meta data for this page
  •  

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revisionPrevious revision
Next revision		Previous revision
sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:residential [2021/04/07 12:26] – Converted Bibcite to RefNotes, moved Footnote into RefNotes gniffkesector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:residential [2021/12/15 20:00] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
Line 6: Line 6:
  
 ^  Method  ^  AD     ^  EF     ^  Key Category Analysis  ^ ^  Method  ^  AD     ^  EF     ^  Key Category Analysis  ^
-|  T1      |  NS, M  |  CS, D  |  **L/T**: CO            |+|  T1, T2    |  NS, M  |  CS, M, D  |  **L/T**: CO            |
  
 [[f>image Lawnmower.PNG size="small"]] [[f>image Lawnmower.PNG size="small"]]
Line 14: Line 14:
 ==== Activity data ==== ==== Activity data ====
  
-Activity data are taken from annual fuel delieveries data provided in line 66: 'Households' of the National Energy Balances (NEB) for Germany (AGEB, 2019) [(AGEB2019)].+Activity data are taken from annual fuel delieveries data provided in line 66: 'Households' of the National Energy Balances (NEB) for Germany (AGEB, 2020) [(AGEB2020)].
  
 __Table 1: Sources for consumption data in 1.A.4.b ii__ __Table 1: Sources for consumption data in 1.A.4.b ii__
Line 35: Line 35:
 ^ Biogasoline       |          0 |          0 |          0 |         16 |        131 |        167 |        177 |        159 |        172 |        183 |        184 |        178 |        183 |       175 | ^ Biogasoline       |          0 |          0 |          0 |         16 |        131 |        167 |        177 |        159 |        172 |        183 |        184 |        178 |        183 |       175 |
 | **Ʃ 1.A.4.b ii**  ^      2.177 ^      2.395 ^      2.395 ^      2.411 ^      3.510 ^      4.236 ^      4.172 ^      3.879 ^      4.118 ^      4.411 ^      4.412 ^      4.406 ^      4.253 ^     4.221 ^ | **Ʃ 1.A.4.b ii**  ^      2.177 ^      2.395 ^      2.395 ^      2.411 ^      3.510 ^      4.236 ^      4.172 ^      3.879 ^      4.118 ^      4.411 ^      4.412 ^      4.406 ^      4.253 ^     4.221 ^
-source: AGEB, 2019 [(AGEB2019)] and TREMOD MM [(KNOERR2019b)]+source: AGEB, 2020 [(AGEB2020)] and TREMOD MM [(KNOERR2020b)]
  
 {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:1a4bii_ad.png?700 }} {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:1a4bii_ad.png?700 }}
  
-These primary activity data can be distributed onto 2- and 4-stroke engines used in households via annual shares from Knörr et al. (2019b) [(KNOERR2019b)].+These primary activity data can be distributed onto 2- and 4-stroke engines used in households via annual shares from Knörr et al. (2020b) [(KNOERR2020b)].
  
 __Table 3: Annual shares of 2- and 4-stroke engines__ __Table 3: Annual shares of 2- and 4-stroke engines__
Line 45: Line 45:
 ^ 2-Stroke  |     28,2 % |     49,7 % |     66,5 % |     69,6 % |     73,9 % |     74,5 % |     75,7 % |     76,4 % |     76,6 % |     76,8 % |     77,1 % |     77,2 % |     77,4 % |     77,5 % | ^ 2-Stroke  |     28,2 % |     49,7 % |     66,5 % |     69,6 % |     73,9 % |     74,5 % |     75,7 % |     76,4 % |     76,6 % |     76,8 % |     77,1 % |     77,2 % |     77,4 % |     77,5 % |
 ^ 4-Stroke  |     71,8 % |     50,3 % |     33,5 % |     30,4 % |     26,1 % |     25,5 % |     24,3 % |     23,6 % |     23,4 % |     23,2 % |     22,9 % |     22,8 % |     22,6 % |     22,5 % | ^ 4-Stroke  |     71,8 % |     50,3 % |     33,5 % |     30,4 % |     26,1 % |     25,5 % |     24,3 % |     23,6 % |     23,4 % |     23,2 % |     22,9 % |     22,8 % |     22,6 % |     22,5 % |
-source: TREMOD MM [(KNOERR2019b)]+source: TREMOD MM [(KNOERR2020b)]
   
