meta data for this page
  •  

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revisionPrevious revision
Next revision		Previous revision
Next revisionBoth sides next revision
sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:domestic_civil_aviation_-_cruise [2021/01/15 21:18] – kotzullasector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:domestic_civil_aviation_-_cruise [2021/04/08 08:51] – kotzulla
Line 3: Line 3:
 ===== Short description ===== ===== Short description =====
  
-^  Method      ^  AD     ^  EF        ^  Key Category for                           ^ +^ Category Code   ^  Method                                                                  ||||^  AD                               ||||^  EF                                       ||||| 
-|  T1, T2, T3  |  NS, M  |  CS, D, M  |  //not included in key category analysis//  |+| 1.A.3.a ii (ii)  |  T1, T2, T3                                                              |||||  NS, M                            |||||  CS, D, M                                 ||||| 
 +^  Key Category   ^  SO₂                                        ^  NOₓ  ^  NH₃  ^  NMVOC  ^  CO  ^  BC     ^  Pb  ^  Hg  ^  Cd  ^  Diox  ^  PAH       ^  HCB  ^  TSP  ^  PM₁₀  ^  PM₂.₅  ^ 
 +| 1.A.3.a ii (ii)  |  //not included in key category analysis//                                                                                                             |||||||||||||||
  
 In NFR category //1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation: Cruise// emissions from domestic flights between German airports during cruise stage (above 3,000 feet of altitude) are reported. In NFR category //1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation: Cruise// emissions from domestic flights between German airports during cruise stage (above 3,000 feet of altitude) are reported.
Line 10: Line 12:
 In the following, information on sub-category specific activity data, (implied) emission factors and emission estimates are provided. In the following, information on sub-category specific activity data, (implied) emission factors and emission estimates are provided.
  
-===== Method =====+===== Methodology =====
  
-=== Actitvity Data ===+==== Actitvity Data ====
  
-Specific jet kerosene consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation|superordinate chapter]].+Specific fuel consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:start|superordinate chapter]].
  
-__Table 1: annual jet kerosene consumption during cruise-stage, in terajoules__ +__Table 1: annual jet kerosene & avgas consumption during cruise-stage, in terajoules__ 
-|  **1990**  |  **1995**  |  **2000**  |  **2005**  |  **2006**  |  **2007**  |  **2008**  |  **2009**  |  **2010**  |  **2011**  |  **2012**  |  **2013**  |  **2014**  |  **2015**  |  **2016**  |  **2017**  |  **2018**  | **2019**  | +|           |  **1990**  |  **1995**  |  **2000**  |  **2005**  |  **2006**  |  **2007**  |  **2008**  |  **2009**  |  **2010**  |  **2011**  |  **2012**  |  **2013**  |  **2014**  |  **2015**  |  **2016**  |  **2017**  |  **2018**  |  **2019**  | 
-|  20,024    |  20,875    |  22,967    |  21,565    |  22,122    |  22,904    |  23,145    |  21,771    |  21,579    |  21,776    |  20,673    |  18,717    |  19,614    |  19,730    |  19,746    |  19,074    |  19,178    |           | +^ Kerosene  |     21.690 |     19.937 |     25.301 |     24.071 |     24.736 |     25.337 |     25.111 |     24.048 |     22.503 |     20.552 |     21.026 |     19.762 |     19.038 |     19.195 |     20.067 |     20.793 |     21.067 |     21.573 | 
-source: Knörr et al. (2019c) [((bibcite 2))] & Gores (2019) [((bibcite 3))]+^ Avgas     |      1.580 |        614 |        614 |        291 |        260 |        228 |        259 |        244 |        237 |        283 |        246 |        199 |        180 |        233 |        145 |        142 |        116 |         72 | 
 +source: Knörr et al. (2020c) [(KNOERR2020c)] & Gores (2020) [(GORES2020)]
  
-[[gallery size="medium"]] +==== Emission factors ====
-: 1A3aii(ii)_AD.png +
-[[/gallery]]+
  
-=== Emission factors ===+All country specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 [(KNOERR2010)] and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV [(KNOERR2020c)]. 
  
