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sector:ippu:chemical_industry:nitric_acid_production:start [2021/01/26 10:53] – [Short description] kuntze | sector:ippu:chemical_industry:nitric_acid_production:start [2023/04/26 13:23] (current) – [Recalculations] reichel | ||
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===== Short description ===== | ===== Short description ===== | ||
- | ^ | + | ^ Category Code ^ Method |
- | | T2 | PS | D | + | | 2.B.2 |
+ | ^ ^ | ||
+ | | Key Category: | ||
- | {{page> | + | {{page> |
- | During the production of nitric acid, nitrogen oxide occurs | + | During the production of nitric acid (HNO< |
- | * Oxidation of NH,,3,, to NO and | + | * Oxidation of NH<sub>3</ |
- | * Conversion of NO to NO,,2,, and absorption in H,,2,,O. | + | * Conversion of NO to NO<sub>2</ |
Details of the process are outlined below: | Details of the process are outlined below: | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ : | ||
**Catalytic oxidation of ammonia** | **Catalytic oxidation of ammonia** | ||
- | A mixture of ammonia and air at a ratio of 1:9 is oxidised, in the presence of a platinum catalyst alloyed with rhodium and/or palladium, at a temperature of between 800 and 950 °C. The related | + | A mixture of ammonia and air at a ratio of 1:9 is oxidised, in the presence of a platinum catalyst alloyed with rhodium and/or palladium, at a temperature of between 800 and 950 °C. The reaction according to the Oswald process is as follows: |
- | = 4 NH,,3,, + 5 O,,2,, --> 4 NO + 6 H,,2,,O | + | |
+ | 4 NH<sub>3</ | ||
Simultaneously, | Simultaneously, | ||
- | = 4 NH,,3,, + 3 O,,2,, --> 2 N,,2,, + 6 H,,2,,O | ||
- | = 4 NH,,3,, + 4 O,,2,, --> 2 N,,2,,O + 6 H,,2,,O | ||
- | [[f>image NitricAcidProduction.PNG size=" | + | 4 NH<sub>3</ |
- | All three oxidation reactions are exothermic. Heat may be recovered to produce steam for the process and for export to other plants and/or to preheat the residual gas. The reaction water is condensed in a cooling condenser, during the cooling of the reaction gases, and is then conveyed into the absorption column. | + | 4 NH< |
- | ===== Methodology ===== | + | All three oxidation reactions are exothermic. Heat may be recovered to produce steam for the process and for export to other plants and/or to preheat the residual gas. The reaction water is condensed in a cooling condenser, during the cooling of the reaction gases, and is then conveyed into the absorption column. |
+ | ===== Method ===== | ||
+ | In Germany, there are currently nine nitric acid plants. | ||
==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
- | As this source category is a key category for N,,2,,O, plant specific activity data are applied | + | As this source category is a key category for N<sub>2</ |
- | These data are made available basically via a co-operation agreement with the nitric acid producers and the IVA (Industrieverband Agrar). As the data provided by the producers has to be treated as confidential, | + | This data is made available basically via a co-operation agreement with the nitric acid producers and the IVA (Industrieverband Agrar). As the data provided by the producers has to be treated as confidential, |
+ | According to the IVA, catalytic reduction is used as an abatement method in some of the plants. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Emission factors ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Different T2 default NO< | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Table 1: Tier 2 emission factors of NO< | ||
+ | ^ EF | ||
+ | | 7.5 | medium pressure process | ||
+ | | 3 | high pressure process | ||
+ | | 0.4 | low, medium and high pressure process, catalytic reduction | ||
- | According to the IVA, catalytic reduction is used as a reduction method in some of the plants. | ||
- | ==== Emission factor ==== | ||
- | For NO,,x,, the default emission factor from the EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook of 10 kg/t NH,, | ||
===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
- | With **activity data** and **emission factors** | + | <WRAP center round info 60%> |
+ | With **activity data and emission factors | ||
+ | </ | ||
===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
- | Germany is in contact with the IVA with the aim to get a Country-specific | + | No category-specific |
- | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
- | For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general: | ||
- | </ | ||
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