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sector:ippu:other_solvent_and_product_use:other_solvent_use:start [2022/11/15 09:25] – [Table] kotzullasector:ippu:other_solvent_and_product_use:other_solvent_use:start [2023/06/27 08:49] (current) – [Method] kotzulla
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 \\ \\
  
-{{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}} 
  
-\\ 
 ===== 2.D.3.i - Other solvent use ===== ===== 2.D.3.i - Other solvent use =====
 ==== Method ==== ==== Method ====
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   * The VOC concentrations in these products (substances and preparations),   * The VOC concentrations in these products (substances and preparations),
   * The relevant application and emission conditions (or the resulting specific emission factor).   * The relevant application and emission conditions (or the resulting specific emission factor).
 +
 The quantity of the solvent-based (pre-)product corresponds to the domestic consumption which is the sum of domestic production plus import minus export. The quantity of the solvent-based (pre-)product corresponds to the domestic consumption which is the sum of domestic production plus import minus export.
  
-^ VOC Emission = domestic consumption of a certain product * solvent content * specific emission factor     ^^+<WRAP center round info 55%> 
 +EM<sub>VOC</sub> = domestic consumption of a certain product ∙ solvent content ∙ EF<sub>product</sub> 
 +</WRAP>
  
 The calculated NMVOC emissions of different product groups for a source category are then aggregated.  The calculated NMVOC emissions of different product groups for a source category are then aggregated. 
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 **Domestic Consumption:** The applied relative uncertainty was ±10% for all applications. **Domestic Consumption:** The applied relative uncertainty was ±10% for all applications.
  
-**Solvent content:** For each application / product, a relative error at ±15% was applied (exception: lubricants at 25%), but not exceeding 100% or falling below 0%.+**Solvent content:** For each application / product, a relative error at ±15% was applied, but not exceeding 100% or falling below 0%.
  
-**Emission factors:** A relative error at ±15% was applied, but not exceeding 100% or falling below 0%. Exceptions were de-icing applications, applications in scientific laboratories and lubricants with a relative error at 25%.+**Emission factors:** A relative error at ±15% was applied, but not exceeding 100% or falling below 0%. Exceptions were de-icing applications, applications in scientific laboratories with a relative error at 25%.
  
 Hence, the overall uncertainty of emissions caused by application of products of this source group is between 40% and 60%. Hence, the overall uncertainty of emissions caused by application of products of this source group is between 40% and 60%.
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 ==== Recalculations ==== ==== Recalculations ====
  
-As the emission data for the 2021 reporting could not be completely revised due to staff constraints and for these reasons the emission data for 2018 had to be updated in last year's reporting, a complete recalculation of the emission data for 2019 and 2020 was carried out for this year's reporting. In doing so, it was also possible to take into account the current changes in the systematics of the national production statistics and the foreign trade statistics. +Routinely, the NMVOC emissions of the last reported year must be actualized in the next reporting cycle as the final data of the foreign trade statistics are regularly only available after the publication of the respective reporting year has been completed.  
 + 
 +For the year 2020, this adjustment is postponed to the submission 2024 because for some applications the calculation bases also have to be reviewed for further years and this review could not be completed in time for the 2023 reporting.
  
 <WRAP center round info 60%> <WRAP center round info 60%>
-For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and actual year, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].+For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 ==== Planned improvements ==== ==== Planned improvements ====
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 ------------------------------- -------------------------------
 +
 ===== Use of lubricants in stationary applications ===== ===== Use of lubricants in stationary applications =====
 +
 ==== Method ==== ==== Method ====
  
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-=== Activity data ===+== Activity data ==
  
 The emissions calculation method follows a Tier-2 approach. It uses national statistical data <sup>**[[#Bibliography| [Lit. 1]]]**</sup> for the quantities placed on the market specific per lubricant types as activity rate and specific emission factors for each lubricant type. It is assumed that the amount of lubricants placed on the market per year equals the lubricant use (consumption) in the same year. The emissions calculation method follows a Tier-2 approach. It uses national statistical data <sup>**[[#Bibliography| [Lit. 1]]]**</sup> for the quantities placed on the market specific per lubricant types as activity rate and specific emission factors for each lubricant type. It is assumed that the amount of lubricants placed on the market per year equals the lubricant use (consumption) in the same year.
 \\  \\ 
  
-The consumption of lubricants in Germany has remained at a relatively constant level since 1990, apart from a sharp decrease in 2009 and in 2020.+The consumption of lubricants in Germany has remained at a relatively constant level since 1990, apart from a sharp decrease in 2009 and in 2020. In 2021 the consumption of lubricants slightly rebound. 
  