-All country specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 [((bibcite 1))] and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV [((bibcite 2))].  +For more information, please see the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:start|superordinate chapter]] on civil aviation.
- +
-For more information, please see the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation|superordinate chapter]] on civil aviation.+
  
 __Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ __Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__
-|| ||= **1990** ||= **1995** ||= **2000** ||= **2005** ||= **2006** ||= **2007** ||= **2008** ||= **2009** ||= **2010** ||= **2011** ||= **2012** ||= **2013** ||= **2014** ||= **2015** ||= **2016** ||= **2017** ||= **2018** ||= +|                   |  **1990**  |  **1995**  |  **2000**  |  **2005**  |  **2006**  |  **2007**  |  **2008**  |  **2009**  |  **2010**  |  **2011**  |  **2012**  |  **2013**  |  **2014**  |  **2015**  |  **2016**  |  **2017**  |  **2018**  | **2019**  | 
-||~ NH,,3,, ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||= +| **JET KEROSENE**                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ||||||||||||||||||| 
-||~ NMVOC ||> 15.1 ||> 17.0 ||> 17.2 ||> 19.9 ||> 20.9 ||> 21.5 ||> 21.7 ||> 21.6 ||> 21.3 ||> 21.4 ||> 21.7 ||> 23.3 ||> 23.6 ||> 23.8 ||> 19.1 ||> 19.5 ||> 18.9 ||= +^ NH<sub>3</sub>           |       3,98 |       3,95 |       3,95 |       3,97 |       3,97 |       3,97 |       3,97 |       3,97 |       3,97 |       3,97 |       3,97 |       3,97 |       3,97 |       3,97 |       3,97 |       3,97 |       3,97 |      3,97 | 
-||~ NO,,x,, ||> 330 ||> 367 ||> 332 ||> 319 ||> 317 ||> 320 ||> 333 ||> 346 ||> 354 ||> 356 ||> 360 ||> 359 ||> 366 ||> 365 ||> 379 ||> 380 ||> 369 ||= +^ NMVOC             |       13,3 |       8,96 |       5,98 |       5,27 |       5,15 |       5,02 |       4,89 |       4,77 |       4,66 |       4,53 |       4,39 |       4,39 |       4,71 |       4,35 |       4,17 |       4,23 |       4,32 |      4,25 | 
-||~ SO,,x,, ||> 19.7 ||> 19.5 ||> 19.5 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||= +^ NO<sub>x</sub>           |        313 |        317 |        329 |        338 |        338 |        342 |        343 |        346 |        352 |        354 |        360 |        362 |        362 |        366 |        370 |        372 |        373 |       375 | 
-||~ PM^^1^^ ||> 4.21 ||> 5.19 ||> 5.09 ||> 5.27 ||> 5.33 ||> 5.16 ||> 4.58 ||> 4.63 ||> 4.76 ||> 4.69 ||> 4.71 ||> 4.72 ||> 4.95 ||> 5.00 ||> 4.66 ||> 4.61 ||> 4.98 ||= +^ SO<sub>x</sub>           |       19,7 |       19,5 |       19,5 |       19,6 |       19,6 |       19,6 |       19,6 |       19,6 |       19,6 |       19,6 |       19,6 |       19,6 |       19,6 |       19,6 |       19,6 |       19,6 |       19,6 |      19,6 | 
-||~ BC^^2^^ ||> 2.02 ||> 2.49 ||> 2.44 ||> 2.53 ||> 2.56 ||> 2.47 ||> 2.20 ||> 2.22 ||> 2.28 ||> 2.25 ||> 2.26 ||> 2.27 ||> 2.38 ||> 2.40 ||> 2.24 ||> 2.21 ||> 2.39 ||= +^ BC                |       1,89 |       1,96 |       2,03 |       1,93 |       1,91 |       1,89 |       1,85 |       1,83 |       1,81 |       1,80 |       1,79 |       1,77 |       1,74 |       1,73 |       1,73 |       1,74 |       1,75 |      1,75 | 
-||~ CO    ||> 144 ||> 145 ||> 179 ||> 195 ||> 194 ||> 193 ||> 195 ||> 194 ||> 190 ||> 190 ||> 194 ||> 205 ||> 206 ||> 208 ||> 149 ||> 145 ||> 143 ||= +^ PM                |       3,94 |       4,08 |       4,23 |       4,02 |       3,98 |       3,93 |       3,86 |       3,81 |       3,77 |       3,74 |       3,72 |       3,69 |       3,62 |       3,59 |       3,61 |       3,62 |       3,64 |      3,65 | 
-^^1^^ EF(TSP) also applied for PM,,10,, and PM,,2.5,, (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM,,2.5,,)  +^ CO                |       73,8 |       61,6 |       47,7 |       42,4 |       41,5 |       40,6 |       39,7 |       38,6 |       37,8 |       37,3 |       37,0 |       36,8 |       40,1 |       36,2 |       34,2 |       34,2 |       34,7 |      34,6 | 
-^^2^^ estimated via a f-BC of 0.48 as provided in [((bibcite 4))], Chapter: 1.A.3.a, 1.A.5.b Aviation, page 49: "Conclusion". +| **AVGAS**         |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |           | 
 +^ NH<sub>3</sub>           |  NE        |  NE        |  NE        |  NE        |  NE        |  NE        |  NE        |  NE        |  NE        |  NE        |  NE        |  NE        |  NE        |  NE        |  NE        |  NE        |  NE        |  NE       | 
 +^ NMVOC             |        468 |        498 |        477 |        462 |        452 |        451 |        461 |        470 |        460 |        523 |        519 |        518 |        506 |        515 |        430 |        437 |        449 |       467 | 
 +^ NO<sub>x</sub>           |        103 |        109 |        103 |        100 |         98 |         97 |         99 |        100 |         97 |        111 |        109 |        110 |        104 |        108 |       68,7 |       69,8 |       73,7 |      82,2 | 
 +^ SO<sub>x</sub>           |       0,46 |       0,46 |       0,46 |       0,46 |       0,46 |       0,46 |       0,46 |       0,46 |       0,46 |       0,46 |       0,46 |       0,46 |       0,46 |       0,46 |       0,46 |       0,46 |       0,46 |      0,46 | 
 +^ BC                |       0,40 |       0,42 |       0,41 |       0,40 |       0,40 |       0,40 |       0,41 |       0,41 |       0,41 |       0,44 |       0,44 |       0,44 |       0,45 |       0,44 |       0,47 |       0,47 |       0,47 |      0,46 | 
 +^ PM                |       2,69 |       2,80 |       2,74 |       2,68 |       2,65 |       2,67 |       2,70 |       2,76 |       2,74 |       2,96 |       2,96 |       2,93 |       2,97 |       2,95 |       3,11 |       3,14 |       3,13 |      3,08 | 
 +^ TSP               |       17,9 |       18,0 |       17,9 |       17,9 |       17,8 |       17,8 |       17,9 |       17,9 |       17,9 |       18,1 |       18,1 |       18,1 |       18,1 |       18,1 |       18,3 |       18,3 |       18,3 |      18,2 | 
 +^ CO                |     20.915 |     22.610 |     21.827 |     21.055 |     20.659 |     21.024 |     21.402 |     22.335 |     22.225 |     25.229 |     25.303 |     24.882 |     25.753 |     25.200 |     29.832 |     30.337 |     30.216 |    29.108 | 
 +<sup>1</sup> EF(TSP) also applied for PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM<sub>2.5</sub>) \\ 
 +<sup>2</sup> estimated via a f-BC of 0.48 as provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)], Chapter: 1.A.3.a, 1.A.5.b Aviation, page 49: "Conclusion". 
              
