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sector:ippu:chemical_industry:ammonia_production:start [2021/01/25 15:52] – kuntze | sector:ippu:chemical_industry:ammonia_production:start [2023/03/14 12:24] – [Recalculations] kotzulla | ||
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===== Short description ===== | ===== Short description ===== | ||
- | ^ | + | ^ Category Code ^ Method |
- | | | + | | 2.B.1 | T2 |
+ | ^ | ||
+ | | Key Category: | ||
- | {{page> | + | {{page> |
- | Ammonia is produced on the basis of hydrogen and nitrogen, using the Haber-Bosch process. Hydrogen is produced from synthetic gas based on natural gas, via a highly integrated process, steam reforming, while nitrogen | + | Ammonia is synthesised from hydrogen and nitrogen, using the Haber-Bosch process. Hydrogen is produced from synthetic gas – which in turn is produced from natural gas – via a highly integrated process, steam reforming. Nitrogen |
- | The various plant types for the production of ammonia cannot be divided into individual units and be compared | + | The various plant types involved in the production of ammonia cannot be divided into individual units nor be considered |
- | * ACP - Advanced Conventional Process - with a fired primary reformer and secondary reforming with excess air (stoichiometric H/N ratio) | + | |
- | * RPR - Reduced Primary Reformer Process - under mild conditions in a fired primary reformer and secondary splitting with excess air (sub-stoichiometric H/N ratio) | + | |
- | * HPR - Heat Exchange Primary Reformer Process – autothermic splitting with heat exchange using a steam reformer heated with process gas (heat exchange reformer) and a separate secondary reformer or a combined autothermic reformer using excess air or enriched air (sub-stoichiometric or stoichiometric H/N ratio). | + | |
- | [[f> | + | * ACP - Advanced Conventional Process - with a fired primary reformer and secondary reforming with excess air (stoichiometric H/N ratio) |
+ | * RPR - Reduced Primary Reformer Process - under mild conditions in a fired primary reformer and secondary splitting with excess air (sub-stoichiometric H/N ratio) | ||
+ | and | ||
+ | * HPR - Heat Exchange Primary Reformer Process – autothermic splitting with heat exchange using a steam reformer heated with process gas (heat exchange reformer) and a separate secondary reformer or a combined autothermic reformer using excess air or enriched air (sub-stoichiometric or stoichiometric H/N ratio). | ||
- | The following procedure is also used: | ||
- | **Partial oxidation** – Gasification of fractions of heavy mineral oil or vacuum residues in production of synthetic gas. | ||
- | Most plants operate according to the steam-reforming principle, with naphtha or natural gas. Only 3 % of European plants use the partial oxidation procedure. | ||
+ | The following process is also used for ammonia synthesis: | ||
+ | **Partial oxidation**, | ||
+ | Most plants operate using steam-reforming, | ||
- | The production decrease of more than 15 % in the first year after German reunification was the result of a market shake-up, over 2/3 of which was borne by the new German Länder. The production level then remained nearly constant in the succeeding years until 1994. The reasons for the re-increase as of 1995, to the 1990 level, are not understood; the re-increase may be due to a change in statistical survey methods, however. After 1990, production levels fluctuated only slightly. Since then, the rate of ammonia production has been stable. | ||
- | ===== Methodology | + | The production decrease of more than 15 % in the first year after German reunification was the result of a market shakeup, over 2/3 of which was borne by the new German Länder. The production level then remained nearly constant in the succeeding years until 1994. The reasons for the re-increase as of 1995 back to the 1990 level are not understood; the re-increase may however be due to a change in statistical survey methods. After 1990, production levels fluctuated only slightly. Since then, the rate of ammonia production has been stable. |
- | There were five plants in Germany which produced ammonia, using both processes. | + | |
- | But since the mid of 2014 there are only four left. Both processes are still used, the Steam-Reforming-Process and the partial oxidation. | + | ===== Method |
+ | There were five plants in Germany which produced ammonia, using both steam reforming and partial oxidation. | ||
+ | Since mid 2014 there are only four left, but both processes are still used. | ||
==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
- | As the CO,,2,, emissions from ammonia production | + | As ammonia production |
==== Emission factor ==== | ==== Emission factor ==== | ||
- | For NO,,x,, and NH,,3,,, the default emission factors | + | For NO<sub>x</ |
===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
- | With **activity data** and **emission factors** remaining unrevised, no recalculations have been carried out compared to last year's submission. | ||
- | ===== Planned improvements ===== | + | With unrevised activity data and emission factors, no recalculations have been carried out compared to last year's submission. |
- | At the moment, no category-specific improvements are planned. | + | |
<WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
- | For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general: | + | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general: |
</ | </ | ||
- | ------ | + | |
+ | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
+ | At the moment, no category-specific improvements are planned. | ||