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sector:ippu:other_solvent_and_product_use:other_solvent_use:start [2022/03/01 14:58] – [Planned improvements] kotzulla | sector:ippu:other_solvent_and_product_use:other_solvent_use:start [2023/03/21 09:23] – [Use of lubricants in stationary applications] reichel | ||
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In source category //2.D.3.i - Other Solvent Use//, emissions from various product groups and processes and also from lubricants use in stationary and mobile applications are reported. Relevant pollutants are NMVOC and some heavy metals. | In source category //2.D.3.i - Other Solvent Use//, emissions from various product groups and processes and also from lubricants use in stationary and mobile applications are reported. Relevant pollutants are NMVOC and some heavy metals. | ||
- | ^ Category Code | + | ^ Category Code |
- | | [[#Other solvent use|2.D.3.i - Other solvent use]] | NMVOC ||| T2 |||| NS | + | | [[#Other solvent use|2.D.3.i - Other solvent use]] | NMVOC |
- | | [[#Use of lubricants in stationary applications|2.D.3.i - Use of lubricants in stationary applications]] | + | | [[#Use of lubricants in stationary applications|2.D.3.i - Use of lubricants in stationary applications]] |
- | | [[#Use of lubricants in mobile applications|2.D.3.i - Use of lubricants in mobile applications]] | + | | [[#Use of lubricants in mobile applications|2.D.3.i - Use of lubricants in mobile applications]] |
- | ^ Key Category | + | ^ |
- | | 2.D.3.i | + | | Key Category: |
| | ||
\\ | \\ | ||
- | {{page> | ||
- | \\ | ||
===== 2.D.3.i - Other solvent use ===== | ===== 2.D.3.i - Other solvent use ===== | ||
==== Method ==== | ==== Method ==== | ||
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=== General procedure === | === General procedure === | ||
- | NMVOC emissions are calculated in keeping | + | NMVOC emissions are calculated in accordance |
* Quantities of VOC-containing (pre-) products and agents used in the report year, | * Quantities of VOC-containing (pre-) products and agents used in the report year, | ||
* The VOC concentrations in these products (substances and preparations), | * The VOC concentrations in these products (substances and preparations), | ||
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==== Discussion of emission trends ==== | ==== Discussion of emission trends ==== | ||
=== General information === | === General information === | ||
- | Since 1990, so the data, NMVOC emissions from use of solvents and solvent-containing products in general have decreased by nearly | + | Since 1990, so the data, NMVOC emissions from use of solvents and solvent-containing products in general have decreased by nearly |
=== Specific information === | === Specific information === | ||
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**Domestic Consumption: | **Domestic Consumption: | ||
- | **Solvent content:** For each application / product, a relative error at ±15% was applied | + | **Solvent content:** For each application / product, a relative error at ±15% was applied, but not exceeding 100% or falling below 0%. |
- | **Emission factors:** A relative error at ±15% was applied, but not exceeding 100% or falling below 0%. Exceptions were de-icing applications, | + | **Emission factors:** A relative error at ±15% was applied, but not exceeding 100% or falling below 0%. Exceptions were de-icing applications, |
Hence, the overall uncertainty of emissions caused by application of products of this source group is between 40% and 60%. | Hence, the overall uncertainty of emissions caused by application of products of this source group is between 40% and 60%. | ||
==== Recalculations ==== | ==== Recalculations ==== | ||
- | There are no recalculations. | + | |
+ | Routinely, the NMVOC emissions of the last reported year must be actualized in the next reporting cycle as the final data of the foreign trade statistics | ||
+ | |||
+ | For the year 2020, this adjustment is postponed to the submission 2024 because for some applications the calculation bases also have to be reviewed for further years and this review could not be completed in time for the 2023 reporting. | ||
<WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
- | For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general: | + | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general: |
</ | </ | ||
==== Planned improvements ==== | ==== Planned improvements ==== | ||
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------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ||
===== Use of lubricants in stationary applications ===== | ===== Use of lubricants in stationary applications ===== | ||
+ | |||
==== Method ==== | ==== Method ==== | ||
Sub-category //2.D.3.i - Other product use: Use of lubricants in stationary applications// | Sub-category //2.D.3.i - Other product use: Use of lubricants in stationary applications// | ||
- | * Automotive and industrial gear oils | ||
* Compressor oils | * Compressor oils | ||
* Turbine oils | * Turbine oils | ||
+ | * Gear oils (automotive oils including automatic transmission fluids, industrial-gear oils) | ||
* Hydraulic oils | * Hydraulic oils | ||
- | * Electro insulating | + | * Insulating |
* Machine oils | * Machine oils | ||
* Process oils | * Process oils | ||