-=== Emission factors ===+== Emission factors ==
  
 Along the life cycle of the different lubricant types, different kinds of losses occur. Only some types of losses are of relevance with regard to air emissions and the different lubricants types differ significantly from each other. Relevant emitted pollutants identified for lubricants are NMVOC and CO<sub>2</sub>. But only for engine oils used in machinery and in vehicles emission of both could be accounted for due to combustion of a small fraction of lubricating oils directly resulting in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Along the life cycle of the different lubricant types, different kinds of losses occur. Only some types of losses are of relevance with regard to air emissions and the different lubricants types differ significantly from each other. Relevant emitted pollutants identified for lubricants are NMVOC and CO<sub>2</sub>. But only for engine oils used in machinery and in vehicles emission of both could be accounted for due to combustion of a small fraction of lubricating oils directly resulting in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions.
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 | Other mineral oils for special applications           | This category contains no lubricating oils. It is handled like the category “Other industrial oils not used for lubrication” which is lacking in the 1990-1994 period.  | 25 %                    | | Other mineral oils for special applications           | This category contains no lubricating oils. It is handled like the category “Other industrial oils not used for lubrication” which is lacking in the 1990-1994 period.  | 25 %                    |
 | Light-coloured plasticisers and extender oils  | Extender oils and plasticisers are classified with the process oils. They are handled accordingly.                                                                      | 0 %                     | | Light-coloured plasticisers and extender oils  | Extender oils and plasticisers are classified with the process oils. They are handled accordingly.                                                                      | 0 %                     |
-==== Uncertainties ====+ 
 + 
 +== Uncertainties ==
  
 For activity data, an uncertainty of 5 percent is assumed considering the well developed national statistics. For activity data, an uncertainty of 5 percent is assumed considering the well developed national statistics.
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 The modifications of the Mineral Oil Statistics in 1995 show no impact of overall amount of lubricants. Only a reclassification of lubricants from unspecified application categories to specified application categories was made. The emissions for the years 1990-1994 could therefore be just up to 25% to high. The modifications of the Mineral Oil Statistics in 1995 show no impact of overall amount of lubricants. Only a reclassification of lubricants from unspecified application categories to specified application categories was made. The emissions for the years 1990-1994 could therefore be just up to 25% to high.
-==== Recalculations ==== 
  
-Recalculations of NMVOC emissions were done for the entire time series because of the integration of automotive gear oils. 
  
-<WRAP center round info 65%> +==== Recalculations ==== 
-For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start | 8.1 - Recalculations]].+ 
 +<WRAP center round info 60%> 
 +With **activity data and emission factors remaining unrevised**, no recalculations were carried out compared to Submission 2022.
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 +
 +
 +
 ==== Planned improvements ==== ==== Planned improvements ====
  
 No category-specific improvements are planned. No category-specific improvements are planned.
 +
  
 ==== Bibliography ==== ==== Bibliography ====
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 Basically, the amounts of lubricants unintentionally co-incinerated in engines other than 2-strokes is estimated from the annual amounts of fuels used in these engines, excluding the amounts of fuels used for international aviation and navigation.  Basically, the amounts of lubricants unintentionally co-incinerated in engines other than 2-strokes is estimated from the annual amounts of fuels used in these engines, excluding the amounts of fuels used for international aviation and navigation. 
  
-Here, the majority of lubricant co-incineration takes place in road vehicles. These related amounts of co-incinerated lubricants are calculated directly within TREMOD [(KNOERR2021a)].+Here, the majority of lubricant co-incineration takes place in road vehicles. These related amounts of co-incinerated lubricants are calculated directly within TREMOD [(KNOERR2022a)].
  