-**NOTE:** For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included. +<WRAP center round info 100%> 
 +For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included. 
 +</WRAP> 
  
 ===== Trend discussion for Key Sources ===== ===== Trend discussion for Key Sources =====
  
-> NFR 1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation - Cruise is **not included in the national emission totals** and hence **not included in the key category analysis**.+NFR 1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation - Cruise is **not included in the national emission totals** and hence **not included in the key category analysis**.
  
 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
  
-**Activity data** have been revised for all years within TREMOD AV to keep in line with information available from the 2019 EMEP/EEA Guidebook [((bibcite 4))] and Eurocontrol's AEM model [((bibcite 5))]. +**Activity data** have been revised for all years within TREMOD AV to keep in line with information available from Eurocontrol's AEM model [(EUROCONTROL2020)]. 
  
-__Table 3: Revised kerosene consumption in 1.A.3.a ii (ii), in terajoules__ +Furthermore, for the first time, the use of aviation gasoline (avgas) for international flights has been estimated. These amounts have been re-allocated from NFR 1.A.3.a ii (i), where 100% of avgas consumption has been allocated so far. 
-|| ||= **1990** ||= **1995** ||= **2000** ||= **2005** ||= **2006** ||= **2007** ||= **2008** ||= **2009** ||= **2010** ||= **2011** ||= **2012** ||= **2013** ||= **2014** ||= **2015** ||= **2016** ||= **2017** ||= +
-||~ Submission 2020 ||> 20,024 ||> 20,875 ||> 22,967 ||> 21,565 ||> 22,122 ||> 22,904 ||> 23,145 ||> 21,771 ||> 21,579 ||> 21,776 ||> 20,673 ||> 18,717 ||> 19,614 ||> 19,730 ||> 19,746 ||> 19,074 ||= +
-||~ Submission 2019 ||> 19,455 ||> 20,404 ||> 23,321 ||> 21,678 ||> 22,233 ||> 22,907 ||> 23,190 ||> 21,977 ||> 21,753 ||> 21,967 ||> 20,754 ||> 18,869 ||> 19,090 ||> 19,803 ||> 20,388 ||> 19,586 ||= +
-||~ absolute change ||> 569 ||> 471 ||> -354 ||> -112 ||> -112 ||> -3.15 ||> -44.9 ||> -206 ||> -174 ||> -191 ||> -81.7 ||> -152 ||> 524.71 ||> -72.8 ||> -643 ||> -512 ||= +
-||~ relative change ||> 2.92% ||> 2.31% ||> -1.52% ||> -0.52% ||> -0.50% ||> -0.01% ||> -0.19% ||> -0.94% ||> -0.80% ||> -0.87% ||> -0.39% ||> -0.80% ||> 2.75% ||> -0.37% ||> -3.15% ||> -2.61% ||=+
  
