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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:residential [2021/02/13 10:08] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:residential [2021/05/19 07:00] – [Short description] kotzulla | ||
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^ Method | ^ Method | ||
- | | | + | | |
[[f> | [[f> | ||
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==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
- | + | Activity data are taken from annual fuel delieveries data provided in line 66: ' | |
- | + | ||
- | Activity data are taken from annual fuel delieveries data provided in line 66: ' | + | |
__Table 1: Sources for consumption data in 1.A.4.b ii__ | __Table 1: Sources for consumption data in 1.A.4.b ii__ | ||
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^ Biogasoline | ^ Biogasoline | ||
| **Ʃ 1.A.4.b ii** ^ 2.177 ^ 2.395 ^ 2.395 ^ 2.411 ^ 3.510 ^ 4.236 ^ 4.172 ^ 3.879 ^ 4.118 ^ 4.411 ^ 4.412 ^ 4.406 ^ 4.253 ^ 4.221 ^ | | **Ʃ 1.A.4.b ii** ^ 2.177 ^ 2.395 ^ 2.395 ^ 2.411 ^ 3.510 ^ 4.236 ^ 4.172 ^ 3.879 ^ 4.118 ^ 4.411 ^ 4.412 ^ 4.406 ^ 4.253 ^ 4.221 ^ | ||
- | source: AGEB, 2019 [((bibcite 1))] and TREMOD MM [((bibcite 2))] | + | source: AGEB, 2020 [(AGEB2020)] and TREMOD MM [(KNOERR2020b)] |
- | [[gallery size=" | + | {{ :sector: |
- | : 1A4bii_AD.png | + | |
- | : 1A4bii_AD_bio.png | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
- | These primary activity data can be distributed onto 2- and 4-stroke engines used in households via annual shares from Knörr et al. (2019b) [((bibcite 2))]. | + | These primary activity data can be distributed onto 2- and 4-stroke engines used in households via annual shares from Knörr et al. (2020b) [(KNOERR2020b)]. |
__Table 3: Annual shares of 2- and 4-stroke engines__ | __Table 3: Annual shares of 2- and 4-stroke engines__ | ||
- | | | + | | |
- | ^ 2-Stroke | + | ^ 2-Stroke |
- | ^ 4-Stroke | + | ^ 4-Stroke |
- | source: TREMOD MM [((bibcite 2))] | + | source: TREMOD MM [(KNOERR2020b)] |
__Table 4: Resulting estimates for fuel consumption in 2- and 4-stroke engines, in terajoules__ | __Table 4: Resulting estimates for fuel consumption in 2- and 4-stroke engines, in terajoules__ | ||
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The emission factors used here are of rather different quality: | The emission factors used here are of rather different quality: | ||
- | For all **main pollutants**, | + | For all **main pollutants**, |
Here, as no such specific EF are available for biofuels, the values used for gasoline are applied to bioethanol, too. | Here, as no such specific EF are available for biofuels, the values used for gasoline are applied to bioethanol, too. | ||
- | For lead (Pb) from leaded gasoline and corresponding TSP emissions, additional emissions are are calculated from 1990 to 1997 based upon contry-specific emission factors from [((bibcite 2))].) | + | For lead (Pb) from leaded gasoline and corresponding TSP emissions, additional emissions are are calculated from 1990 to 1997 based upon contry-specific emission factors from [(KNOERR2020b)].) |
__Table 4: Annual country-specific emission factors from TREMOD MM< | __Table 4: Annual country-specific emission factors from TREMOD MM< | ||
- | | | **1990** | + | | | **1990** |
- | | **4-stroke machinery** | + | | **4-stroke machinery** |
- | ^ NH< | + | ^ NH< |
- | ^ NMVOC< | + | ^ NMVOC< |
- | ^ NMVOC< | + | ^ NMVOC< |
- | ^ NO< | + | ^ NO< |
- | ^ SO< | + | ^ SO< |
- | ^ BC< | + | ^ BC< |
- | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | ^ CO | + | ^ CO |
- | | **2-stroke machinery** | + | | **2-stroke machinery** |
- | ^ NH< | + | ^ NH< |
- | ^ NMVOC< | + | ^ NMVOC< |
- | ^ NMVOC< | + | ^ NMVOC< |
- | ^ NO< | + | ^ NO< |
- | ^ SO< | + | ^ SO< |
- | ^ BC< | + | ^ BC< |
- | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | ^ CO | + | ^ CO |
- | | **2- and 4-stroke machinery** | + | | **2- and 4-stroke machinery** |
- | ^ TSP< | + | ^ TSP< |
- | ^ Pb | | + | ^ Pb |
< | < | ||
- | < | + | < |
- | < | + | < |
< | < | ||
- | < | + | < |
< | < | ||
<WRAP center round info 100%> | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
- | With respect to the emission factors applied for particulate matter, given the circumstances during test-bench measurements, | + | With respect to the emission factors applied for particulate matter, given the circumstances during test-bench measurements, |
</ | </ | ||
- | For lead (Pb) from leaded gasoline and corresponding TSP emissions, additional emissions are are calculated from 1990 to 1997 based upon contry-specific emission factors from [((bibcite 3))]. | + | For lead (Pb) from leaded gasoline and corresponding TSP emissions, additional emissions are are calculated from 1990 to 1997 based upon contry-specific emission factors from [(EMEPEEA2019)]. |