 __Table 4: Resulting estimates for fuel consumption in 2- and 4-stroke engines, in terajoules__ __Table 4: Resulting estimates for fuel consumption in 2- and 4-stroke engines, in terajoules__
Line 61: Line 61:
  
 The emission factors used here are of rather different quality: The emission factors used here are of rather different quality:
-For all **main pollutants**, **carbon monoxide** and **particulate matter**, annually changing values computed within TREMOD-MM (Knörr et al. (2019b)) [(KNOERR2019b)] are used, representing the development of mitigation technologies and the effect of fuel-quality legislation. +For all **main pollutants**, **carbon monoxide** and **particulate matter**, annually changing values computed within TREMOD-MM (Knörr et al. (2020b)) [(KNOERR2020b)] are used, representing the development of mitigation technologies and the effect of fuel-quality legislation. 
  
 Here, as no such specific EF are available for biofuels, the values used for gasoline are applied to bioethanol, too. Here, as no such specific EF are available for biofuels, the values used for gasoline are applied to bioethanol, too.
  
-For lead (Pb) from leaded gasoline and corresponding TSP emissions, additional emissions are are calculated from 1990 to 1997 based upon contry-specific emission factors from [(KNOERR2019b)].)+For lead (Pb) from leaded gasoline and corresponding TSP emissions, additional emissions are are calculated from 1990 to 1997 based upon contry-specific emission factors from [(KNOERR2020b)].)
  
 __Table 4: Annual country-specific emission factors from TREMOD MM<sup>1</sup>, in kg/TJ__ __Table 4: Annual country-specific emission factors from TREMOD MM<sup>1</sup>, in kg/TJ__
Line 105: Line 105:
 > **NOTE:** For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included.  > **NOTE:** For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included. 
  
-For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, please refer to [[[ appendix2.3-HM-from-mobile-sources | Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources]]] and [[[ appendix2.4-POPs-from-mobile-sources | Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources ]]].+For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources.
  
 ===== Discussion of emission trends ===== ===== Discussion of emission trends =====
  
-**NFR 1.A.4.b ii** is key source for carbon monoxide (CO).+__Table: Outcome of Key Category Analysis__ 
 +|  for: ^  CO             ^ 
 +|   by: |  Level & Trend  |
  
 Given the limited quality of gasoline-deliveries data from NEB line 66, the following emission trends are of limited significance only. Given the limited quality of gasoline-deliveries data from NEB line 66, the following emission trends are of limited significance only.
Line 195: Line 197:
 The EF provided in [(RENTZ2008)] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant's heavy-metal content as well as (iii) engine wear. Here, there might be no heavy metal contained in biofuels. But since the specific shares of (i), (ii) and (iii) cannot be separated, and since the contributions of lubricant and engine wear might be dominant, the same emission factors are applied to biodiesel and bioethanol. The EF provided in [(RENTZ2008)] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant's heavy-metal content as well as (iii) engine wear. Here, there might be no heavy metal contained in biofuels. But since the specific shares of (i), (ii) and (iii) cannot be separated, and since the contributions of lubricant and engine wear might be dominant, the same emission factors are applied to biodiesel and bioethanol.
  
------- +[(AGEB2020>AGEB, 2020: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; URL: http://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/7-0-Bilanzen-1990-2018.html, (Aufruf: 29.11.2020), Köln & Berlin, 2020)] 
- +[(KNOERR2020b>Knörr et al. (2020b): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Aktualisierung des Modells TREMOD-Mobile Machinery (TREMOD MM) 2020, Heidelberg, 2020.)]
-[(AGEB2019>AGEB, 2019: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; URL: http://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/7-0-Bilanzen-1990-2017.html, (Aufruf: 29.10.2019), Köln & Berlin, 2019)] +
-[(KNOERR2019b>Knörr et al. (2019b): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Aktualisierung des Modells TREMOD-Mobile Machinery (TREMOD MM) 2019, Heidelberg, 2019.)]+
 [(EMEPEEA2019>EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019, Copenhagen, 2019.)] [(EMEPEEA2019>EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019, Copenhagen, 2019.)]
 [(RENTZ2008>Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )] [(RENTZ2008>Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )]
 [(KNOERR2009>Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; final report; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3937.pdf, FKZ 360 16 023, Heidelberg & Zürich, 2009.)] [(KNOERR2009>Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; final report; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3937.pdf, FKZ 360 16 023, Heidelberg & Zürich, 2009.)]