meta data for this page
Differences
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
Both sides previous revisionPrevious revisionNext revision | Previous revision | ||
sector:ippu:metal_production:iron_and_steel_production:start [2022/02/24 10:18] – [Discussion of emission trends] kotzulla | sector:ippu:metal_production:iron_and_steel_production:start [2023/04/28 08:14] (current) – [Recalculations] reichel | ||
---|---|---|---|
Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
The source subcategory //NFR 2.C.1 - Iron & Steel Production// | The source subcategory //NFR 2.C.1 - Iron & Steel Production// | ||
- | ^ Category Code ^ Method | + | ^ Category Code ^ Method |
- | | 2.C.1 | T2 ||||| NS | + | | 2.C.1 | T2 |
- | ^ | + | ^ |
- | | 2.C.1 | + | | Key Category: |
{{page> | {{page> | ||
- | In 2019 a total of 27.7 million tonnes of raw steel were produced in six integrated steelworks. Electrical steel production amounted to another | + | In 2021 a total of 28.2 million tonnes of raw steel were produced in six integrated steelworks. Electrical steel production amounted to another |
+ | \\ | ||
Other structural elements are sinter production, hot iron production, hot rolling, iron and steel foundries (including malleable casting). The last Siemens-Martin steelworks (Stahlwerk Brandenburg) was shut down shortly after 1990. The last Thomas steelworks (Maxhütte Sulzbach-Rosenberg) discontinued its production in 2002. Due to their minor relevance and their phase-out, the emissions from Siemens-Martin and Thomas steel production are jointly calculated with the emissions from oxygen steel production.\\ | Other structural elements are sinter production, hot iron production, hot rolling, iron and steel foundries (including malleable casting). The last Siemens-Martin steelworks (Stahlwerk Brandenburg) was shut down shortly after 1990. The last Thomas steelworks (Maxhütte Sulzbach-Rosenberg) discontinued its production in 2002. Due to their minor relevance and their phase-out, the emissions from Siemens-Martin and Thomas steel production are jointly calculated with the emissions from oxygen steel production.\\ | ||
Line 41: | Line 42: | ||
__Table 1: Overview of the emission factors applied for sinter production__ | __Table 1: Overview of the emission factors applied for sinter production__ | ||
- | ^ Pollutant | + | ^ |
- | | Cd | | 0.098 ||| 0.052 | | + | ^ Cd | | 0.098 |
- | | CO | | 19.152 | + | ^ CO | | 19.152 |
- | | Cr | | 0.077 ||| 0.044 | 0.02 | g/t | | + | ^ Cr | | 0.077 |
- | | HCB | | 0.03 ||||| mg/t | | + | ^ HCB |
- | | Hg | | 0.059 ||| 0.028 | 0.005 | + | ^ Hg | | 0.059 |
- | | Ni | | 0.139 ||| 0.068 | 0.015 | g/t | | + | ^ Ni | | 0.139 |
- | | NMVOC | | 0.12 ||||| kg/t | | + | ^ NMVOC |
- | | NO< | + | ^ NO< |
- | | PAH | | 320.00 | + | ^ PAH |
- | | Pb | | 5.299 ||| 3.242 | 1.7 | + | ^ Pb | | 5.299 |
- | | PCB | | 3.0 | 2.285714 | + | ^ PCB |
- | | PCDD/F | | 6.0 | 4.575 | 3.149 | 1.724 | 0.796 | µg/t | | + | ^ PCDD/ |
- | | SO< | + | ^ SO< |
- | | TSP | channelled | | 0.65 | 0.465 | 0.234 | 0.096 | kg/t | | + | ^ TSP |
- | | TSP | diffuse | | | | | 0.046 | kg/t | | + | ^ TSP |
- | | PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | | PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | | PM< | + | ^ PM< |
__Table 2: Overview of the emission factors applied for pig iron production__ | __Table 2: Overview of the emission factors applied for pig iron production__ | ||
- | ^ Pollutant | + | ^ |
