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 Emissions occurring in the agricultural sector in Germany derive from manure management (NFR 3.B), agricultural soils (NFR 3.D) and agriculture other (NFR 3.I).  Emissions occurring in the agricultural sector in Germany derive from manure management (NFR 3.B), agricultural soils (NFR 3.D) and agriculture other (NFR 3.I). 
  
-Germany did not allocate emissions to category field burning (NFR 3.F) (key note: NO), because burning of agricultural residues is prohibited by law (see Haenel et al., 2020 [((bibcite 1))]).+Germany did not allocate emissions to category field burning (NFR 3.F) (key note: NO), because burning of agricultural residues is prohibited by law (see Rösemann et al., 2021 ((Rösemann et al. (2021): Rösemann C., Haenel H-D., Vos C., Dämmgen U., Döring U., Wulf S., Eurich-Menden B., Freibauer A., Döhler H., Schreiner C., Osterburg B. & Fuß, R. (2021): Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German Agriculture 1990 –2019. Report on methods and data (RMD), Submission 2021. Thünen Report (in preparation). https://www.thuenen.de/de/fachinstitute/agrarklimaschutz/arbeitsbereiche/emissionsinventare)).
  
 ^  NFR-Code   ^  Name of Category                                                                       ^ ^  NFR-Code   ^  Name of Category                                                                       ^
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 |  3.F         | [[Sector:Agriculture:Field_Burning:Start | 3.F Field Burning Of Agricultural Residues]]  | |  3.F         | [[Sector:Agriculture:Field_Burning:Start | 3.F Field Burning Of Agricultural Residues]]  |
 |  3.I         | [[Sector:Agriculture:Agricultural_Other:Start | 3.I Agricultural: Other]]                | |  3.I         | [[Sector:Agriculture:Agricultural_Other:Start | 3.I Agricultural: Other]]                |
-======  + 
-Short description ======+===== Short description =====
  
  
 Emissions occurring in the agricultural sector in Germany derive from manure management (NFR 3.B), agricultural soils (NFR 3.D) and agriculture other (NFR 3.I). Emissions occurring in the agricultural sector in Germany derive from manure management (NFR 3.B), agricultural soils (NFR 3.D) and agriculture other (NFR 3.I).
-Germany did not allocate emissions to category field burning (NFR 3.F) (key note: NO), because burning of agricultural residues is prohibited by law (see Rösemann et al., 2021 [1]).+Germany did not allocate emissions to category field burning (NFR 3.F) (key note: NO), because burning of agricultural residues is prohibited by law (see Rösemann et al., 2021)).
  
 The pollutants reported are: The pollutants reported are:
  
-  *  ammonia (NH3), +  *  ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), 
-  *     nitric oxides (NOx),+  *     nitric oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>),
   *     volatile organic compounds (NMVOC),   *     volatile organic compounds (NMVOC),
-  *     particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10 and TSP) and+  *     particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub> and TSP) and
   *     hexachlorobenzene (HCB).   *     hexachlorobenzene (HCB).
  
 No heavy metal emissions are reported. No heavy metal emissions are reported.
  