-In parallel, the majority of **country-specific emission factors**  has been revised within TREMOD AV based on information available from the 2019 EMEP/EEA Guidebook [((bibcite 4))] and Eurocontrol's AEM model [((bibcite 5))].+__Table 3: Revised annual fuel consumption in 1.A.3.a ii (ii), in terajoules__ 
 +|                   |  **1990**  |  **1995**  |  **2000**  |  **2005**  |  **2006**  |  **2007**  |  **2008**  |  **2009**  |  **2010**  |  **2011**  |  **2012**  |  **2013**  |  **2014**  |  **2015**  |  **2016**  |  **2017**  |  **2018**  | 
 +| **JET KEROSENE**                                                                                                                                                                                                              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 +^ Submission 2021   |     21.690 |     19.937 |     25.301 |     24.071 |     24.736 |     25.337 |     25.111 |     24.048 |     22.503 |     20.552 |     21.026 |     19.762 |     19.038 |     19.195 |     20.067 |     20.793 |     21.067 | 
 +^ Submission 2020   |     20.024 |     20.875 |     22.967 |     21.565 |     22.122 |     22.904 |     23.145 |     21.771 |     21.579 |     21.776 |     20.673 |     18.717 |     19.614 |     19.730 |     19.746 |     19.074 |     19.178 | 
 +^ absolute change   |      1.667 |       -938 |      2.334 |      2.505 |      2.615 |      2.433 |      1.966 |      2.277 |        923 |     -1.224 |        354 |      1.045 |       -576 |       -535 |        321 |      1.719 |      1.888 | 
 +^ relative change   |      8,32% |     -4,49% |     10,16% |     11,62% |     11,82% |     10,62% |      8,49% |     10,46% |      4,28% |     -5,62% |      1,71% |      5,58% |     -2,94% |     -2,71% |      1,63% |      9,01% |      9,85% | 
 +| **AVGAS**                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |||||||||||||||||| 
 +^ Submission 2021   |      1.580 |        614 |        614 |        291 |        260 |        228 |        259 |        244 |        237 |        283 |        246 |        199 |        180 |        233 |        145 |        142 |        116 | 
 +^ Submission 2020   |  IE        |  IE        |  IE        |  IE        |  IE        |  IE        |  IE        |  IE        |  IE        |  IE        |  IE        |  IE        |  IE        |  IE        |  IE        |  IE        |  IE        | 
 +^ absolute change   |      1.580 |        614 |        614 |        291 |        260 |        228 |        259 |        244 |        237 |        283 |        246 |        199 |        180 |        233 |        145 |        142 |        116 |
  
