Crude-oil-refining capacity in refineries |
- | | Storage capacity of tank-storage facilities outside of refineries | + | | Tank-storage capacity in refineries and pipeline terminals |
- | | Storage capacity of caverns | + | | Storage capacity of tank-storage facilities outside of refineries |
+ | | Storage capacity of caverns | ||
**Processing** | **Processing** | ||
Line 102: | Line 103: | ||
{{ : | {{ : | ||
- | ^ Source of emission factor | + | __Table 9: Emission factors applied for emissions from oil refinement and storage__ |
+ | ^ Activity | ||
| Fugitive emissions at refineries | | Fugitive emissions at refineries | ||
| Fugitive emissions at refineries | | Fugitive emissions at refineries | ||
Line 126: | Line 128: | ||
In this category, petroleum products that have undergone fractional distillation in refineries are handled and distributed, | In this category, petroleum products that have undergone fractional distillation in refineries are handled and distributed, | ||
- | + | __Table 10: Annual | |
- | ^ activity data ^ Unit ^ 1990 | + | ^ Activity |
- | | number of petrol stations | + | | number of petrol stations |
- | | distribution of diesel | + | | distribution of diesel |
- | | distribution of jet fuel | + | | distribution of jet fuel |
- | | distribution of light heating oil | kt | 31,803 | 34,785 | 27,875 | 25,380 | 21,005 | 16,127 | 15,061 | 15,558 | + | | distribution of light heating oil | kt | 31,803 | 34,785 | 27,875 | 25,380 | 21,005 | 16,127 | 15,558 | 11,206 | |
- | | distribution of domestic petrol | + | | distribution of domestic petrol |
Line 177: | Line 179: | ||
- | Generally, the emission factors listed below have been verified by the study [(Theloke2013)]. | + | Generally, the emission factors listed below have been verified by the study [(THELOKE2013)]. |
^ **Process responsible for NMVOC emissions** | ^ **Process responsible for NMVOC emissions** | ||
- | | Drip losses in refuelling at filling stations | + | | Drip losses in refuelling at filling stations |
- | | Transfers from road tankers to filling stations (20th Ordinance Implementing the Federal Immission Control Act – vapour displacement) | + | | Transfers from road tankers to filling stations (20th Ordinance Implementing the Federal Immission Control Act – vapour displacement) |
- | | Ventilation in connection with transports with inland-waterway tankers | + | | Ventilation in connection with transports with inland-waterway tankers |
- | | Transfers from filling station tanks to vehicle tanks (21st Ordinance Implementing the Federal Immission Control Act – vapour recovery) | + | | Transfers from filling station tanks to vehicle tanks (21st Ordinance Implementing the Federal Immission Control Act – vapour recovery) |
- | | Drip losses in refuelling at filling stations | + | | Drip losses in refuelling at filling stations |
- | | Transports from refineries to transport vehicles | + | | Transports from refineries to transport vehicles |
- | | Transfers from filling-station tanks to vehicle tanks | diesel | + | | Transfers from filling-station tanks to vehicle tanks | diesel |
- | | Drip losses in refuelling at transfer stations | + | | Drip losses in refuelling at transfer stations |
- | | Transports from refineries to transport vehicles | + | | Transports from refineries to transport vehicles |
- | | Transfers from filling-station tanks to vehicle tanks | light heating oil | 0.0063 | + | | Transfers from filling-station tanks to vehicle tanks | light heating oil | 0.0063 |
===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
- | Please | + | <WRAP center round info 60%> |
+ | For more details please | ||
+ | </ | ||
===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
- | No further improvements | + | * an ongoing research project estimate emissions from storage and cleaning of tanks for oil and oil products - results |
===== References ===== | ===== References ===== | ||
[(MWV> | [(MWV> | ||
- | [(BVEG> | + | [(BVEG> |
- | [(WEG2008> | + | [(WEG2008> |
[(IPCC2006> | [(IPCC2006> | ||
[(THELOKE2013> | [(THELOKE2013> | ||
[(CECH2017> | [(CECH2017> | ||
- | [(MBBM2010> | + | [(MBBM2010> |
- | [(Bender2019> | + | [(Bender2019> |
[(VDI2000> | [(VDI2000> | ||
[(BAUER2010> | [(BAUER2010> |