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sector:ippu:other_product_use:fireworks:start [2022/06/10 11:12] – [Methodology] reichelsector:ippu:other_product_use:fireworks:start [2023/06/27 08:50] (current) – [Activity data] kotzulla
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 In 2019, measurements were made by a Finnish laboratory for the VPI – Verband der pyrotechnischen Industrie (Association of the pyrotechnical industry) of dust emissions during the burning of fire works. The experiments were made in a container in which the whole fireworks were burned. \\ In 2019, measurements were made by a Finnish laboratory for the VPI – Verband der pyrotechnischen Industrie (Association of the pyrotechnical industry) of dust emissions during the burning of fire works. The experiments were made in a container in which the whole fireworks were burned. \\
  
-In 2020, VPI and UBA had an intensive information exchange, in which the VPI presented the results of the measurements to the UBA. The different emission factors were discussed and finally based on the expert judgement it was decided which EFs shall be used for the reporting. In the next step the activity data were updated more differentiated. More detailed information about the revised methodology for the calculation of fine particulate emissions from firework is published in the professional journal "Gefahrstoffe" [U. Dauert, F. Keller, S. Kessinger, D. Kuntze, C.Schragen(a)].+In 2020, VPI and UBA had an intensive information exchange, in which the VPI presented the results of the measurements to the UBA. The different emission factors were discussed and finally based on the expert judgement it was decided which EFs shall be used for the reporting. In the next step the activity data were updated more differentiated. More detailed information about the revised methodology for the calculation of fine particulate emissions from firework is published in the professional journal "Gefahrstoffe" [(U. Dauert, F. Keller, S. Kessinger, D. Kuntze, C.Schragen: Feinstaubemissionen aus Feuerwerk zu Silvester und deren Einfluss auf die Luftqualität. Gefahrstoffe 82 (2002) No.1&2, p. 5-22)].
  
 Furthermore, the other EFs have been discussed resultung in some changes to these values.  Furthermore, the other EFs have been discussed resultung in some changes to these values. 
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 For the calculation of the activity data the following formula is used:  For the calculation of the activity data the following formula is used: 
  
-<WRAP center round box 60%>+<WRAP center round info 55%>
 AD = production + import – export – disposal + return<sub>previous year</sub> – return<sub>recent year</sub> AD = production + import – export – disposal + return<sub>previous year</sub> – return<sub>recent year</sub>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
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 The **production, disposal, return from the year before and return of the year** data are yearly updated by the VPI.  The **production, disposal, return from the year before and return of the year** data are yearly updated by the VPI. 
  
-**Import and export:** For the import and export data statistical data from the statistical federal office of Germany were taken (foreign statistics of federal office of statistics)[(Statistisches Bundesamt (51000-0013): Aus- und Einfuhr (Außenhandel), URL: https://www-genesis.destatis.de/genesis/online/data;sid=D7FC9DA10C87E483A48EA26969FF80CF.GO_1_5?operation=abruftabelleAbrufen&selectionname=51000-0013&levelindex=0&levelid=1552378849838&index=13)]. +**Import and export:** For the import and export data statistical data from the statistical federal office of Germany were taken (foreign statistics of federal office of statistics)[(Statistisches Bundesamt (51000-0013): Aus- und Einfuhr (Außenhandel), URL: https://www-genesis.destatis.de/genesis//online?operation=table&code=51000-0013&bypass=true&levelindex=1&levelid=1664263187988)]. 
  
-The sold amounts of fireworks have increased strongly from 1990 to 1995. From 1995 to 1997 the emissions were relatively high but decreased from 1997 to 2005. Since then, the emissions have been relatively constant with small fluctuations.+The sold amounts of fireworks have increased strongly from 1990 to 1995. From 1995 to 1997 the emissions were relatively high but decreased from 1997 to 2000. Since then, the emissions have been relatively constant with small fluctuations. As the sale of fireworks were forbidden in 2020 and 2021 due to corona restrictions the emissions strongly droped down.
  
