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| sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:residential [2021/01/17 18:38] – created kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:residential [2021/12/15 20:00] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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| ====== 1.A.4.b ii - Residential: | ====== 1.A.4.b ii - Residential: | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Short description ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Under sub-category //1.A.4.b ii - Residential: | ||
| + | |||
| + | ^ Method | ||
| + | | T1, T2 | NS, M | CS, M, D | **L/T**: CO | | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[f> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Methodology ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Activity data are taken from annual fuel delieveries data provided in line 66: ' | ||
| + | |||
| + | __Table 1: Sources for consumption data in 1.A.4.b ii__ | ||
| + | ^ Relevant years ^ Data Source ^ | ||
| + | | through 1994 | **AGEB** - National Energy Balance, line 79: Households | ||
| + | | since 1995 | **AGEB** - National Energy Balance, line 66: Households | | ||
| + | |||
| + | Here, given the rare statistics on sold machinery, these activity data is of limited quality only (no annual but cascaded trend). | ||
| + | |||
| + | As the NEB only provides primary activity data for //total biomass// used in ' | ||
| + | |||
| + | Please note: //Data on gasoline used in households// | ||
| + | Here, fuel sales to road vehicles might also include gasoline acquired on filling stations but used for household equipment. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Due to these reasons, activity data for gasoline consumption in households machinery and, hence, several emission estimates //show no realistic trend but a stepwise development// | ||
| + | |||
| + | __Table 2: Annual over-all fuel deliveries to residential mobile sources, in terajoules__ | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | ^ Gasoline | ||
| + | ^ Biogasoline | ||
| + | | **Ʃ 1.A.4.b ii** ^ 2.177 ^ 2.395 ^ 2.395 ^ 2.411 ^ 3.510 ^ 4.236 ^ 4.172 ^ 3.879 ^ 4.118 ^ 4.411 ^ 4.412 ^ 4.406 ^ 4.253 ^ 4.221 ^ | ||
| + | source: AGEB, 2020 [(AGEB2020)] and TREMOD MM [(KNOERR2020b)] | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | |||
| + | These primary activity data can be distributed onto 2- and 4-stroke engines used in households via annual shares from Knörr et al. (2020b) [(KNOERR2020b)]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | __Table 3: Annual shares of 2- and 4-stroke engines__ | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | ^ 2-Stroke | ||
| + | ^ 4-Stroke | ||
| + | source: TREMOD MM [(KNOERR2020b)] | ||
| + | |||
| + | __Table 4: Resulting estimates for fuel consumption in 2- and 4-stroke engines, in terajoules__ | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | | **2-stroke engines** | ||
| + | ^ Gasoline | ||
| + | ^ Biogasoline | ||
| + | | **4-stroke engines** | ||
| + | ^ Gasoline | ||
| + | ^ Biogasoline | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | | **Ʃ 1.A.4.b ii** | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Emission factors ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | The emission factors used here are of rather different quality: | ||
| + | For all **main pollutants**, | ||
| + | |||
| + | Here, as no such specific EF are available for biofuels, the values used for gasoline are applied to bioethanol, too. | ||
| + | |||
| + | For lead (Pb) from leaded gasoline and corresponding TSP emissions, additional emissions are are calculated from 1990 to 1997 based upon contry-specific emission factors from [(KNOERR2020b)].) | ||
| + | |||
| + | __Table 4: Annual country-specific emission factors from TREMOD MM< | ||
| + | | | **1990** | ||
| + | | **4-stroke machinery** | ||
| + | ^ NH< | ||
| + | ^ NMVOC< | ||
| + | ^ NMVOC< | ||
| + | ^ NO< | ||
| + | ^ SO< | ||
| + | ^ BC< | ||
| + | ^ PM< | ||
| + | ^ CO | ||
| + | | **2-stroke machinery** | ||
| + | ^ NH< | ||
| + | ^ NMVOC< | ||
| + | ^ NMVOC< | ||
| + | ^ NO< | ||
| + | ^ SO< | ||
| + | ^ BC< | ||
| + | ^ PM< | ||
| + | ^ CO | ||
| + | | **2- and 4-stroke machinery** | ||
| + | ^ TSP< | ||
| + | ^ Pb | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | |||
| + | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
