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| sector:agriculture:agricultural_soils:start [2021/02/11 17:28] – [3.D.e - Cultivated crops] doering | sector:agriculture:agricultural_soils:start [2024/11/06 15:10] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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| ===== Short description ===== | ===== Short description ===== | ||
| - | ^ NFR-Code | + | ^ NFR-Code |
| - | | **3.D** | + | | **3.D** |
| - | | **consisting of / including source categories** | + | | **consisting of / including source categories** |
| - | | [[start# | + | | [[start# |
| - | | [[start# | + | | [[start# |
| - | | [[start# | + | | [[start# |
| - | | [[start# | + | | [[start# |
| - | | [[start# | + | | [[start# |
| - | | [[start# | + | | [[start# |
| - | | 3.D.d | Off-farm storage, handling and transport of bulk agricultural products | + | | 3.D.d | Off-farm storage, handling and transport of bulk agricultural products |
| - | | [[start# | + | | [[start# |
| - | | [[3Df_Agriculture other|3.D.f]] | + | | [[3Df_Agriculture other|3.D.f]] |
| + | ^ Key Category | ||
| + | | 3.D.a.1 | ||
| + | | 3.D.a.2.a | ||
| + | | 3.D.a.2.b | ||
| + | | 3.D.a.2.c | ||
| + | | 3.D.a.3 | ||
| + | | 3.D.c | ||
| + | | 3.D.e | ||
| + | | 3.D.f | ||
| + | | ||
| + | \\ | ||
| - | + | ===== Country specifics ===== | |
| - | + | ||
| - | < | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ---- | + | |
| - | Legend | + | |
| - | T = key source by Trend / L = key source by Level | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ---- | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | // | + | |
| - | D: | + | |
| - | RA: | + | |
| - | T1: Tier 1 / Simple Methodology * | + | |
| - | T2: Tier 2* | + | |
| - | T3: Tier 3 / Detailed Methodology * | + | |
| - | C: | + | |
| - | CS: Country Specific | + | |
| - | M: Model | + | |
| - | as described in the EMEP/ | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ---- | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | //AD:- Data Source for Activity Data // | + | |
| - | NS: | + | |
| - | RS: | + | |
| - | IS: | + | |
| - | PS: Plant Specific data | + | |
| - | AS: | + | |
| - | Q: specific questionnaires, | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ---- | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | //EF - Emission Factors// | + | |
| - | D: Default (EMEP Guidebook) | + | |
| - | C: | + | |
| - | CS: Country Specific | + | |
| - | PS: Plant Specific data</ | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ====== Country specifics | + | |
| {{ : | {{ : | ||
| - | ** NH< | + | ==== NH₃ and NOₓ ==== |
| In 2019, the category of agricultural soils emitted 311.3 kt NH< | In 2019, the category of agricultural soils emitted 311.3 kt NH< | ||
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| The application of residues from the digestion of energy crops (3.D.a.2.c) leads to 54.6 kt NH< | The application of residues from the digestion of energy crops (3.D.a.2.c) leads to 54.6 kt NH< | ||
| - | NH< | + | NH< |
| In 2019, agricultural soils were the source of 98.6 % (110.7 kt) of the total of NO< | In 2019, agricultural soils were the source of 98.6 % (110.7 kt) of the total of NO< | ||
| - | All NO< | + | All NO< |
| - | **NMVOC** | + | ==== NMVOC ==== |
| - | + | In 2019, the category of agricultural soils contributed 8.6 kt NMVOC or 2.8 % to the total agricultural NMVOC emissions in Germany. The only emission source was cultivated crops (3.D.e). All NMVOC emissions from the agricultural category are excluded from emission accounting by adjustment as they are not considered in the NEC commitments | |
| - | In 2019, the category of agricultural soils contributed 8.6 kt NMVOC or 2.8 % to the total agricultural NMVOC emissions in Germany. The only emission source was cultivated crops (3.D.e). All NMVOC emissions from the agricultural category are excluded from emission accounting by adjustment as they are not considered in the NEC commitments. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ** TSP, PM< | + | |
| + | ==== TSP, PM₁₀ & PM₂.₅ ==== | ||