-In 2018 the agricultural sector emitted 606.7 Gg of NH3 , 118.6 Gg of NOx, 324.3 Gg of NMVOC, 61.1 Gg of TSP, 30.6 Gg of PM10 and 4.5 Gg of PM2.5 and 8.8 kg HCB. The trend from 1990 onwards is shown in the graph below. The sharp decrease of emissions from 1990 to 1991 is due to a reduction of livestock population in the New Länder (former GDR) following the German reunification. The increase of NH3 emissions since 2005 is mostly due to the expansion of anaerobic digestion of energy crops, especially the application of the digestion residues. This is a new emission source which also effects NOx emissions. However, these emissions are excluded from emission accounting by adjustment, as they are not part of the NEC and Gothenburg commitments. The decrease of NH3 emissions since 2015 is mostly due to a decline in the amounts of mineral fertilizer sold. Further details concerning trends can be found in Haenel et al., 2020 [1], Chapter 2.+In 2019 the agricultural sector emitted  557.8 Gg of NH<sub>3</sub>, 112.2 Gg of NO<sub>x</sub>,  304.4 Gg of NMVOC,  60.3 Gg of TSP, 30.4 Gg of PM<sub>10</sub> and 4,4 Gg of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and 8.8 kg HCB. The trend from 1990 onwards is shown in the graph below. The sharp decrease of emissions from 1990 to 1991 is due to a reduction of livestock population in the New Länder (former GDR) following the German reunification. The increase of NH<sub>3</sub> emissions since 2005 is mostly due to the expansion of anaerobic digestion of energy crops, especially the application of the digestion residues. This is a new emission source which also effects NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. However, these emissions are excluded from emission accounting by [[general:adjustments:adjustment_de-c|adjustment]], as they are not part of the NEC and Gothenburg commitments. The decrease of NH<sub>3</sub> emissions since 2015 is mostly due to a decline in the amounts of mineral fertilizer sold. Further details concerning trends can be found in Rösemann et al., 2021, Chapter 2. 
 + 
 +As displayed in the diagram below, in 2019 95.1 % of Germany’s total NH<sub>3</sub> emissions derived from the agricultural sector, while nitric oxides reported as NO<sub>x</sub> contributed 9.9 % and NMVOC 27.2 % to the total NOx and NMVOC emissions of Germany. Regarding the emissions of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub> and TSP the agricultural sector contributed 4.8 % (PM2.5), 14.9 and 15.9 %, respectively, to the national particle emissions. 
 +HCB emissions of pesticide use contributed 69.5 % to total German emissions. 
 + 
 +===== Recalculations and reasons ===== 
 + 
 + 
 +(see [[general:recalculations:start|Chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]]) 
 + 
 +The following list summarizes, the most important reasons for recalculations. Recalculations result from improvements in input data and methodologies (for details see Rösemann et al. (2021), Chapter 3.5.2).
  
-As displayed in the diagram below, in 2018 95.3 % of Germany’s total NH3 emissions derived from the agricultural sector, while nitric oxides reported as NOx contributed 9.9 % and NMVOC 28.5 % to the total NOx and NMVOC emissions of Germany. Regarding the emissions of PM2.5, PM10 and TSP the agricultural sector contributed 4.6 % (PM2.5), 14.5 % and 15.7 %, respectively, to the national particle emissions. +1) Dairy cows and calves: Adjustment of initial weight, energy requirements and feeding according to German expert recommendations; correction of the calculation of the TAN excretion of dairy cows.
-HCB emissions of pesticide use contributed 74 % to total German emissions. +
-Recalculations and reasons+
  
-(see 8.1 Recalculations) +2) Heifers: Subdivision into dairy and slaughter heifers with different final weights; adaptation of energy requirements and feeding according to German expert recommendations.
-In the following, the most important reasons for recalculations are summarized. The need for recalculations arose from improvements in input data and methodologies (for details see Haenel et al. (2020), Chapter 3.5.2 [1]).+
  
-1. All Cattle: Following a reviewer recommendation (NECD review 2019), NMVOC emissions are now calculated with the Tier2 methodology.+3) Male beef cattle: Adjustment of feeding according to German expert recommendations; correction of the calculation of the TAN flow into manure storage.
  
-2. Dairy cows: Update of milk yields in several years.+4) Male cattle > 2 years: update (increase) of the amount of bedding material (straw).
  
-3. Dairy cows, heifers, male beef cattle: Update of weight data concerning the years 2016 and 2017 and (only for male beef cattle) also the year 1999.+5) Cattle grazing: The NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors were updated according to EMEP (2019).
  
-4. Suckler cows: Based on re-analysis of the underlying literature, the default N-excretion was increased from 82 to 90.7 kg per place and year.+6) Sows: Update of the number of piglets per sow in 2018.
  
-5. Pigs: Update of animal numbers and weight data in 2016 and 2017.+7) Fattening pigs and weaners: Update of animal numbers, starting weights and final weights for 2018.
  
-6. Pigs: In the case of air scrubbing systems in pig housings, a distinction between certified and non-certified systems has been introduced in accordance with improved data availability for Submission 2020: For certified systems, removal of NH3 and particulate matter is taken into account, while non-certified systems are assumed to only remove particulate matter reliably.+8) All pigs except boars: Update of activity data of air scrubbing systems in pig housings from 2005 onwards. 
  
-7. Laying hens and broilers: For the present submission 2020, air scrubbing in housings was taken into account for the first time as activity data is now available.+9) Sheep, laying hens, broilers, pullets: Update of the NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors for manure storage according to EMEP (2019). 
  