-__Table 4: Revised emission-factor values, in [kg/TJ]__ +In parallel, the majority of **country-specific emission factors**  has been revised within TREMOD AV based on information available from Eurocontrol's AEM model [(EUROCONTROL2020)].
-||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< **NMVOC** ||= +
-||~ Submission 2020 ||> 15.1 ||> 17.0 ||> 17.2 ||> 19.9 ||> 20.9 ||> 21.5 ||> 21.7 ||> 21.6 ||> 21.3 ||> 21.4 ||> 21.7 ||> 23.3 ||> 23.6 ||> 23.8 ||> 19.1 ||> 19.5 ||= +
-||~ Submission 2019 ||> 9.3 ||> 11.6 ||> 10.5 ||> 12.1 ||> 13.2 ||> 13.3 ||> 13.0 ||> 13.1 ||> 13.1 ||> 13.3 ||> 13.2 ||> 13.7 ||> 14.1 ||> 13.5 ||> 13.4 ||> 13.6 ||= +
-||~ absolute change ||> 5.84 ||> 5.46 ||> 6.68 ||> 7.76 ||> 7.69 ||> 8.21 ||> 8.69 ||> 8.49 ||> 8.24 ||> 8.10 ||> 8.48 ||> 9.68 ||> 9.48 ||> 10.28 ||> 5.66 ||> 5.83 ||= +
-||~ relative change ||> 63.0% ||> 47.2% ||> 63.8% ||> 64.0% ||> 58.1% ||> 61.7% ||> 66.7% ||> 64.8% ||> 63.1% ||> 61.1% ||> 64.0% ||> 70.9% ||> 67.1% ||> 75.9% ||> 42.2% ||> 42.7% ||= +
-||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< **Nitrogen oxides - NO,,x,,** ||= +
-||~ Submission 2020 ||> 330 ||> 367 ||> 332 ||> 319 ||> 317 ||> 320 ||> 333 ||> 346 ||> 354 ||> 356 ||> 360 ||> 359 ||> 366 ||> 365 ||> 379 ||> 380 ||= +
-||~ Submission 2019 ||> 342 ||> 381 ||> 351 ||> 338 ||> 339 ||> 346 ||> 358 ||> 366 ||> 372 ||> 375 ||> 380 ||> 385 ||> 384 ||> 388 ||> 396 ||> 402 ||= +
-||~ absolute change ||> -12.51 ||> -14.42 ||> -18.74 ||> -19.36 ||> -21.48 ||> -26.16 ||> -25.15 ||> -20.71 ||> -18.06 ||> -19.21 ||> -20.09 ||> -26.37 ||> -17.21 ||> -22.82 ||> -17.11 ||> -21.59 ||= +
-||~ relative change ||> -3.65% ||> -3.79% ||> -5.34% ||> -5.72% ||> -6.34% ||> -7.55% ||> -7.02% ||> -5.65% ||> -4.86% ||> -5.13% ||> -5.29% ||> -6.85% ||> -4.48% ||> -5.88% ||> -4.33% ||> -5.38% ||= +
-||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< **Sulphur oxides - SO,,x,,** ||= +
-||~ Submission 2020 ||> 19.7 ||> 19.5 ||> 19.5 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||= +
-||~ Submission 2019 ||> 25.1 ||> 15.2 ||> 8.5 ||> 6.3 ||> 5.9 ||> 5.5 ||> 5.1 ||> 4.7 ||> 4.7 ||> 4.7 ||> 4.7 ||> 4.7 ||> 4.7 ||> 4.7 ||> 4.7 ||> 4.7 ||= +
-||~ absolute change ||> -5.45 ||> 4.30 ||> 11.08 ||> 13.28 ||> 13.71 ||> 14.13 ||> 14.55 ||> 14.98 ||> 14.98 ||> 14.98 ||> 14.98 ||> 14.98 ||> 14.98 ||> 14.98 ||> 14.98 ||> 14.98 ||= +