| In 2019, agricultural soils contributed, | In 2019, agricultural soils contributed, | ||
| =====3.D.a.1 - Inorganic N-fertilizers ===== | =====3.D.a.1 - Inorganic N-fertilizers ===== | ||
| + | The calculation of NH< | ||
| - | + | ==== Activity Data ==== | |
| - | The calculation of NH< | + | |
| - | ** | + | |
| - | Activity Data** | + | |
| German statistics report the amounts of fertilizers sold which are assumed to equal the amounts that are applied. Since the 2021 submission, storage effects are approximated by applying a moving average to the sales data (moving centered three-year average, for the last year a two-year average). | German statistics report the amounts of fertilizers sold which are assumed to equal the amounts that are applied. Since the 2021 submission, storage effects are approximated by applying a moving average to the sales data (moving centered three-year average, for the last year a two-year average). | ||
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| - | **Methodology** | + | ==== Methodology |
| NH< | NH< | ||
| - | **Emission factors** | + | ==== Emission factors |
| The emission factors for NH< | The emission factors for NH< | ||
| //Table 2: NH< | //Table 2: NH< | ||
| - | ^ | + | ^ Inorganic fertilizers, |
| - | ^ Fertilizer type | + | ^ Fertilizer type ^ EF ^ |
| - | | Calcium ammonium nitrate | + | | Calcium ammonium nitrate |
| - | | Nitrogen solutions (UREA AN) | 0.098 | | + | | Nitrogen solutions (UREA AN) |
| - | | Urea | 0.155 | | + | | Urea |
| - | | Ammonium phosphates | + | | Ammonium phosphates |
| - | | Other NK and NPK | 0.050 | | + | | Other NK and NPK |
| - | | Other straight fertilizers | + | | Other straight fertilizers |
| For NO< | For NO< | ||
| Line 131: | Line 95: | ||
| | EF< | | EF< | ||
| - | ** | + | ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources |
| - | Trend discussion for Key Sources** | + | |
| In the last five years (and in the last three years in dramatic fashion) fertilizer sales have decreased. Emissions have fallen accordingly. This is even more the case with NH< | In the last five years (and in the last three years in dramatic fashion) fertilizer sales have decreased. Emissions have fallen accordingly. This is even more the case with NH< | ||
| - | **Recalculations** | + | ==== Recalculations |
| Table REC-1 shows the effects of recalculations on NH< | Table REC-1 shows the effects of recalculations on NH< | ||
| Line 152: | Line 113: | ||
| | **NO< | | **NO< | ||
| - | **Planned improvements** | + | ==== Planned improvements |
| No improvements are planned at present. | No improvements are planned at present. | ||
| ===== 3.D.a.2.a - Animal manure applied to soils ===== | ===== 3.D.a.2.a - Animal manure applied to soils ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| In this sub category Germany reports the NH< | In this sub category Germany reports the NH< | ||
| - | **Activity data** | + | ==== Activity data ==== |
| The calculation of the amount of N in manure applied is based on the N mass flow approach (see 3.B). It is the total of N excreted by animals in the housing and the N imported with bedding material minus N losses by emissions of N species from housing and storage. Hence, the amount of total N includes the N contained in anaerobically digested manures to be applied to the field. | The calculation of the amount of N in manure applied is based on the N mass flow approach (see 3.B). It is the total of N excreted by animals in the housing and the N imported with bedding material minus N losses by emissions of N species from housing and storage. Hence, the amount of total N includes the N contained in anaerobically digested manures to be applied to the field. | ||
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| | 1,102 | 964 | 949 | 922 | 931 | 938 | 955 | 968 | 982 | 978 | 974 | 971 | 959 | 952 | | | 1,102 | 964 | 949 | 922 | 931 | 938 | 955 | 968 | 982 | 978 | 974 | 971 | 959 | 952 | | ||
| - | **Methodology** | ||
| + | ==== Methodology ==== | ||
| NH< | NH< | ||
| For NO< | For NO< | ||
| - | **Emission factors** | + | ==== Emission factors |