* Other industrial oils not for lubricating purposes | * Other industrial oils not for lubricating purposes | ||
- | * Metal working fluids | + | * Metal working fluids |
* Greases | * Greases | ||
* Base oils | * Base oils | ||
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\\ | \\ | ||
- | The consumption of lubricants in Germany has remained at a relatively constant level since 1990, apart from a sharp decrease in 2009 that was related to the overall economic situation. | + | The consumption of lubricants in Germany has remained at a relatively constant level since 1990, apart from a sharp decrease in 2009 and in 2020. In 2021 the consumption of lubricants slightly rebound. |
=== Emission factors === | === Emission factors === | ||
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Along the life cycle of the different lubricant types, different kinds of losses occur. Only some types of losses are of relevance with regard to air emissions and the different lubricants types differ significantly from each other. Relevant emitted pollutants identified for lubricants are NMVOC and CO< | Along the life cycle of the different lubricant types, different kinds of losses occur. Only some types of losses are of relevance with regard to air emissions and the different lubricants types differ significantly from each other. Relevant emitted pollutants identified for lubricants are NMVOC and CO< | ||
- | For Electro insulating | + | For Insulating |
- | All emission factors are determined in a research project (UBA, 2018)< | + | All emission factors are are constant in the entire time series. They were determined in a research project (UBA, 2018)< |
- | __Table 1: Tier 2 emission | + | __Table 1: Tier 2 emission |
| | | ** NMVOC ** || | | | | | ** NMVOC ** || | | ||
^ Lubricant-type group | ^ Lubricant-type group | ||
- | | ** Automotive gear oils ** | ||
- | | ** Industrial gear oils ** | ||
| ** Compressor oils ** | =< 1 % | 1.5 % | 1 - 2 % | < | | ** Compressor oils ** | =< 1 % | 1.5 % | 1 - 2 % | < | ||
| ** Turbine oils ** | | ** Turbine oils ** | ||
+ | | ** Automotive gear oils ** | ||
+ | | ** Industrial gear oils ** | ||
| ** Hydraulic oils ** | | ** Hydraulic oils ** | ||
| ** Machine oils ** | | ** Machine oils ** | ||
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| ** Base oils ** | 4 - 16 % | 10 % | | ** Base oils ** | 4 - 16 % | 10 % | ||
+ | In 1995 four categories fell away/ceased to exist (Table 2) and three type groups were newly introduced due to modifications/ | ||
+ | __Table 2: Handling of categories in the Mineral Oil Statistics, 1990-1994__ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ Category | ||
+ | | Other lubricating oils, specialty and other lubricating oils, non-specialty | ||
+ | | Other mineral oils for special applications | ||
+ | | Light-coloured plasticisers and extender oils | Extender oils and plasticisers are classified with the process oils. They are handled accordingly. | ||
==== Uncertainties ==== | ==== Uncertainties ==== | ||
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The emission factors are based on a broad review of literature and results from relevant research projects and have been discussed with senior lubricant experts. The experts suggested using ranges which are provided in the emission factor table 1. | The emission factors are based on a broad review of literature and results from relevant research projects and have been discussed with senior lubricant experts. The experts suggested using ranges which are provided in the emission factor table 1. | ||
+ | The modifications of the Mineral Oil Statistics in 1995 show no impact of overall amount of lubricants. Only a reclassification of lubricants from unspecified application categories to specified application categories was made. The emissions for the years 1990-1994 could therefore be just up to 25% to high. | ||
==== Recalculations ==== | ==== Recalculations ==== | ||
- | Recalculation of NMVOC emissions in the year 2011 due to correction of emission factor (wrong decimal point). | + | Recalculations were not neccessary. |
- | <WRAP center round info 60%> | + | <WRAP center round info 65%> |
- | For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019, please see the pollutant specific | + | For **pollutant-specific |
</ | </ | ||
==== Planned improvements ==== | ==== Planned improvements ==== | ||
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**Lit. | **Lit. | ||
**Lit. | **Lit. | ||
- | **Lit. | + | **Lit. |
**Lit. | **Lit. | ||
**Lit. 10:** Möller, U. J. Altölentsorgung durch Verwertung und Beseitigung; | **Lit. 10:** Möller, U. J. Altölentsorgung durch Verwertung und Beseitigung; | ||
**Lit. 11:** Bartz, W. J.; Springer, G.; Blanke, H.-J. Expert Praxislexikon Tribologie Plus: 2010 Begriffe für Studium und Beruf, 2., völlig neubearb. Aufl. des Lexikons der Schmierungstechnik von G. Vögtle; Expert Verlag: Renningen, 2000.) \\ | **Lit. 11:** Bartz, W. J.; Springer, G.; Blanke, H.-J. Expert Praxislexikon Tribologie Plus: 2010 Begriffe für Studium und Beruf, 2., völlig neubearb. Aufl. des Lexikons der Schmierungstechnik von G. Vögtle; Expert Verlag: Renningen, 2000.) \\ | ||
- | **Lit. 12:** VSI. Grundöle; | + | **Lit. 12:** VSI. Grundöle; |