- | | B(a)P | | 0.05 | + | ^ PAH | channelled |
- | | Cd | + | ^ Cd | channelled |
- | | Cd | + | ^ Cd | diffuse |
- | | CO | + | ^ CO | channelled |
- | | CO | + | ^ CO | diffuse |
- | | Cr | + | ^ Cr | channelled |
- | | Cr | + | ^ Cr | diffuse |
- | | Hg | + | ^ Hg | channelled |
- | | Hg | + | ^ Hg | diffuse |
- | | Ni | + | ^ Ni | channelled |
- | | Ni | + | ^ Ni | diffuse |
- | | NMVOC | | + | ^ NMVOC |
- | | NO< | + | ^ NO< |
- | | NO< | + | ^ NO< |
- | | Pb | + | ^ Pb | channelled |
- | | Pb | + | ^ Pb | diffuse |
- | | PCDD/ | + | ^ PCDD/ |
- | | SO< | + | ^ SO< |
- | | SO< | + | ^ SO< |
- | | TSP | channelled | + | ^ TSP |
- | | TSP | diffuse | + | ^ TSP |
- | | PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | | PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | | PM< | + | ^ PM< |
__Table 3: Overview of the emission factors applied for oxygen steel production__ | __Table 3: Overview of the emission factors applied for oxygen steel production__ | ||
- | ^ Pollutant | + | ^ |
- | | Cd | | 0.053 | 0.038 | + | ^ Cd | | 0.053 | 0.038 | 0.024 | 0.016 | g/t |
- | | CO | | 11.500 | + | ^ CO | | 11.500 |
- | | Cr | channelled | 0.715 | 0.306 | 0.125 | 0.028 | g/t | | + | ^ Cr | channelled |
- | | Cr | diffuse | + | ^ Cr | diffuse |
- | | Ni | channelled | 0.090 | 0.060 | 0.030 | 0.006 | g/t | | + | ^ Ni | channelled |
- | | Ni | diffuse | + | ^ Ni | diffuse |
- | | NO< | + | ^ NO< |
- | | NO< | + | ^ NO< |
- | | PAH | | + | ^ PAH |
- | | Pb | channelled | 2.941 | 1.883 | 0.824 | 0.189 | g/t | | + | ^ Pb | channelled |
- | | Pb | diffuse | + | ^ Pb | diffuse |
- | | PCB | | + | ^ PCB |
- | | PCDD/F | | 0.070 | 0.070 | 0.070 | 0.069 | µg/t | | + | ^ PCDD/ |
- | | SO< | + | ^ SO< |
- | | TSP | channelled | 0.155 | 0.145 | 0.145 | 0.024 | kg/t | | + | ^ TSP |
- | | TSP | diffuse | + | ^ TSP |
- | | PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | | PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | | PM< | + | ^ PM< |
__Table 4: Overview of the emission factors applied for electric steel production__ | __Table 4: Overview of the emission factors applied for electric steel production__ | ||
- | ^ Pollutant | + | ^ |
- | | B(a)P | | 2.531 | 1.661 | 0.792 | 0.271 | mg/t | | + | ^ Cd | | 0.240 | 0.157 | 0.065 | 0.016 | g/t |
- | | Cd | | 0.240 | 0.157 | 0.065 | 0.016 | g/t | | + | ^ CO | channelled |
- | | CO | channelled | 1.700 | 1.187 | 0.674 | 0.366 | kg/t | | + | ^ CO | diffuse |
- | | CO | diffuse | + | ^ Cr | channelled |
- | | Cr | channelled | 0.481 | 0.206 | 0.258 | 0.323 | g/t | | + | ^ Cr | diffuse |
- | | Cr | diffuse | + | ^ Hg | channelled |
- | | Hg | channelled | 0.306 | 0.288 | 0.154 | 0.070 | g/t | | + | ^ Ni | channelled |
- | | Ni | channelled | 0.483 | 0.207 | 0.145 | 0.124 | g/t | | + | ^ Ni | diffuse |
- | | Ni | diffuse | + | ^ NMVOC |
- | | NMVOC | | + | ^ NO< |
- | | NO< | + | ^ NO< |
- | | NO< | + | ^ PAH |
- | | PAH | | + | ^ Pb | channelled |
- | | Pb | channelled | 4.075 | 1.747 | 0.720 | 0.170 | g/t | | + | ^ Pb | diffuse |
- | | Pb | diffuse | + | ^ PCB |
- | | PCB | | + | ^ PCDD/ |
- | | PCDD/F | | 0.466 | 0.295 | 0.158 | 0.158 | µg/t | | + | ^ SO< |
- | | SO< | + | ^ SO< |
- | | SO< | + | ^ TSP |
- | | TSP | channelled | 0.28 | 0.12 | 0.074 | 0.018 | kg/t | | + | ^ TSP |