- | + | ||
> **NOTE:** For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included. | > **NOTE:** For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included. | ||
For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | ||
- | |||
- | [!-- | ||
- | __Table 6: Tier1 emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions from fuel combustion and engine wear__ | ||
- | ||= ||= **Pb** ||= **Cd** ||= **Hg** ||= **As** ||= **Cr** ||= **Cu** ||= **Ni** ||= **Se** ||= **Zn** ||= **B[a]P** ||= **B[b]F** ||= **B[k]F** ||= **I[...]p** ||= **PAH 1-4** ||= **PCDD/ | ||
- | ||= ||||||||||||||||||= [g/ | ||
- | ||~ Gasoline fuels - 4-stroke ||> | ||
- | ||~ Gasoline fuels - 2-stroke ||> | ||
- | ^^1^^ tier1 defaults from [((bibcite 3))], chapter 1.A.3.b i-iv - Road transport: exhaust emissions: tier1 value for diesel vehicles | ||
- | ^^2^^ tier1 defaults from [((bibcite 3))], chapter 1.A.2.g vii, 1.A.4.a ii, b ii, c ii, 1.A.5.b i - Non-road | ||
- | ^^3^^ sum of tier1 default values applied for B[a]P, B[b]F, B[k]F, and I[1, | ||
- | ^^4^^ tier1 values derived from [((bibcite 4))] | ||
- | |||
- | In contrast, without country-specific information, | ||
- | //(Note: Until submission 2017, the EMEP/EEA default EFs provided for NRMM were used in the German inventory. As these EFs do not differentiate between fuel combustion and lubricant co-incineration, | ||
- | |||
- | The tier1 EF apllied for **PCDD/F** has been derived from a study carried out by (Rentz et al., 2008) [((bibcite 5))] for the German Federal Environment Agency. | ||
- | For **HCB** and **PCBs**, no emission factors are available at the moment. | ||
- | |||
- | --] | ||
===== Discussion of emission trends ===== | ===== Discussion of emission trends ===== | ||
- | > **NFR 1.A.4.b ii** is no key source. | + | __Table: Outcome of Key Category Analysis__ |
+ | | for: ^ CO ^ | ||
+ | | by: | Level & Trend | | ||
- | > Given the limited quality of gasoline-deliveries data from NEB line 66, the following emission trends are of limited significance only. | + | Given the limited quality of gasoline-deliveries data from NEB line 66, the following emission trends are of limited significance only. |
- | ++ Unregulated pollutants (NH,,3,,, HMs, POPs, ...) | + | === Unregulated pollutants (Ammonia, HMs, POPs, ...) === |
For all unregulated pollutants, emission trends directly follow the trend in fuel consumption. | For all unregulated pollutants, emission trends directly follow the trend in fuel consumption. | ||
- | [[gallery size=" | + | {{ :sector: |
- | : 1A4bii_EM_NH3.PNG | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
Here, as the emission factors for heavy metals (and POPs) are derived from tier1 default values, the emission' | Here, as the emission factors for heavy metals (and POPs) are derived from tier1 default values, the emission' | ||
- | [[gallery size=" | + | === Regulated pollutants |
- | : 1A4bii_EM_Cd.PNG | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ++ Regulated pollutants | + | |
- | + | ||
- | +++ Nitrogen oxides (NO,,x,,), Sulphur dioxide (SO,,2,,) | + | |
For all regulated pollutants, emission trends follow not only the trend in fuel consumption but also reflect the impact of fuel-quality and exhaust-emission legislation. | For all regulated pollutants, emission trends follow not only the trend in fuel consumption but also reflect the impact of fuel-quality and exhaust-emission legislation. | ||
+ | However, especially for CO and NOx, trends are strongly influenced by the changes in annual fuel deliveries as provided in NEB line 66. | ||
- | [[gallery size=" | + | {{ :sector: |
- | : 1A4bii_EM_NOx.PNG | + | {{ :sector: |
- | : 1A4bii_EM_SOx.PNG | + | {{ : |
- | [[/ | + | |
- | +++ Particulate matter | + | == Particulate matter |
Over-all PM emissions are by far dominated by emissions from diesel oil combustion with the falling trend basically following the decline in fuel consumption between 2000 and 2005. | Over-all PM emissions are by far dominated by emissions from diesel oil combustion with the falling trend basically following the decline in fuel consumption between 2000 and 2005. | ||
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Additional contributors such as the impact of TSP emissions from the use of leaded gasoline (until 1997) have no significant effect onto over-all emission estimates. | Additional contributors such as the impact of TSP emissions from the use of leaded gasoline (until 1997) have no significant effect onto over-all emission estimates. | ||