| Table 5 shows the time series of the overall German NH< | Table 5 shows the time series of the overall German NH< | ||
| Line 189: | Line 145: | ||
| For NO< | For NO< | ||
| - | **Trend discussion for Key Sources** | + | ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources |
| Both NH< | Both NH< | ||
| For total NH< | For total NH< | ||
| For both gases, emissions are slightly decreasing since 2015. This is due to the fact that cattle and swine animal numbers are declining. | For both gases, emissions are slightly decreasing since 2015. This is due to the fact that cattle and swine animal numbers are declining. | ||
| - | **Recalculations** | + | ==== Recalculations |
| Table REC-2 shows the effects of recalculations on NH< | Table REC-2 shows the effects of recalculations on NH< | ||
| Line 210: | Line 164: | ||
| - | **Planned improvements** | + | ==== Planned improvements |
| No improvements are planned at present. | No improvements are planned at present. | ||
| ===== 3.D.a.2.b – Sewage sludge applied to soils ===== | ===== 3.D.a.2.b – Sewage sludge applied to soils ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| The calculation of NH< | The calculation of NH< | ||
| - | **Activity data** | + | ==== Activity data ==== |
| N quantities from application of sewage sludge were calculated from data of the German Environment Agency and (since 2009) from data of the Federal Statistical Office (see Table 6). | N quantities from application of sewage sludge were calculated from data of the German Environment Agency and (since 2009) from data of the Federal Statistical Office (see Table 6). | ||
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| | 27 | 35 | 33 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 22 | 21 | 19 | 19 | 14 | 13 | 13 | | | 27 | 35 | 33 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 22 | 21 | 19 | 19 | 14 | 13 | 13 | | ||
| - | **Methodology** | + | ==== Methodology |
| A tier 1 methodology is used (EMEP, 2019, 3D, Chapter 3.3.1). NH< | A tier 1 methodology is used (EMEP, 2019, 3D, Chapter 3.3.1). NH< | ||
| - | **Emission factors** | + | ==== Emission factors |
| EMEP (2019)-3.D, Table 3-1 provides a Tier 1 emission factor for NH< | EMEP (2019)-3.D, Table 3-1 provides a Tier 1 emission factor for NH< | ||
| For NO< | For NO< | ||
| - | **Trend discussion for Key Sources** | + | ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources |
| NH< | NH< | ||
| - | **Recalculations** | + | ==== Recalculations |
| Table REC-3 shows the effects of recalculations on NH< | Table REC-3 shows the effects of recalculations on NH< | ||
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| | **NO< | | **NO< | ||
| - | **Planned improvements** | + | ==== Planned improvements |
| No improvements are planned at present. | No improvements are planned at present. | ||
| ===== 3.D.a.2.c - Other organic fertilizers applied to soils ===== | ===== 3.D.a.2.c - Other organic fertilizers applied to soils ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| This sub category describes Germany’s NH< | This sub category describes Germany’s NH< | ||
| - | **Activity data** | + | ==== Activity data ==== |
| Activity data is the amount of N in residues from anaerobic digestion of energy crops when leaving storage. This amount of N is the N contained in the energy crops when being fed into the digestion process minus the N losses by emissions of N species from the storage of the residues (see 3.I). N losses from pre-storage are negligible and there are no N losses from fermenter (see Rösemann et al. (2021), Chapter 10.2.1). | Activity data is the amount of N in residues from anaerobic digestion of energy crops when leaving storage. This amount of N is the N contained in the energy crops when being fed into the digestion process minus the N losses by emissions of N species from the storage of the residues (see 3.I). N losses from pre-storage are negligible and there are no N losses from fermenter (see Rösemann et al. (2021), Chapter 10.2.1). | ||