- | | TSP | diffuse | | | | 0.043 | kg/t | | + | ^ PM< |
- | | PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | | PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | | PM< | + | |
__Table 5: Overview of the emission factors applied for hot and cold rolling__ | __Table 5: Overview of the emission factors applied for hot and cold rolling__ | ||
- | ^ Pollutant | + | | ^ Type of source |
- | | CO | + | ^ CO | | |
- | | NH< | + | ^ NH< |
- | | NMVOC | | + | ^ NMVOC |
- | | NO< | + | ^ NO< |
- | | SO< | + | ^ SO< |
- | | TSP | channelled | + | ^ TSP |
- | | TSP | diffuse | + | ^ TSP |
- | | PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | | PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | | PM< | + | ^ PM< |
__Table 6: Overview of the emission factors applied for iron and steel casting__ | __Table 6: Overview of the emission factors applied for iron and steel casting__ | ||
- | ^ Pollutant ^ EF 2010 ^ Unit ^ Trend ^ | + | | ^ EF 2010 ^ Unit ^ Trend |
- | | B(a)P | 10 | mg/t | constant | | + | ^ NH< |
- | | NH< | + | ^ NMVOC |
- | | NMVOC | 0.150 | kg/t | constant | | + | ^ NO< |
- | | NO< | + | ^ PAH |
- | | PAH | 0.100 | g/t | constant | | + | ^ PCDD/ |
- | | PCDD/F | 0.190 | µg/t | constant | | + | ^ SO< |
- | | SO< | + | ^ TSP |
- | | TSP | 0.200 | kg/t | constant | | + | ^ PM< |
- | | PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | | PM< | + | |
- | =====Discussion of emission trends===== | + | **HCB** |
- | The trends | + | For **sinter production**, |
+ | |||
+ | **PAH** | ||
+ | |||
+ | In the 2021 review the application of a consistent methodology in reporting of PAH emissions | ||
+ | Emissions of PAH depend on the coating material used. \\ | ||
+ | The emission factor in table 3.8 of the actual emission guidebook 2019 for pig iron production (2500 mg/t) is only valid for tar containing coating material and excluded abatement technics. Both assumptions | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Discussion of emission trends===== | ||
+ | The trends in emissions correspond to the trends of emission factors given in the tables above, which are often driven by regulatory measures.\\ | ||
However, since 2010, the main driver of the emission trends in most cases is the activity data. | However, since 2010, the main driver of the emission trends in most cases is the activity data. | ||
===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
- | Replacing data of the preliminary energy balance with data of the final energy balance lead to restatements for the years 2017 and 2018. | + | Recalculations were necessary for 2020 due to the implementation |
<WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
- | For more information on recalculated emission estimates for the Base Year and 2019, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables in the following chapter [[general: | + | For more **information on recalculated emission estimates for the Base Year and 2020**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables in the following chapter [[general: |
</ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
- | HCB emissions from **iron and steel production** have not been included so far due to a lack of emission data (notation key NE). In the past, the standard emission factor was not considered as appropriate, | + | no improvements planned. |
- | For **sinter production**, | + | \\ |