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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:stationary_small_combustion:residential [2021/01/18 14:14] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:stationary_small_combustion:residential [2021/12/15 20:00] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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===== Short description ===== | ===== Short description ===== | ||
- | {{ : | + | {{ : |
In source category // | In source category // | ||
- | ^ | + | ^ Category Code ^ Method |
- | | T2, T3 | NS | CS, D | | + | | 1.A.4.b.i |
+ | ^ Key Category | ||
+ | | 1.A.4.b.i | ||
{{page> | {{page> | ||
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===== Methodology ===== | ===== Methodology ===== | ||
- | === Activity data === | + | ==== Activity data ==== |
For further information on activity data please refer to the [[sector: | For further information on activity data please refer to the [[sector: | ||
- | === Emission factors === | + | ==== Emission factors |
For further information on the emission factors applied please refer to the [[sector: | For further information on the emission factors applied please refer to the [[sector: | ||
__Table 1: Emission factors for domestic combustion installations__ | __Table 1: Emission factors for domestic combustion installations__ | ||
- | ||= **Pollutant** ||~ NO,,x,, ||~ SO,,x,, ||~ CO ||~ NMVOC ||~ TSP ||~ PM,,10,, ||~ PM,,2.5,, ||~ PAH ||~ PCDD/ | + | ^ Pollutant |
- | ||= **Fuel** ||||||||||||||= | + | ^ Fuel |
- | ||~ Hard Coal ||> 61.1 ||> 385.5 ||> 3,422 ||> | + | ^ Hard Coal | 61.1 | 385.5 | 3,422 | 67.0 | |
- | ||~ Hard Coal Coke ||> 40.0 ||> 458.6 ||> 5,448 ||> 11.5 ||> 16.6 ||> 15.8 ||> 14.2 ||> 100,000 ||> 45.7 || | + | ^ Hard Coal Coke |
- | ||~ Hard Coal Briquettes | + | ^ Hard Coal Briquettes |
- | ||~ Lignite Briquettes ||> 87.0 ||> 421.6 ||> 2,349 ||> 158.0 ||> 79.5 ||> 76.5 ||> 68.2 ||> 90,000 ||> 24.8 || | + | ^ Lignite Briquettes |
- | ||~ Natural Wood ||> 69.9 ||> 8.1 ||> 1,632 ||> 126.6 ||> 75.9 ||> 74.3 ||> 70.7 ||> 600,000 ||> 45.2 || | + | ^ Natural Wood |
- | ||~ Light Fuel Oil ||> 22.1 ||> 3.3 ||> 11.8 ||> 1.5 ||> 0.9 ||> 0.9 ||> 0.9 ||> 160.7 ||> 2.2 || | + | ^ Light Fuel Oil |
- | ||~ Natural Gas ||> 20.5 ||> 0.1 ||> 13.2 ||> 0.6 ||> 0.03 ||> 0.03 ||> 0.03 ||> 40 ||> 2.1 || | + | ^ Natural Gas | 20.5 | 0.1 | |
TSP and PM emission factors are to a large extend based on measurements without condensed compounds, according to CEN-TS 15883, annex I. | TSP and PM emission factors are to a large extend based on measurements without condensed compounds, according to CEN-TS 15883, annex I. | ||
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===== Trend Discussion for Key Sources ===== | ===== Trend Discussion for Key Sources ===== | ||
- | |||
The following charts give an overview and assistance for explaining dominant emission trends of selected pollutants. | The following charts give an overview and assistance for explaining dominant emission trends of selected pollutants. | ||
- | [[gallery size=" | + | {{:sector: |
- | : 1A4bi_AR.png | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
Annual fluctuations of all fuel types in source category // | Annual fluctuations of all fuel types in source category // | ||
- | ++ Sulfur Oxides & Nitrogen Oxides | + | ==== Sulfur Oxides & Nitrogen Oxides |
+ | {{: | ||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | {{: | ||
- | [[gallery size=" | + | SO< |
- | : 1A4bi_EM_SO2.PNG | + | In contrast to SO< |
- | : 1A4bi_EM_SO2_2000.png | + | |
- | : 1A4bi_EM_NOx.PNG | + | |
- | [[/gallery]] | + | |
- | SO,,2,, emissions decrease due to the fuel switch from coal (especially lignite with a high emission factor) to natural gas with a lower emission factor. A further SO,,2,, reduction from 2008 onwards can be explained by the increasing use of low-sulfur fuel oil. Nowadays | + | ==== Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds & Carbon Monoxide - NMVOC & CO ==== |
- | In contrast to SO,,2,, emissions NO,,X,, emission trend is less influenced by fuel characteristics but more by combustion conditions. Therefore NO,,X,, emission values shows lower reduction. During the last years the use of firewood gain influence. | + | {{:sector: |
