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sector:ippu:metal_production:aluminum_production:start [2021/01/22 09:03] – reichel | sector:ippu:metal_production:aluminum_production:start [2023/04/26 14:06] – [Planned improvements] reichel | ||
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===== Short description ===== | ===== Short description ===== | ||
- | ^ | + | ^ Category Code ^ Method |
- | | T2, T3 | AS | D, CS | | + | | 2.C.3 |
+ | ^ ^ NO< | ||
+ | | Key Category: | ||
+ | The category //2.C.3 - Aluminium production// | ||
- | The category // | + | In Germany, primary aluminium is produced in electrolytic furnaces with pre-baked anodes. |
- | In Germany, primary aluminium is produced in electrolytic furnaces with pre-baked anodes. The pre-baked anodes are produced in separate anode production plants, where petroleum coke and tar pitch are mixed subsequently baked. This process produces PAH emissions. Hence, the aluminium production is a trend key category for PAH (TIER-2-method, | + | Secondary aluminium is produced in several different furnace types. |
- | + | ||
- | Secondary aluminium is produced in several different furnace types. | + | |
- | The use of hexachloroethane for degassing | + | |
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=== Activity data === | === Activity data === | ||
- | The yearly | + | The production figures |
- | The total quantity of waste gas incurred per tonne of aluminium during the production of primary aluminium was multiplied by an average concentration value formed from several individual figures, from various | + | The total quantity of waste gas incurred per tonne of aluminium during the production of primary aluminium was multiplied by an average concentration value formed from several individual figures |
=== Emission factors === | === Emission factors === | ||
- | The emission factors are either default values according to the 2016 EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook or determined in research | + | The emission factors are either default values according to the 2019 EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook |
- | The emission factors also make allowance for fugitive emission sources, such as emissions via hall roofs. | + | The emission factors also make allowance for fugitive emission sources, such as emissions via hall roofs. |
- | The emission figures used for CO are the results of emission measurements within the context of investment projects. | + | The emission figures used for CO are the results of emission measurements within the context of investment projects. |
- | The emission factors for SO,,2,, are calculated from the specific anode consumption. The anodes consist of petrol coke; this material has a specific sulphur concentrations of about 1.2 %, from which an SO,,2,, emission factor of 10.4 kg/t Al can be calculated. | + | |
- | The average anode consumption is 430 kg of petrol coke per tonne of aluminium. | + | |
- | For primary aluminium production NOX emissions were not yet incorporated in the inventory due to several reasons. But emissions will be below the threshold of significance due to the abatement applied in Germany. | + | |
- | The following table shows some process-related | + | The emission factors |
- | __Table 1: Emission | + | The following tables show some process-related emission |
- | ||~ pollutant||~ Activity / Process ||~ EF ||~ unit||~ Trend || | + | |
- | || PAH || anode production || 300 || mg/t || constant || | + | |
- | |||||||||| |||||||||| | + | |
- | || CO || primary aluminium || 180 || kg/t || constant || | + | |
- | || SO,,2,, || primary aluminium || 7.341 || kg/t || constant || | + | |
- | || TSP || primary aluminium || 0.83 || kg/t || falling || | + | |
- | || PM,,10,, || primary aluminium || 0.7055 || kg/t || falling || | + | |
- | || PM,,2.5,, || primary aluminium || 0.581 || kg/t || falling || | + | |
- | || Cd || primary aluminium || 0.15 || g/t || constant || | + | |
- | || Ni || primary aluminium || 0.162 || g/t || || | + | |
- | || Zn || primary aluminium || 10 || g/t || constant || | + | |
