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| sector:ippu:pulp_paper_food:pulp_and_paper_industry:start [2023/04/19 12:33] – [Emissions factors] kludt | sector:ippu:pulp_paper_food:pulp_and_paper_industry:start [2023/04/19 12:39] (current) – [Paper and carton production] kludt | ||
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| ==== Paper and carton production ==== | ==== Paper and carton production ==== | ||
| - | Paper is made from fibre materials, water and chemical additives. The entire paper-making process consumes large amounts of energy. Electricity is required primarily for operation of various motors and for grinding of fibres. Process heat is used primarily for heating water, other liquids and air, for evaporating water in the drying process of paper machines and for converting steam into electrical energy (with heat/power cogeneration). Large amounts of water are required as process water and for cooling. Various additives are used in the paper production process as process supplies and to enhance product properties (paper additives). | + | Paper is made from fibre materials, water and chemical additives. The entire paper-making process consumes large amounts of energy. Electricity is required primarily for operation of various motors and for grinding of fibres. Process heat is used primarily for heating water, other liquids and air, as steam in the drying process of paper machines and for converting steam into electrical energy (with heat/power cogeneration). Large amounts of water are required as process water and for cooling. Various additives are used in the paper production process as process supplies and to enhance product properties (paper additives). |
| - | Most of the waste-gas emissions produced by non-integrated paper mills are produced by steam-production and energy-generation systems. The boilers used in such systems are standard boilers that do not differ from those of other combustion systems. It is assumed that such systems are operated in the same manner as other auxiliary boilers of the same capacity. | + | Most of the waste-gas emissions produced by non-integrated paper mills are produced by steam-production and electricity-generation systems. The boilers used in such systems are standard boilers that do not differ from those of other combustion systems. It is assumed that such systems are operated in the same manner as other auxiliary boilers of the same capacity. |
| Overall, most product-specific waste-gas emissions are site-dependent (for example, they depend on the type of fuel used, the size and type of the relevant facility, whether the plant is integrated or non-integrated, | Overall, most product-specific waste-gas emissions are site-dependent (for example, they depend on the type of fuel used, the size and type of the relevant facility, whether the plant is integrated or non-integrated, | ||
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| ==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
| - | The figures are available from the base year 1990 onwards and are collected annually by the Association of German Paper Mills compiled in a so-called Performance Report [(and other short statistics: https:// | + | The figures are available from the base year 1990 onwards and are collected annually by the Association of German Paper Mills compiled in a so-called Performance Report [(and other short statistics: https:// |
| ==== Emissions factors ==== | ==== Emissions factors ==== | ||