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| | 0.05 | 0.62 | 5.40 | 45.76 | 167.41 | 209.32 | 230.52 | 279.13 | 292.42 | 303.81 | 302.16 | 297.19 | 292.86 | 292.86 | | | 0.05 | 0.62 | 5.40 | 45.76 | 167.41 | 209.32 | 230.52 | 279.13 | 292.42 | 303.81 | 302.16 | 297.19 | 292.86 | 292.86 | | ||
| - | **Methodology** | + | ==== Methodology |
| The NH< | The NH< | ||
| For NO< | For NO< | ||
| - | **Emission factors** | + | ==== Emission factors |
| For NH< | For NH< | ||
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| | 0.182 | 0.182 | 0.183 | 0.183 | 0.183 | 0.184 | 0.174 | 0.166 | 0.159 | 0.153 | 0.153 | 0.153 | 0.154 | 0.154 | | | 0.182 | 0.182 | 0.183 | 0.183 | 0.183 | 0.184 | 0.174 | 0.166 | 0.159 | 0.153 | 0.153 | 0.153 | 0.154 | 0.154 | | ||
| - | **Trend discussion for Key Sources** | + | ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources |
| The application of residues from anaerobic digestion of energy crops is a key source for NH< | The application of residues from anaerobic digestion of energy crops is a key source for NH< | ||
| - | **Recalculations** | + | ==== Recalculations |
| Table REC-4 shows the effects of recalculations on NH< | Table REC-4 shows the effects of recalculations on NH< | ||
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| - | **Planned improvements** | + | ==== Planned improvements |
| No improvements are planned at present. | No improvements are planned at present. | ||
| ===== 3.D.a.3 - Urine and dung deposited by grazing animals ===== | ===== 3.D.a.3 - Urine and dung deposited by grazing animals ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| The calculation of NH< | The calculation of NH< | ||
| - | **Activity data** | + | ==== Activity data ==== |
| Activity data for NH< | Activity data for NH< | ||
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| | Horses | | Horses | ||
| - | **Methodology** | + | ==== Methodology |
| NH< | NH< | ||
| - | **Emission Factors** | + | ==== Emission Factors |
| The emission factors for NH< | The emission factors for NH< | ||
| Line 351: | Line 283: | ||
| | All animals | | All animals | ||
| - | **Trend discussion for Key Sources** | + | ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources |
| Emissions from urine and dung deposited by grazing animals are no key sources. | Emissions from urine and dung deposited by grazing animals are no key sources. | ||
| - | **Recalculations** | + | ==== Recalculations |
| Table REC-5 shows the effects of recalculations on NH< | Table REC-5 shows the effects of recalculations on NH< | ||
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| | **NO< | | **NO< | ||
| - | **Planned improvements** | + | ==== Planned improvements |
| No improvements are planned at present. | No improvements are planned at present. | ||
| ===== 3.D.c - Farm-level agricultural operations including storage, handling and transport of agricultural products ===== | ===== 3.D.c - Farm-level agricultural operations including storage, handling and transport of agricultural products ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| In this category Germany reports TSP, PM< | In this category Germany reports TSP, PM< | ||
| - | **Activity data** | + | ==== Activity data ==== |
| The activity data is the total area of arable and horticultural land. This data is provided by official statistics. | The activity data is the total area of arable and horticultural land. This data is provided by official statistics. | ||
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| | 11,179 | 10,257 | 10,683 | 10,902 | 11,411 | 11,431 | 11,421 | 11,478 | 11,475 | 11,346 | 11,281 | 11,273 | 11,181 | 11,163 | | | 11,179 | 10,257 | 10,683 | 10,902 | 11,411 | 11,431 | 11,421 | 11,478 | 11,475 | 11,346 | 11,281 | 11,273 | 11,181 | 11,163 | | ||
| - | **Methodology** | + | ==== Methodology |
| As the Tier 2 methodology described in EMEP (2019)-3D-17 cannot be used due to lack of input data, the Tier 1 methodology described in EMEP(2019)-3D-11 is used. | As the Tier 2 methodology described in EMEP (2019)-3D-17 cannot be used due to lack of input data, the Tier 1 methodology described in EMEP(2019)-3D-11 is used. | ||