-||~ relative change ||> -21.7% ||> 28.2% ||> 131% ||> 209% ||> 232% ||> 257% ||> 287% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||= +
-||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< **Black carbon - BC** ||= +
-||~ Submission 2020 ||> 2.02 ||> 2.49 ||> 2.44 ||> 2.53 ||> 2.56 ||> 2.47 ||> 2.20 ||> 2.22 ||> 2.28 ||> 2.25 ||> 2.26 ||> 2.27 ||> 2.38 ||> 2.40 ||> 2.24 ||> 2.21 ||= +
-||~ Submission 2019 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||= +
-||~ absolute change ||> -0.21 ||> 0.26 ||> 0.21 ||> 0.30 ||> 0.32 ||> 0.24 ||> -0.03 ||> -0.01 ||> 0.05 ||> 0.02 ||> 0.03 ||> 0.03 ||> 0.15 ||> 0.17 ||> 0.01 ||> -0.02 ||= +
-||~ relative change ||> -9.52% ||> 11.61% ||> 9.50% ||> 13.39% ||> 14.49% ||> 10.85% ||> -1.42% ||> -0.49% ||> 2.32% ||> 0.82% ||> 1.34% ||> 1.55% ||> 6.53% ||> 7.57% ||> 0.29% ||> -0.95% ||= +
-||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< **Particulate matter - PM** ||= +
-||~ Submission 2020 ||> 4.21 ||> 5.19 ||> 5.09 ||> 5.27 ||> 5.33 ||> 5.16 ||> 4.58 ||> 4.63 ||> 4.76 ||> 4.69 ||> 4.71 ||> 4.72 ||> 4.95 ||> 5.00 ||> 4.66 ||> 4.61 ||= +
-||~ Submission 2019 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||= +
-||~ absolute change ||> -0.44 ||> 0.54 ||> 0.44 ||> 0.62 ||> 0.67 ||> 0.50 ||> -0.07 ||> -0.02 ||> 0.11 ||> 0.04 ||> 0.06 ||> 0.07 ||> 0.30 ||> 0.35 ||> 0.01 ||> -0.04 ||= +
-||~ relative change ||> -9.52% ||> 11.6% ||> 9.50% ||> 13.4% ||> 14.5% ||> 10.8% ||> -1.42% ||> -0.49% ||> 2.32% ||> 0.82% ||> 1.34% ||> 1.55% ||> 6.53% ||> 7.57% ||> 0.29% ||> -0.95% ||= +
-||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< **Carbon monoxide - CO** ||= +
-||~ Submission 2020 ||> 144.5 ||> 145.2 ||> 179.0 ||> 195.3 ||> 194.5 ||> 193.3 ||> 195.1 ||> 194.2 ||> 190.2 ||> 190.0 ||> 194.1 ||> 205.0 ||> 206.2 ||> 208.5 ||> 149.0 ||> 145.3 ||= +
-||~ Submission 2019 ||> 85.5 ||> 88.2 ||> 111.7 ||> 111.0 ||> 111.0 ||> 105.2 ||> 102.4 ||> 104.8 ||> 105.8 ||> 105.2 ||> 102.1 ||> 98.7 ||> 100.4 ||> 104.3 ||> 98.2 ||> 91.7 ||= +
-||~ absolute change ||> 58.93 ||> 56.97 ||> 67.33 ||> 84.30 ||> 83.50 ||> 88.08 ||> 92.71 ||> 89.41 ||> 84.38 ||> 84.77 ||> 91.96 ||> 106.30 ||> 105.85 ||> 104.16 ||> 50.81 ||> 53.62 ||= +
-||~ relative change ||> 68.9% ||> 64.6% ||> 60.3% ||> 75.9% ||> 75.2% ||> 83.7% ||> 90.5% ||> 85.3% ||> 79.7% ||> 80.6% ||> 90.1% ||> 108% ||> 105.4% ||> 99.9% ||> 51.7% ||> 58.5% ||=+
  
