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sector:ippu:other_solvent_and_product_use:other_solvent_use:start [2022/03/29 10:15] – [Method] reichel | sector:ippu:other_solvent_and_product_use:other_solvent_use:start [2023/03/21 09:26] – reichel | ||
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===== 2.D.3.i - Other solvent use ===== | ===== 2.D.3.i - Other solvent use ===== | ||
==== Method ==== | ==== Method ==== | ||
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**Domestic Consumption: | **Domestic Consumption: | ||
- | **Solvent content:** For each application / product, a relative error at ±15% was applied | + | **Solvent content:** For each application / product, a relative error at ±15% was applied, but not exceeding 100% or falling below 0%. |
- | **Emission factors:** A relative error at ±15% was applied, but not exceeding 100% or falling below 0%. Exceptions were de-icing applications, | + | **Emission factors:** A relative error at ±15% was applied, but not exceeding 100% or falling below 0%. Exceptions were de-icing applications, |
Hence, the overall uncertainty of emissions caused by application of products of this source group is between 40% and 60%. | Hence, the overall uncertainty of emissions caused by application of products of this source group is between 40% and 60%. | ||
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==== Recalculations ==== | ==== Recalculations ==== | ||
- | As the emission data for the 2021 reporting | + | Routinely, |
+ | |||
+ | For the year 2020, this adjustment is postponed | ||
<WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
- | For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and actual year, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general: | + | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general: |
</ | </ | ||
==== Planned improvements ==== | ==== Planned improvements ==== | ||
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------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ||
+ | |||
===== Use of lubricants in stationary applications ===== | ===== Use of lubricants in stationary applications ===== | ||
+ | |||
==== Method ==== | ==== Method ==== | ||
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- | === Activity data === | + | == Activity data == |
The emissions calculation method follows a Tier-2 approach. It uses national statistical data < | The emissions calculation method follows a Tier-2 approach. It uses national statistical data < | ||
\\ | \\ | ||
- | The consumption of lubricants in Germany has remained at a relatively constant level since 1990, apart from a sharp decrease in 2009 and in 2020. | + | The consumption of lubricants in Germany has remained at a relatively constant level since 1990, apart from a sharp decrease in 2009 and in 2020. In 2021 the consumption of lubricants slightly rebound. |
- | === Emission factors | + | == Emission factors == |
Along the life cycle of the different lubricant types, different kinds of losses occur. Only some types of losses are of relevance with regard to air emissions and the different lubricants types differ significantly from each other. Relevant emitted pollutants identified for lubricants are NMVOC and CO< | Along the life cycle of the different lubricant types, different kinds of losses occur. Only some types of losses are of relevance with regard to air emissions and the different lubricants types differ significantly from each other. Relevant emitted pollutants identified for lubricants are NMVOC and CO< | ||
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| ** Base oils ** | 4 - 16 % | 10 % | | ** Base oils ** | 4 - 16 % | 10 % | ||
+ | In 1995 four categories fell away/ceased to exist (Table 2) and three type groups were newly introduced due to modifications/ | ||
- | ==== Uncertainties | + | __Table 2: Handling of categories in the Mineral Oil Statistics, 1990-1994__ |
+ | |||
+ | ^ Category | ||
+ | | Other lubricating oils, specialty and other lubricating oils, non-specialty | ||
+ | | Other mineral oils for special applications | ||
+ | | Light-coloured plasticisers and extender oils | Extender oils and plasticisers are classified with the process oils. They are handled accordingly. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | == Uncertainties == | ||
For activity data, an uncertainty of 5 percent is assumed considering the well developed national statistics. | For activity data, an uncertainty of 5 percent is assumed considering the well developed national statistics. | ||
The emission factors are based on a broad review of literature and results from relevant research projects and have been discussed with senior lubricant experts. The experts suggested using ranges which are provided in the emission factor table 1. | The emission factors are based on a broad review of literature and results from relevant research projects and have been discussed with senior lubricant experts. The experts suggested using ranges which are provided in the emission factor table 1. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The modifications of the Mineral Oil Statistics in 1995 show no impact of overall amount of lubricants. Only a reclassification of lubricants from unspecified application categories to specified application categories was made. The emissions for the years 1990-1994 could therefore be just up to 25% to high. | ||
==== Recalculations ==== | ==== Recalculations ==== | ||
- | Recalculation of NMVOC emissions in the year 2011 due to correction of emission factor (wrong decimal point). | + | Recalculations were not neccessary. |
<WRAP center round info 65%> | <WRAP center round info 65%> | ||
- | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the recalculation tables following chapter [[general: | + | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the recalculation tables following chapter [[general: |
</ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
==== Planned improvements ==== | ==== Planned improvements ==== | ||
No category-specific improvements are planned. | No category-specific improvements are planned. | ||
+ | |||
==== Bibliography ==== | ==== Bibliography ==== | ||
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**Lit. | **Lit. | ||
**Lit. | **Lit. | ||
- | **Lit. | + | **Lit. |