- | Here, as the EF(BC) are estimated via fractions provided in [((bibcite 3))], black carbon emissions follow the corresponding emissions of PM,,2.5,,. | + | Here, as the EF(BC) are estimated via fractions provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)], black carbon emissions follow the corresponding emissions of PM<sub>2.5</ |
+ | |||
+ | {{ : | ||
- | [[gallery size=" | ||
- | : 1A4bii_EM_PM.PNG | ||
- | [[/ | ||
===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
- | As all **emission factors** remain unchanged, recalculations occur only for 2017, resulting from the application | + | **Primary activity** data fro NEB line 66 remains unrevised. However, the percental shares of 2- and 4-stroke engines have been revised according to TREMOD MM. |
+ | |||
+ | __Table 5: Revised annual shares of 2- and 4-stroke engines__ | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | **2-stroke machinery** | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2021 | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2020 | ||
+ | ^ absolute change | ||
+ | ^ relative change | ||
+ | | **4-stroke machinery** | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2021 | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2020 | ||
+ | ^ absolute change | ||
+ | ^ relative change | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Table 5: Resulting revised annual fuel consumptions | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | **2-stroke machinery** | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2021 | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2020 | ||
+ | ^ absolute change | ||
+ | ^ relative change | ||
+ | | **4-stroke machinery** | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2021 | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2020 | ||
+ | ^ absolute change | ||
+ | ^ relative change | ||
- | __Table 7: Revised total inland fuel deliveries 2017 for household-related consumption, in terajoules__ | + | In addition, several annual country-specific |
- | ||= ||||||= **gasoline** ||||||= **biogasoline** ||= | + | |
- | ||= ||= **total** ||= **2-stroke** ||= **4-stroke** ||= **total** ||= **2-stroke** ||= **4-stroke** ||= | + | |
- | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> | + | |
- | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> | + | |
- | ||~ relative change ||> | + | |
<WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general: | For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general: | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | |||
===== Uncertainties ===== | ===== Uncertainties ===== | ||
- | Uncertainty estimates for **activity data** of mobile sources derive from research project FKZ 360 16 023 (Knörr et al. (2009)) [((bibcite 5))]: " | + | Uncertainty estimates for **activity data** of mobile sources derive from research project FKZ 360 16 023 (Knörr et al. (2009)) [(KNOERR2009)]: " |
Uncertainty estimates for **emission factors** were compiled during the PAREST research project. Here, the final report has not yet been published. | Uncertainty estimates for **emission factors** were compiled during the PAREST research project. Here, the final report has not yet been published. | ||
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===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
- | > Besides a **routine revision** of the **TREMOD MM** model, no specific improvements are planned | + | Besides a **routine revision** of the **TREMOD MM** model, no specific improvements are planned. |
===== FAQs ===== | ===== FAQs ===== | ||
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**//Why are similar EF applied for estimating exhaust heavy metal emissions from both fossil and biofuels?// | **//Why are similar EF applied for estimating exhaust heavy metal emissions from both fossil and biofuels?// | ||
- | The EF provided in [((bibcite 4))] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant' | + | The EF provided in [(RENTZ2008)] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant' |
- | + | ||
- | ------ | + | |
- | [[bibliography]] | + | [(AGEB2020> |
- | : 1 : AGEB, 2019: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; | + | [(KNOERR2020b> |
- | : 2 : Knörr et al. (2019b): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Aktualisierung des Modells TREMOD-Mobile Machinery (TREMOD MM) 2019, Heidelberg, | + | [(EMEPEEA2019> |
- | : 3 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019, Copenhagen, 2019. | + | [(RENTZ2008> |
- | : 4 : Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, | + | [(KNOERR2009> |
- | : 5 : Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; | + | |
- | [[/ | + |