 __Table 1: Annual amounts of lubricants co-incinerated in mobile vehicles and machinery - excluding 2-stroke engines, in terajoules__ __Table 1: Annual amounts of lubricants co-incinerated in mobile vehicles and machinery - excluding 2-stroke engines, in terajoules__
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 |  1,400  |  1,601  |  1,713  |  1,746  |  1,792  |  1,822  |  1,821  |  1,838  |  1,881  |  1,916  |  1,946  |  1,971  |  1,977  |  1,990  | 1,765  |  1,745 | |  1,400  |  1,601  |  1,713  |  1,746  |  1,792  |  1,822  |  1,821  |  1,838  |  1,881  |  1,916  |  1,946  |  1,971  |  1,977  |  1,990  | 1,765  |  1,745 |
  
-source: own estimations and TREMOD [(KNOERR2021a)]+source: own estimations and TREMOD [(KNOERR2022a)]
  
 The **emission factors** are derived from chapter //1.A.3.b.i-iv Road transport 2019//, Table 3-87 of the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019 [(EMEPEEA2019)]. The **emission factors** are derived from chapter //1.A.3.b.i-iv Road transport 2019//, Table 3-87 of the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019 [(EMEPEEA2019)].
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 __Table 3: Annual heavy-metal emissions from co-incinerated lubricants, in metric tonnes__ __Table 3: Annual heavy-metal emissions from co-incinerated lubricants, in metric tonnes__
-|      ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2006  ^  2007  ^  2008  ^  2009  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^ +|      ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^ 
-^  As  |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 | +^  As  |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 | 
-^  Cd  |   0.16 |   0.18 |   0.20 |   0.20 |   0.20 |   0.20 |   0.20 |   0.20 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.22 |   0.22 |   0.22 |   0.22 |   0.22 |   0.23 |   0.20 | +^  Cd  |   0.16 |   0.18 |   0.20 |   0.20 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.22 |   0.22 |   0.22 |   0.23 |   0.23 |   0.23 |   0.20 |   0.20 | 
-^  Cr  |   0.67 |   0.77 |   0.83 |   0.84 |   0.85 |   0.86 |   0.85 |   0.86 |   0.87 |   0.88 |   0.88 |   0.89 |   0.91 |   0.92 |   0.94 |   0.95 |   0.95 |   0.96 |   0.85 | +^  Cr  |   0.67 |   0.77 |   0.83 |   0.84 |   0.86 |   0.88 |   0.88 |   0.89 |   0.91 |   0.92 |   0.94 |   0.95 |   0.95 |   0.96 |   0.85 |   0.84 | 
-^  Cu  |   27.3 |   31.3 |   33.5 |   34.1 |   34.4 |   34.8 |   34.6 |   34.8 |   35.1 |   35.6 |   35.6 |   36.0 |   36.7 |   37.4 |   37.9 |   38.3 |   38.4 |   38.7 |   34.6 | +^  Cu  |   27.3 |   31.3 |   33.4 |   34.1 |   35.0 |   35.6 |   35.6 |   35.9 |   36.7 |   37.4 |   38.0 |   38.5 |   38.6 |   38.9 |   34.5 |   34.1 | 
-^  Hg  |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 | +^  Hg  |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 | 
-^  Ni  |   1.12 |   1.28 |   1.37 |   1.40 |   1.41 |   1.43 |   1.42 |   1.43 |   1.44 |   1.46 |   1.46 |   1.47 |   1.51 |   1.53 |   1.55 |   1.57 |   1.57 |   1.59 |   1.42 | +^  Ni  |   1.12 |   1.28 |   1.37 |   1.40 |   1.43 |   1.46 |   1.46 |   1.47 |   1.50 |   1.53 |   1.56 |   1.58 |   1.58 |   1.59 |   1.41 |   1.40 | 
-^  Pb  |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 | +^  Pb  |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 | 
-^  Se  |   0.16 |   0.18 |   0.20 |   0.20 |   0.20 |   0.20 |   0.20 |   0.20 |   0.20 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.22 |   0.22 |   0.22 |   0.22 |   0.23 |   0.20 | +^  Se  |   0.16 |   0.18 |   0.20 |   0.20 |   0.20 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.22 |   0.22 |   0.22 |   0.23 |   0.23 |   0.20 |   0.20 | 
-^  Zn  |   15.8 |   18.1 |   19.4 |   19.7 |   19.9 |   20.1 |   20.0 |   20.1 |   20.3 |   20.6 |   20.6 |   20.8 |   21.2 |   21.6 |   21.9 |   22.2 |   22.2 |   22.4 |   20.0 |+^  Zn  |   15.8 |   18.1 |   19.3 |   19.7 |   20.2 |   20.6 |   20.6 |   20.8 |   21.2 |   21.6 |   22.0 |   22.3 |   22.3 |   22.5 |   19.9 |   19.7 |
  
  
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 **Activity data** (annual amounts of unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants) have been revised slightly for the entire time series. **Activity data** (annual amounts of unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants) have been revised slightly for the entire time series.
-Here, for 2019, larger changes occur due to the finalisation of this year's National Energy Balance, whereas for 2018 the erronous over-all amount of co-incinerated lubricants has been corrected. 
  