**Lit. | **Lit. | ||
**Lit. 10:** Möller, U. J. Altölentsorgung durch Verwertung und Beseitigung; | **Lit. 10:** Möller, U. J. Altölentsorgung durch Verwertung und Beseitigung; | ||
**Lit. 11:** Bartz, W. J.; Springer, G.; Blanke, H.-J. Expert Praxislexikon Tribologie Plus: 2010 Begriffe für Studium und Beruf, 2., völlig neubearb. Aufl. des Lexikons der Schmierungstechnik von G. Vögtle; Expert Verlag: Renningen, 2000.) \\ | **Lit. 11:** Bartz, W. J.; Springer, G.; Blanke, H.-J. Expert Praxislexikon Tribologie Plus: 2010 Begriffe für Studium und Beruf, 2., völlig neubearb. Aufl. des Lexikons der Schmierungstechnik von G. Vögtle; Expert Verlag: Renningen, 2000.) \\ | ||
- | **Lit. 12:** VSI. Grundöle; | + | **Lit. 12:** VSI. Grundöle; |
**Lit. 13:** Kolshorn, K.-U.; Wiesert, P.; Götz, R.; Rippen, G. Ermittlung von Altölvermeidungspotentialen: | **Lit. 13:** Kolshorn, K.-U.; Wiesert, P.; Götz, R.; Rippen, G. Ermittlung von Altölvermeidungspotentialen: | ||
**Lit. 14:** UBA, 2018: Zimmermann, T.; Jepsen, D. (2018) Entwicklung von Methoden zur Berechnung von Treibhausgas- und Luftschadstoffemissionen aus der Verwendung von Schmierstoffen und Wachsen.) \\ | **Lit. 14:** UBA, 2018: Zimmermann, T.; Jepsen, D. (2018) Entwicklung von Methoden zur Berechnung von Treibhausgas- und Luftschadstoffemissionen aus der Verwendung von Schmierstoffen und Wachsen.) \\ | ||
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Basically, the amounts of lubricants unintentionally co-incinerated in engines other than 2-strokes is estimated from the annual amounts of fuels used in these engines, excluding the amounts of fuels used for international aviation and navigation. | Basically, the amounts of lubricants unintentionally co-incinerated in engines other than 2-strokes is estimated from the annual amounts of fuels used in these engines, excluding the amounts of fuels used for international aviation and navigation. | ||
- | Here, the majority of lubricant co-incineration takes place in road vehicles. These related amounts of co-incinerated lubricants are calculated directly within TREMOD [(KNOERR2021a)]. | + | Here, the majority of lubricant co-incineration takes place in road vehicles. These related amounts of co-incinerated lubricants are calculated directly within TREMOD [(KNOERR2022a)]. |
__Table 1: Annual amounts of lubricants co-incinerated in mobile vehicles and machinery - excluding 2-stroke engines, in terajoules__ | __Table 1: Annual amounts of lubricants co-incinerated in mobile vehicles and machinery - excluding 2-stroke engines, in terajoules__ | ||
- | ^ 1990 | + | ^ 1990 |
- | | 1,400 | 1,602 | + | | 1,400 | 1,601 |
- | source: own estimations and TREMOD [(KNOERR2021a)] | + | source: own estimations and TREMOD [(KNOERR2022a)] |
The **emission factors** are derived from chapter // | The **emission factors** are derived from chapter // | ||
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__Table 3: Annual heavy-metal emissions from co-incinerated lubricants, in metric tonnes__ | __Table 3: Annual heavy-metal emissions from co-incinerated lubricants, in metric tonnes__ | ||
- | | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 | + | | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2011 ^ 2012 ^ 2013 ^ 2014 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 |
- | ^ As | + | ^ As | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
- | ^ Cd | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | | + | ^ Cd | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.20 | |
- | ^ Cr | 0.67 | 0.77 | 0.83 | | + | ^ Cr | 0.67 | 0.77 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.96 | |
- | ^ Cu | 27.3 | 31.3 | 33.5 | | + | ^ Cu | 27.3 | 31.3 | 33.4 | 34.1 | 35.0 | 35.6 | 35.6 | 35.9 | 36.7 | 37.4 | 38.0 | 38.5 | 38.6 | 38.9 | 34.5 | |
- | ^ Hg | + | ^ Hg | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
- | ^ Ni | 1.12 | 1.28 | 1.37 | | + | ^ Ni | 1.12 | 1.28 | 1.37 | 1.40 | 1.43 | 1.46 | 1.46 | 1.47 | 1.50 | 1.53 | 1.56 | 1.58 | 1.58 | 1.59 | 1.41 | |
- | ^ Pb | + | ^ Pb | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
- | ^ Se | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | | + | ^ Se | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.20 | |
- | ^ Zn | 15.8 | 18.1 | 19.4 | | + | ^ Zn | 15.8 | 18.1 | 19.3 | 19.7 | 20.2 | 20.6 | 20.6 | 20.8 | 21.2 | 21.6 | 22.0 | 22.3 | 22.3 | 22.5 | 19.9 | |
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**Activity data** (annual amounts of unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants) have been revised slightly for the entire time series. | **Activity data** (annual amounts of unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants) have been revised slightly for the entire time series. | ||
- | Here, for 2019, larger changes occur due to the finalisation of this year's National Energy Balance, whereas for 2018 the erronous over-all amount of co-incinerated lubricants has been corrected. | ||
- | __Table: Revised annual amounts of unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants, in terajoules__ | + | __Table |
- | | ^ 1990 | + | | ^ 1990 |
- | ^ Submission 2022 | + | ^ current submission |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | + | ^ previous submission |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
- | On the other hand, the tier1 **emission factors** applied so far, remain | + | On the other hand, the tier1 **emission factors** applied so far, remain |
Therefore, the canges in the **emission estimates** reported for this sub-category result solely from the named revisions in activity data. | Therefore, the canges in the **emission estimates** reported for this sub-category result solely from the named revisions in activity data. | ||
<WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
- | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general: | + | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general: |
</ | </ | ||
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Although there are no improvements planned for this specific sub-category, | Although there are no improvements planned for this specific sub-category, | ||
- | [(KNOERR20210a> Knörr et al. (2021a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: | + | |
+ | [(KNOERR2022a> Knörr et al. (2022a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: | ||
[(EMEPEEA2019> | [(EMEPEEA2019> |