**Lit. 13:** Kolshorn, K.-U.; Wiesert, P.; Götz, R.; Rippen, G. Ermittlung von Altölvermeidungspotentialen: | **Lit. 13:** Kolshorn, K.-U.; Wiesert, P.; Götz, R.; Rippen, G. Ermittlung von Altölvermeidungspotentialen: | ||
**Lit. 14:** UBA, 2018: Zimmermann, T.; Jepsen, D. (2018) Entwicklung von Methoden zur Berechnung von Treibhausgas- und Luftschadstoffemissionen aus der Verwendung von Schmierstoffen und Wachsen.) \\ | **Lit. 14:** UBA, 2018: Zimmermann, T.; Jepsen, D. (2018) Entwicklung von Methoden zur Berechnung von Treibhausgas- und Luftschadstoffemissionen aus der Verwendung von Schmierstoffen und Wachsen.) \\ | ||
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Basically, the amounts of lubricants unintentionally co-incinerated in engines other than 2-strokes is estimated from the annual amounts of fuels used in these engines, excluding the amounts of fuels used for international aviation and navigation. | Basically, the amounts of lubricants unintentionally co-incinerated in engines other than 2-strokes is estimated from the annual amounts of fuels used in these engines, excluding the amounts of fuels used for international aviation and navigation. | ||
- | Here, the majority of lubricant co-incineration takes place in road vehicles. These related amounts of co-incinerated lubricants are calculated directly within TREMOD [((bibcite 1))]. | + | Here, the majority of lubricant co-incineration takes place in road vehicles. These related amounts of co-incinerated lubricants are calculated directly within TREMOD [(KNOERR2022a)]. |
__Table 1: Annual amounts of lubricants co-incinerated in mobile vehicles and machinery - excluding 2-stroke engines, in terajoules__ | __Table 1: Annual amounts of lubricants co-incinerated in mobile vehicles and machinery - excluding 2-stroke engines, in terajoules__ | ||
- | ^ 1990 | + | ^ 1990 |
- | | 1,400 | 1,602 | + | | 1,400 | 1,601 |
- | source: own estimations and TREMOD [(KNOERR2020a)] | + | source: own estimations and TREMOD [(KNOERR2022a)] |
The **emission factors** are derived from chapter // | The **emission factors** are derived from chapter // | ||
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__Table 3: Annual heavy-metal emissions from co-incinerated lubricants, in metric tonnes__ | __Table 3: Annual heavy-metal emissions from co-incinerated lubricants, in metric tonnes__ | ||
- | | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 | + | | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2011 ^ 2012 ^ 2013 ^ 2014 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 |
- | ^ As | + | ^ As | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
- | ^ Cd | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | | + | ^ Cd | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.20 | |
- | ^ Cr | 0.67 | 0.77 | 0.83 | | + | ^ Cr | 0.67 | 0.77 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.96 | |
- | ^ Cu | 27.3 | 31.3 | 33.5 | | + | ^ Cu | 27.3 | 31.3 | 33.4 | 34.1 | 35.0 | 35.6 | 35.6 | 35.9 | 36.7 | 37.4 | 38.0 | 38.5 | 38.6 | 38.9 | 34.5 | |
- | ^ Hg | + | ^ Hg | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
- | ^ Ni | 1.12 | 1.28 | 1.37 | | + | ^ Ni | 1.12 | 1.28 | 1.37 | 1.40 | 1.43 | 1.46 | 1.46 | 1.47 | 1.50 | 1.53 | 1.56 | 1.58 | 1.58 | 1.59 | 1.41 | |
- | ^ Pb | + | ^ Pb | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
- | ^ Se | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | | + | ^ Se | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.20 | |
- | ^ Zn | 15.8 | 18.1 | 19.4 | | + | ^ Zn | 15.8 | 18.1 | 19.3 | 19.7 | 20.2 | 20.6 | 20.6 | 20.8 | 21.2 | 21.6 | 22.0 | 22.3 | 22.3 | 22.5 | 19.9 | 19.7 | |
+ | |||
===== Recalculations===== | ===== Recalculations===== | ||
**Activity data** (annual amounts of unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants) have been revised slightly for the entire time series. | **Activity data** (annual amounts of unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants) have been revised slightly for the entire time series. | ||
- | Here, for 2018 only, larger changes occur due to the finalisation of this year's National Energy Balance. | ||
- | __Table: Revised annual amounts of unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants, in terajoules__ | + | __Table |
- | | ^ 1990 | + | | ^ 1990 |
- | ^ Submission 2022 | + | ^ current submission |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | + | ^ previous submission |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
- | On the other hand, the tier1 **emission factors** applied so far, remain | + | On the other hand, the tier1 **emission factors** applied so far, remain |
Therefore, the canges in the **emission estimates** reported for this sub-category result solely from the named revisions in activity data. | Therefore, the canges in the **emission estimates** reported for this sub-category result solely from the named revisions in activity data. | ||
<WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
- | For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general: | + | For **pollutant-specific |
</ | </ | ||
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Although there are no improvements planned for this specific sub-category, | Although there are no improvements planned for this specific sub-category, | ||
- | [(KNOERR20210a> Knörr et al. (2021a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: | + | |
+ | [(KNOERR2022a> Knörr et al. (2022a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: | ||
[(EMEPEEA2019> | [(EMEPEEA2019> |