| + | With respect to the emission factors applied for particulate matter, given the circumstances during test-bench measurements, | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | For lead (Pb) from leaded gasoline and corresponding TSP emissions, additional emissions are are calculated from 1990 to 1997 based upon contry-specific emission factors from [(EMEPEEA2019)]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | > **NOTE:** For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included. | ||
| + | |||
| + | For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Discussion of emission trends ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | __Table: Outcome of Key Category Analysis__ | ||
| + | | for: ^ CO ^ | ||
| + | | by: | Level & Trend | | ||
| + | |||
| + | Given the limited quality of gasoline-deliveries data from NEB line 66, the following emission trends are of limited significance only. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Unregulated pollutants (Ammonia, HMs, POPs, ...) === | ||
| + | |||
| + | For all unregulated pollutants, emission trends directly follow the trend in fuel consumption. | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | |||
| + | Here, as the emission factors for heavy metals (and POPs) are derived from tier1 default values, the emission' | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Regulated pollutants === | ||
| + | |||
| + | For all regulated pollutants, emission trends follow not only the trend in fuel consumption but also reflect the impact of fuel-quality and exhaust-emission legislation. | ||
| + | However, especially for CO and NOx, trends are strongly influenced by the changes in annual fuel deliveries as provided in NEB line 66. | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Particulate matter == | ||
| + | |||
| + | Over-all PM emissions are by far dominated by emissions from diesel oil combustion with the falling trend basically following the decline in fuel consumption between 2000 and 2005. | ||
| + | Nonetheless, | ||
| + | |||
| + | Additional contributors such as the impact of TSP emissions from the use of leaded gasoline (until 1997) have no significant effect onto over-all emission estimates. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Here, as the EF(BC) are estimated via fractions provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)], | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | **Primary activity** data fro NEB line 66 remains unrevised. However, the percental shares of 2- and 4-stroke engines have been revised according to TREMOD MM. | ||
| + | |||
| + | __Table 5: Revised annual shares of 2- and 4-stroke engines__ | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | | **2-stroke machinery** | ||
| + | ^ Submission 2021 | ||
| + | ^ Submission 2020 | ||
| + | ^ absolute change | ||
| + | ^ relative change | ||
| + | | **4-stroke machinery** | ||
| + | ^ Submission 2021 | ||
| + | ^ Submission 2020 | ||
| + | ^ absolute change | ||
| + | ^ relative change | ||
| + | |||
| + | __Table 5: Resulting revised annual fuel consumptions of 2- and 4-stroke engines__ | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | | **2-stroke machinery** | ||
| + | ^ Submission 2021 | ||
| + | ^ Submission 2020 | ||
| + | ^ absolute change | ||
| + | ^ relative change | ||
| + | | **4-stroke machinery** | ||
| + | ^ Submission 2021 | ||
| + | ^ Submission 2020 | ||
| + | ^ absolute change | ||
| + | ^ relative change | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | In addition, several annual country-specific **emission factors** have been revised accoring to changes within TREMOD but cannot be displayed here in a comprehendible way. | ||
| + | |||
| + | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
| + | For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general: | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Uncertainties ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Uncertainty estimates for **activity data** of mobile sources derive from research project FKZ 360 16 023 (Knörr et al. (2009)) [(KNOERR2009)]: | ||
| + | |||
| + | Uncertainty estimates for **emission factors** were compiled during the PAREST research project. Here, the final report has not yet been published. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Besides a **routine revision** of the **TREMOD MM** model, no specific improvements are planned. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== FAQs ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | **//Why are similar EF applied for estimating exhaust heavy metal emissions from both fossil and biofuels?// | ||
| + | |||
| + | The EF provided in [(RENTZ2008)] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant' | ||
| + | |||
| + | [(AGEB2020> | ||
| + | [(KNOERR2020b> | ||
| + | [(EMEPEEA2019> | ||
| + | [(RENTZ2008> | ||
| + | [(KNOERR2009> | ||