 <WRAP center round info 60%> <WRAP center round info 60%>
-For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start | 8.1 - Recalculations]]].+For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start | 8.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
 ===== Uncertainties ===== ===== Uncertainties =====
  
-For uncertainties information, please see [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation|main chapter]] on civil aviation.+For uncertainties information, please see the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:start|main chapter]] on civil aviation.
  
 ===== Planned improvements ===== ===== Planned improvements =====
  
-For information on planned improvements, please see [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation|main chapter]] on civil aviation.+For information on planned improvements, please see the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:start|main chapter]] on civil aviation.
  
-------+===== FAQs =====
  
-[[bibliography]] +[(KNOERR2010> Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/entwicklung-eines-modells-zur-berechnung; Berlin & Heidelberg, 2012.)] 
-: 1 : Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/entwicklung-eines-modells-zur-berechnung; Berlin & Heidelberg, 2012. +[(KNOERR2020c> Knörr et al. (2020c): Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S.: TREMOD Aviation (TREMOD AV) 2018 - Revision des Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV). Heidelberg, Berlin: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH & Öko-Institut e.V., Berlin & Heidelberg, 2020.)] 
-: 2 : Knörr et al. (2019c): Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S.: TREMOD Aviation (TREMOD AV) 2019 - Revision des Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV). Heidelberg, Berlin: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH & Öko-Institut e.V., Berlin & Heidelberg, 2019. +[(GORES2020> Gores (2020): Inventartool zum deutschen Flugverkehrsinventar 1990-2018, im Rahmen der Aktualisierung des Moduls TREMOD-AV im Transportemissionsmodell TREMOD, Berlin, 2020.)] 
-: 3 : Gores (2018): Inventartool zum deutschen Flugverkehrsinventar 1990-2018, im Rahmen der Aktualisierung des Moduls TREMOD-AV im Transportemissionsmodell TREMOD, Berlin, 2019. +[(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-a-aviation/view; Copenhagen, 2019.)] 
-: 4 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-a-aviation/view; Copenhagen, 2019. +[(EUROCONTROL2020> Eurocontrol (2020): Advanced emission model (AEM); https://www.eurocontrol.int/model/advanced-emission-model; 2020.)]
-: 5 : Eurocontrol (2019): Advanced emission model (AEM); https://www.eurocontrol.int/model/advanced-emission-model; 2019 +
-[[/bibliography]]+