- | |||||||||| |||||||||| | + | |
- | || TSP || resmelted aluminium || 0.055 || kg/t || constant || | + | |
- | || PM,,10,, || resmelted aluminium || 0.047 || kg/t || constant || | + | |
- | || PM,,2.5,, || resmelted aluminium || 0.03843 || kg/t || constant || | + | |
- | || Cd || resmelted aluminium || 7 || mg/t || constant || | + | |
- | || Cu || resmelted aluminium || 8.411 || mg/t || || | + | |
- | || Hg || resmelted aluminium || 1.7 || mg/t || constant || | + | |
- | || Pb || resmelted aluminium || 4.452 || mg/t || || | + | |
- | || Zn || resmelted aluminium || 4 || g/t || constant || | + | |
- | || HCB (years 1990-2001)|| resmelted aluminium || 5 || g/t || constant || | + | |
+ | __Table 1: Emission factors applied for anode production__ | ||
- | ===== Recalculations ===== | + | ^ Pollutant |
+ | | PAH | anode production | ||
- | No recalculations | + | __Table 2: Emission factors applied for primary aluminium production__ |
+ | |||
+ | ^ Pollutant | ||
+ | | CO | primary aluminium | 180 | kg/t | constant | | ||
+ | | SO< | ||
+ | | TSP | primary aluminium | 0.83 | kg/t | falling | | ||
+ | | PM< | ||
+ | | PM< | ||
+ | | Cd | primary aluminium | 0.15 | g/t | constant | | ||
+ | | Ni | primary aluminium | 0.162 | g/t | falling | | ||
+ | | Zn | primary aluminium | 10 | g/t | constant | | ||
+ | | NO< | ||
+ | |||
+ | Nitrogen oxide emissions essentially arise from the nitrogen content of the fuels in combustion processes. At temperatures above 1,000 ° C, Nitrogen oxide can also form from nitrogen in the air. Another source of NO< | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Table 3: Emission factors applied for secondary aluminium production__ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ Pollutant | ||
+ | | TSP | resmelted aluminium | ||
+ | | PM< | ||
+ | | PM< | ||
+ | | Cd | resmelted aluminium | ||
+ | | Cu | resmelted aluminium | ||
+ | | Hg | resmelted aluminium | ||
+ | | Pb | resmelted aluminium | ||
+ | | Zn | resmelted aluminium | ||
+ | | HCB (years 1990-2001) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
<WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
- | For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant-specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start | 8.1 - Recalculations]]. | + | With **activity data and emission factors remaining unrevised**, no recalculations |
</ | </ | ||
- | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
- | Nitrogen oxides essentially arise from the nitrogen content of the fuels in combustion processes and at temperatures above 1,000 ° C also from air nitrogen. Another source of NO,,x,, is the electrolysis in primary aluminium production due to the presence of nitrogen in the anode, which can be oxidized to NO,,x,,. All these emission sources resulting from energy related processes are included in 1.A.2.b. | + | ===== Planned improvements ===== |
- | Therefore, all NO,,x,, emissions | + | The emission factor for CO will be adjusted to typical operating parameters mentioned in the technical guideline VDI 2286 " |
+ | ===== Bibliography ===== | ||
- | ------ | + | ** Lit. 1:** German association for non-ferrous metals (WirtschaftsVereinigung Metalle): Annual statistical report: https:// |
+ | ** Lit. 2:** EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, Copenhagen, 2019. https:// | ||
+ | ** Lit. 3:** Ökopol, IER, IZT, IfG: Bereitstellung einer qualitätsgesicherten Datengrundlage für die Emissionsberichterstattung zur Umsetzung von internationalen Luftreinhalte- und Klimaschutzvereinbarungen für ausgewählte Industriebranchen Teilvorhaben 2: NE-Metallindustrie, | ||
- | [[bibliography]] | ||
- | : 1: German association for non-ferrous metals (WirtschaftsVereinigung Metalle): Annual statistical report: https:// | ||
- | : 2: Ökopol, IER, IZT, IfG: Bereitstellung einer qualitätsgesicherten Datengrundlage für die Emissionsberichterstattung zur Umsetzung von internationalen Luftreinhalte- und Klimaschutzvereinbarungen für ausgewählte Industriebranchen Teilvorhaben 2: NE-Metallindustrie, | ||
- | [[/ |