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| sector:other_and_natural_sources:natural_sources [2023/03/03 09:11] – created lightning section hausmann | sector:other_and_natural_sources:natural_sources [2023/04/13 07:22] (current) – [Table] kotzulla | ||
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| - | ====== NFR 11 - Other Sources ====== | + | ===== 11.C - Other Natural Sources ===== |
| - | ===== 11.C Other Natural Sources ===== | + | |
| ====Short description ==== | ====Short description ==== | ||
| - | ^ NFR-Code | + | ^ NFR-Code |
| - | | 11.C | + | | 11.C | **Lightning** |
| - | Lightning and corona discharge during thunderstorm events cause atmospheric chemical reactions to take place at high voltages and high temperatures. These reactions cause the production of NOx in the atmosphere. | + | Lightning and corona discharge during thunderstorm events cause atmospheric chemical reactions to take place at high voltages and high temperatures. These reactions cause the production of NO< |
| ====Methodology==== | ====Methodology==== | ||
| - | The calculation of NOx emissions from lightning uses strike counts from the German weather service and default emission factors from the EMEP/EEA guidebook. | + | The calculation of NO< |
| For the complete time series, the emissions are calculated as follows: | For the complete time series, the emissions are calculated as follows: | ||
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| Table 1: Lightning strikes in Germany from 1990 onwards | Table 1: Lightning strikes in Germany from 1990 onwards | ||
| - | ^ Year ^ Strike count [1000 strikes] ^ | + | ^ Year ^ Strike count [1000 strikes] |
| - | | 1990 | 443 | | + | | 1990 | 443 | |
| - | | 1991 | 443 | | + | | 1991 | 443 | |
| - | | 1992 | 370 | | + | | 1992 | 370 | |
| - | | 1993 | 274 | | + | | 1993 | 274 | |
| - | | 1994 | 429 | | + | | 1994 | 429 | |
| - | | 1995 | 394 | | + | | 1995 | 394 | |
| - | | 1996 | 218 | | + | | 1996 | 218 | |
| - | | 1997 | 255 | | + | | 1997 | 255 | |
| - | | 1998 | 428 | | + | | 1998 | 428 | |
| - | | 1999 | 589 | | + | | 1999 | 589 | |
| - | | 2000 | 1,026 | | + | | 2000 | 1,026 | |
| - | | 2001 | 591 | | + | | 2001 | 591 | |
| - | | 2002 | 1,023 | | + | | 2002 | 1,023 | |
| - | | 2003 | 813 | | + | | 2003 | 813 | |
| - | | 2004 | 741 | | + | | 2004 | 741 | |
| - | | 2005 | 802 | | + | | 2005 | 802 | |
| - | | 2006 | 1,001 | | + | | 2006 | 1,001 | |
| - | | 2007 | 1,139 | | + | | 2007 | 1,139 | |
| - | | 2008 | 990 | | + | | 2008 | 990 | |
| - | | 2009 | 917 | | + | | 2009 | 917 | |
| - | | 2010 | 589 | | + | | 2010 | 589 | |
| - | | 2011 | 687 | | + | | 2011 | 687 | |
| - | | 2012 | 656 | | + | | 2012 | 656 | |
| - | | 2013 | 542 | | + | | 2013 | 542 | |
| - | | 2014 | 623 | | + | | 2014 | 623 | |
| - | | 2015 | 550 | | + | | 2015 | 550 | |
| - | | 2016 | 432 | | + | | 2016 | 432 | |
| - | | 2017 | 443 | | + | | 2017 | 443 | |
| - | | 2018 | 446 | | + | | 2018 | 446 | |
| - | | 2019 | 329 | | + | | 2019 | 329 | |
| - | | 2020 | 399 | | + | | 2020 | 399 | |
| - | | 2021 | 512 | | + | | 2021 | 512 | |
| ===Emission factor=== | ===Emission factor=== | ||
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| ====Emission Trend==== | ====Emission Trend==== | ||
| - | The emission value is solely dependent on the strike count and varies between 1 to 2 kilotons of NOx per year. | + | The emission value is solely dependent on the strike count and varies between 1 to 3 kilotons of NOx per year. |
| Figure 1: NFR 11.C, NOx emissions from lightning | Figure 1: NFR 11.C, NOx emissions from lightning | ||
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| ==== Uncertainties ==== | ==== Uncertainties ==== | ||
| - | The AD from BLIDS does have a low uncertainty of ± 3%. The uncertainties for the emission factors are estimated to be relatively high, being a default value. Hence the overall uncertainty for the emission estimation of NOx from lightning is qualified estimated by expert judgement to be high (>50%). | + | The AD from BLIDS does have a low uncertainty of ± 3%. The uncertainties for the emission factors are estimated to be relatively high, being a default value. Hence the overall uncertainty for the emission estimation of NO< |
| ====Quality checks==== | ====Quality checks==== | ||