-8. Laying hens: Update of animal numbers in 2017.+10) Broilers: Update of the national gross production of broiler meat in 2018; update of activity data of air scrubbing systems in broiler housings from 2013 onwards.
  
-9. Broilers: Update of the national gross production of broiler meat in 2017.+11) Turkeys: Recalculation of the final weights of roosters and hens 1990 to 2001.
  
-10. Pullets: The calculation of N excretions was corrected after internal review.+12) Anaerobic digestion of animal manures: Update of activity data in all years and of the NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors for pre-storage of cattle manure and poultry manure.
  
-11. Anaerobic digestion of animal manures: Update of activity data in all years.+13) Mineral fertilizers, liming, application of urea: Annual averaging of activity data (moving centered three-year mean for 1990 to 2018; for 2019 mean from 2018 and 2019).
  
-12. Anaerobic digestion of energy crops: Update of the amounts of energy crops in all years.+14) Application of sewage sludge to soils: Update of activity data in 2018.
  
-13. Application of sewage sludge to soils: Update of the activity data in 2017.+15) Anaerobic digestion of energy crops: Update of activity data in 2018.
  
-14. Starting with the present Submission 2020, the emission factors for spreading of liquid manure and anaerobically digested manure with trailing shoe on bare soil were updated; they are now assumed to be identical to the emission factors for spreading with trailing hose on bare soil. This was judged to be more realistic than the previous assumption of them being identical to those for trailing shoe on grassland.+16) Crop residues: Minor corrections of cultivated areas and yields in the years 1999 and 2010 through 2012.
  
-15. The emissions of TSP and PM from agricultural soils differ slightly from the corresponding emissions in Submission 2019. These changes are due to the fact that for the first time the acreage of strawberries and cereals for whole plant harvesting were considered. The differences to the submission 2019 are between 0.05% (1990) and 1.1% (2015). 
  
-16. Emissions of HCB: Update of the activity data in 2017. 
-Visual overview 
  
-Chart showing emission trends for main pollutants in NFR 3 - Agriculture: +===== Visual overview ===== 
-2018 emissions by sector+__Chart showing emission trends for main pollutants in //NFR 3 - Agriculture//:__ 
 +[{{:sector:iir_nfr3.png?nolink&direct&600|NFR 3 emission trends per category}}] 
 +__Contribution of NFR categories to the emissions/Anteile der NFR-Kategorien an den Emissionen__ 
 +[{{:sector:cats_pollutants_inkl_transport.png?nolink&direct&600|Contribution of NFR categories to the emissions}}]
  
-Click to enlarge. +===== Specific QA/QC procedures for the agriculture sector=====
-Specific QA/QC procedures for the agriculture sector+
  
 Numerous input data were checked for errors resulting from erroneous transfer between data sources and the tabular database used for emission calculations. Numerous input data were checked for errors resulting from erroneous transfer between data sources and the tabular database used for emission calculations.
-The German IEFs and other data used for the emission calculations were compared with EMEP default values and data of other countries (see Haenel et al. (2020) [1]). +The German IEFs and other data used for the emission calculations were compared with EMEP default values and data of other countries (see Rösemann et al. (2021)). 
-Changes of data and methodologies are documented in detail (see Haenel et al. (2020) [1], Chapter 3.5.2).+Changes of data and methodologies are documented in detail (see  Rösemann et al. 2021, Chapter 3.5.2).
  
-A comprehensive review of the emission calculations was carried out by comparisons with the results of Submission 2019 and by plausibility checks.+A comprehensive review of the emission calculations was carried out by comparisons with the results of Submission 2020 and by plausibility checks.
  
 Once emission calculations with the German inventory model GAS-EM are completed for a specific submission, activity data (AD) and implied emission factors (IEFs) are transferred to the CSE database (Central System of Emissions) to be used to calculate the respective emissions within the CSE. These CSE emission results are then cross-checked with the emission results obtained by GAS-EM. Once emission calculations with the German inventory model GAS-EM are completed for a specific submission, activity data (AD) and implied emission factors (IEFs) are transferred to the CSE database (Central System of Emissions) to be used to calculate the respective emissions within the CSE. These CSE emission results are then cross-checked with the emission results obtained by GAS-EM.