-__Table: Revised annual amounts of unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants, in terajoules__ +__Table 4: Revised annual amounts of unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants, in terajoules__ 
-|                  ^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2006  ^  2007  ^  2008  ^  2009  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018  ^  2019  ^ +|                      ^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2011   ^  2012   ^  2013   ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020   ^ 
-^ Submission 2022  |   1,400 |   1,602 |  1,714 |  1,747 |  1,760 |  1,781 |  1,772 |  1,782 |  1,796 |  1,826 |  1,825 |  1,841 |  1,881 |   1,914 |   1,941 |   1,963 |  1,965 |  1,983 | +^ current submission   |   1,400 |   1,601 |   1,713 |   1,746 |   1,792 |   1,822 |   1,821 |   1,838 |  1,881 |  1,916 |  1,946 |  1,971 |  1,977 |  1,990 |   1,765 | 
-^ Submission 2021  |   1,415 |   1,606 |  1,710 |  1,747 |  1,755 |  1,769 |  1,762 |  1,776 |  1,791 |  1,824 |  1,822 |  1,838 |  1,877 |   1,915 |   1,956 |   1,980 |  1,759 |  1,769 | +^ previous submission  |   1,400 |   1,602 |   1,714 |   1,747 |   1,796 |   1,826 |   1,825 |   1,841 |  1,881 |  1,914 |  1,941 |  1,963 |  1,965 |  1,983 |   1,771 | 
-^ absolute change  |   -14.6 |   -3.88 |   3.60 |   0.15 |   5.05 |   12.5 |   9.98 |   6.02 |   4.96 |   1.53 |   2.51 |   2.98 |   3.52 |   -0.49 |   -14.8 |   -17.4 |    206 |    214 | +^ absolute change      |   -0.20 |   -0.68 |   -0.89 |   -0.52 |   -3.94 |   -3.31 |   -3.37 |   -3.09 |  -0.06 |   1.39 |   4.74 |   8.63 |   11.7 |   6.98 |   -5.52 | 
-^ relative change  |  -1.03% |  -0.24% |  0.21% |  0.01% |  0.29% |  0.71% |  0.57% |  0.34% |  0.28% |  0.08% |  0.14% |  0.16% |  0.19% |  -0.03% |  -0.76% |  -0.88% |  11.7% |  12.1% |+^ relative change      |  -0.01% |  -0.04% |  -0.05% |  -0.03% |  -0.22% |  -0.18% |  -0.18% |  -0.17% |  0.00% |  0.07% |  0.24% |  0.44% |  0.60% |  0.35% |  -0.31% |
  
-On the other hand, the tier1 **emission factors** applied so far, remain unrevised compared to last year's submission.+On the other hand, the tier1 **emission factors** applied so far, remain unaltered compared to last year's submission.
  
 Therefore, the canges in the **emission estimates** reported for this sub-category result solely from the named revisions in activity data. Therefore, the canges in the **emission estimates** reported for this sub-category result solely from the named revisions in activity data.
  
 <WRAP center round info 60%> <WRAP center round info 60%>
-For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start | 8.1 - Recalculations]].+For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start | 8.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
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 Although there are no improvements planned for this specific sub-category, several routine model revisions are scheduled for mobile sources with impact on fuel consumption data and, hence, the amounts of  unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants. Although there are no improvements planned for this specific sub-category, several routine model revisions are scheduled for mobile sources with impact on fuel consumption data and, hence, the amounts of  unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants.
-[(KNOERR2021a> Knörr et al. (2021a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2021.)].+ 
 + 
 +[(KNOERR2022a> Knörr et al. (2022a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2022.)].
 [(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, URL: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-b-i/view; Copenhagen, 2019.)] [(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, URL: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-b-i/view; Copenhagen, 2019.)]