- | + | {{:sector: | |
- | ++ Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds & Carbon Monoxide - NMVOC & CO | + | |
- | [[gallery size=" | + | |
- | : 1A4bi_EM_NMVOC.PNG | + | |
- | : 1A4bi_EM_CO.png | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
Main driver of the NMVOC emission trend is the decreasing lignite consumption. In the residential sector the emission trend is also affected by the increasing use of firewood with high emission factors which levels off the emission reduction. | Main driver of the NMVOC emission trend is the decreasing lignite consumption. In the residential sector the emission trend is also affected by the increasing use of firewood with high emission factors which levels off the emission reduction. | ||
- | The explanation for decreasing carbon monoxide emissions is similar to the trend discussion for SO,,2,, and NMVOC. Since 1990 the fuel use changed from solid fuels, which causes high CO-emissions, | + | The explanation for decreasing carbon monoxide emissions is similar to the trend discussion for SO<sub>2</ |
- | ++ Particulate Matter - PM,,2.5,, & PM,, | + | ==== Particulate Matter - PM2.5 & PM10 & TSP ==== |
- | [[gallery size=" | + | {{:sector: |
- | : 1A4bi_EM_PM2.5.PNG | + | {{:sector: |
- | : 1A4bi_EM_PM10.PNG | + | {{:sector: |
- | : 1A4bi_EM_TSP.PNG | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
- | The emission trend for PM,,2.5,,, PM,,10,,, and TSP are also influenced severely by decreasing coal consumption in small combustion plants, particularly in the period from 1990 to 1994. Since 1995 the emission trend didn't change hardly. Increasing emissions in the last years are caused by the rising wood combustion in residential fire places and stoves. | + | The emission trend for PM<sub>2.5</ |
- | ++ Persistent Organic Pollutants | + | ==== Persistent Organic Pollutants ==== |
- | [[gallery size=" | + | {{:sector: |
- | : 1A4bi_EM_PCDDF.PNG | + | {{:sector: |
- | : 1A4bi_EM_PAH.png | + | {{:sector: |
- | : 1A4bi_EM_HCB.PNG | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
The main driver of the POP emission trend are coal and fuelwood. PCDD/F emissions from coal fired furnaces are declining but the effect is retarded by increasing wood consumption. The same influencing variables apply accordingly to the PAH emission trends. The emission trend of HCB shows a high dominance of emissions from wood-burning. Data source for HCB emission factors is the EMEP/ | The main driver of the POP emission trend are coal and fuelwood. PCDD/F emissions from coal fired furnaces are declining but the effect is retarded by increasing wood consumption. The same influencing variables apply accordingly to the PAH emission trends. The emission trend of HCB shows a high dominance of emissions from wood-burning. Data source for HCB emission factors is the EMEP/ | ||
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Recalculations were necessary for the latest reference year (2018) due to the availability of the National Energy Balance. Germany has a federal structure which causes a time lack of the National Energy Balance. Therefore recalculations are always necessary. | Recalculations were necessary for the latest reference year (2018) due to the availability of the National Energy Balance. Germany has a federal structure which causes a time lack of the National Energy Balance. Therefore recalculations are always necessary. | ||
- | Further recalculations due to a comprehensive revision of biomass data. | + | Further recalculations due to a comprehensive revision of PAH Emission factors. |
<WRAP center round info 100%> | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | ===== Planned improvements ===== | + | |
===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
- | Currently it's planned to measure PAH for wood and coal fired stoves in order to replace summarized PAH emission factors | + | There is a running Project on new emission factors |
- | In the case of availability of PCB emission factors according to the WHO TEQ for iron and steel and cement industry it's planned to replace country specific PCB emission factors for small combustion plants by using default values. | + |