| - | **Emission factors** | + | ==== Emission factors |
| Emission factors given in EMEP (2019)-3D-12 are used. The Guidebook does not indicate whether EFs have considered the condensable component (with or without). | Emission factors given in EMEP (2019)-3D-12 are used. The Guidebook does not indicate whether EFs have considered the condensable component (with or without). | ||
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| - | + | ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources | |
| - | **Trend discussion for Key Sources** | + | |
| TSP and PM< | TSP and PM< | ||
| - | **Recalculations** | + | ==== Recalculations |
| Table REC-6 shows the effects of recalculations on particulate matter emissions. The only changes with respect to last year’s submission occur in the years 2010 through 2012 because of updates of cultivation areas (see [[sector: | Table REC-6 shows the effects of recalculations on particulate matter emissions. The only changes with respect to last year’s submission occur in the years 2010 through 2012 because of updates of cultivation areas (see [[sector: | ||
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| - | **Planned improvements** | + | ==== Planned improvements |
| No improvements are planned at present. | No improvements are planned at present. | ||
| - | ===== 3.D.e - Cultivated crops ===== | ||
| + | ===== 3.D.e - Cultivated crops ===== | ||
| In this category Germany reports NMVOC emissions from crop production according to EMEP (2019)-3D-16. For details see Rösemann et al. (2021), Chapter 11.12. | In this category Germany reports NMVOC emissions from crop production according to EMEP (2019)-3D-16. For details see Rösemann et al. (2021), Chapter 11.12. | ||
| - | **Activity data** | + | ==== Activity data ==== |
| The activity data is the total area of arable land and grassland. This data is provided by official statistics. | The activity data is the total area of arable land and grassland. This data is provided by official statistics. | ||
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| - | **Methodology** | + | ==== Methodology |
| The Tier 2 methodology described in EMEP (2019)-3D-16ff is used. | The Tier 2 methodology described in EMEP (2019)-3D-16ff is used. | ||
| - | **Emission Factors** | + | ==== Emission Factors |
| The emission factors for wheat, rye, rape and grass (15°C) given in EMEP (2019)-3D-16, | The emission factors for wheat, rye, rape and grass (15°C) given in EMEP (2019)-3D-16, | ||
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| | 0.47 | 0.53 | 0.57 | 0.59 | 0.61 | 0.57 | 0.64 | 0.66 | 0.72 | 0.63 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.50 | 0.55 | | | 0.47 | 0.53 | 0.57 | 0.59 | 0.61 | 0.57 | 0.64 | 0.66 | 0.72 | 0.63 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.50 | 0.55 | | ||
| - | ** Recalculations** | ||
| + | ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources ==== | ||
| + | Emissions from urine and dung deposited by grazing animals are no key sources. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Recalculations ==== | ||
| Table REC-7 shows the effects of recalculations on NMVOC emissions. The only changes with respect to last year’s submission occur in the years 1999 (not shown in Table REC-7) and 2010 through 2012 because of updates of yields in 1999 and 2010 and of cultivation areas 2010 through 2012 (see [[sector: | Table REC-7 shows the effects of recalculations on NMVOC emissions. The only changes with respect to last year’s submission occur in the years 1999 (not shown in Table REC-7) and 2010 through 2012 because of updates of yields in 1999 and 2010 and of cultivation areas 2010 through 2012 (see [[sector: | ||
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| - | **Planned improvements** | + | ==== Planned improvements |
| - | + | ||
| No improvements are planned at present. | No improvements are planned at present. | ||
| - | **Uncertainty** | + | ==== Uncertainty |
| Details will be described in [[general: | Details will be described in [[general: | ||