 **Return**: Amount of unsold fireworks returned to producer **Return**: Amount of unsold fireworks returned to producer
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 __Table 1: Default emission factors applied, in g/t product__ __Table 1: Default emission factors applied, in g/t product__
-|       ^  Default-EF  ^+^  pollutants    ^  Default-EF  ^
 ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  |  3.020       | ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  |  3.020       |
 ^  CO   |  7.150       | ^  CO   |  7.150       |
 ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  |  260         | ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  |  260         |
 ^  Cu   |  444         | ^  Cu   |  444         |
-^  Pb   |  784         |+^  Pb (till 2003)   |  784         |
 ^  Zn   |  260         | ^  Zn   |  260         |
  
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 ^  2019       |  48.085,00        |  63.217,87     |  40.033,58         |  49.974,60     |  48.085,00      |  63.217,87     | ^  2019       |  48.085,00        |  63.217,87     |  40.033,58         |  49.974,60     |  48.085,00      |  63.217,87     |
 ^  2020       |  42.979,14        |  70.081        |  34.730,076        |  55.400        |  42.979,14      |  70.081        | ^  2020       |  42.979,14        |  70.081        |  34.730,076        |  55.400        |  42.979,14      |  70.081        |
 +^  2021       |  51.421,30        |  53.130        |  42.704,70         |  42.000        |  51.421,30      |  53.130        |
  
  
-The EMEP Guidebook offers Default-EFs for the pollutants Ar, Hg, Ni and Cr. But the VPI has proofed that these emissions does not occur in Germany. And the VPI has further proofed that Pb emissions does not anymore occur since 2003. See the following explanations:+The EMEP Guidebook offers Default-EFs for the pollutants As, Hg, Ni and Cr. But the VPI has proofed that these emissions does not occur in Germany. And the VPI has further proofed that Pb emissions does not anymore occur since 2003. See the following explanations:
  
 **As and Hg:** For As and Hg the members of the VPI have confirmed that Ar and Hg are not anymore used since 1980. Since About 1980 the explosives administrative regulation (Sprengverwaltungsvorschrift) is regulating which substances are allowed to be used and As and Hg are forbidden to be used. Since 2003 the DIN EN  14035:2003 went in force, which did forbit these substances. The actual follow up norm DIN EN 15947-5 was published in February 2016 and describes the german implementation of the harmonized and in the official journal of the European union 2017, C 149/2 published norm EN 15947:2015. **As and Hg:** For As and Hg the members of the VPI have confirmed that Ar and Hg are not anymore used since 1980. Since About 1980 the explosives administrative regulation (Sprengverwaltungsvorschrift) is regulating which substances are allowed to be used and As and Hg are forbidden to be used. Since 2003 the DIN EN  14035:2003 went in force, which did forbit these substances. The actual follow up norm DIN EN 15947-5 was published in February 2016 and describes the german implementation of the harmonized and in the official journal of the European union 2017, C 149/2 published norm EN 15947:2015.
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 **Cr:** According the information from the members of the VPI Cr is not anymore used since the beginning of the 1980. Since 2012 (REACH Annex XIV (Ordinance (EU) Nr. 125/2012) Cr was implemented in the REACH Annex XIV. So from that year a permission duty is necessary. So far, none of the fireworks producers has requested for a permission.   **Cr:** According the information from the members of the VPI Cr is not anymore used since the beginning of the 1980. Since 2012 (REACH Annex XIV (Ordinance (EU) Nr. 125/2012) Cr was implemented in the REACH Annex XIV. So from that year a permission duty is necessary. So far, none of the fireworks producers has requested for a permission.  
 +
 +==== Uncertainties ==== 
 +The uncertainty for the AD is given as 10%.
  
 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
- 
-There are no recalculations.  
  
 <WRAP center round info 60%> <WRAP center round info 60%>
-For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].+With **activity data and emission factors remaining unrevised**, no recalculations were carried out compared to Submission 2022.
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
-==== Uncertainties ====  
-The uncertainty for the AD is given as 10%. 
  
 ==== Planned improvements ====  ==== Planned improvements ====