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1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation: Cruise

Short description

Category Code Method AD EF
1.A.3.a ii (ii) T1, T2, T3 NS, M CS, D, M
Key Category SO₂ NOₓ NH₃ NMVOC CO BC Pb Hg Cd Diox PAH HCB TSP PM₁₀ PM₂.₅
1.A.3.a ii (ii) not included in key category analysis

In NFR category 1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation: Cruise emissions from domestic flights between German airports during cruise stage (above 3,000 feet of altitude) are reported.

In the following, information on sub-category specific activity data, (implied) emission factors and emission estimates are provided.

Methodology

Actitvity Data

Specific fuel consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the superordinate chapter.

Table 1: annual jet kerosene & avgas consumption during cruise-stage, in terajoules

1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Kerosene 21.690 19.937 25.301 24.071 24.736 25.337 25.111 24.048 22.503 20.552 21.026 19.762 19.038 19.195 20.067 20.793 21.067 21.573
Avgas 1.580 614 614 291 260 228 259 244 237 283 246 199 180 233 145 142 116 72

source: Knörr et al. (2020c) 1) & Gores (2020) 2)

Emission factors

All country specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 3) and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV 4).

For more information, please see the superordinate chapter on civil aviation.

Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ

1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
JET KEROSENE
NH3 3,98 3,95 3,95 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97
NMVOC 14,4 16,0 16,6 18,9 19,9 20,4 20,6 20,3 19,9 19,9 20,2 21,7 22,7 22,0 17,7 18,1 17,7 19,2
NOx 337 375 348 340 341 347 358 368 374 376 381 383 381 386 397 400 396 390
SOx 19,7 19,5 19,5 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6
BC 1,82 2,15 2,00 2,20 2,28 2,23 1,98 1,97 2,02 2,00 2,02 2,02 1,95 2,05 1,95 1,99 2,18 2,26
PM 3,80 4,48 4,16 4,58 4,75 4,65 4,13 4,11 4,22 4,17 4,20 4,21 4,07 4,27 4,06 4,15 4,54 4,71
CO 147 149 186 203 203 203 204 202 197 197 201 212 219 214 154 151 152 155
AVGAS
NH3 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE
NMVOC 549 559 545 551 550 548 549 551 548 558 557 557 556 555 557 552 561 579
NOx 132 134 130 132 131 130 131 131 130 134 133 134 133 132 133 130 135 143
SOx 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46
BC 0,42 0,42 0,42 0,42 0,42 0,42 0,42 0,42 0,42 0,42 0,42 0,42 0,42 0,42 0,42 0,43 0,42 0,42
PM 2,78 2,81 2,78 2,80 2,80 2,81 2,80 2,81 2,81 2,82 2,83 2,82 2,83 2,83 2,82 2,85 2,83 2,80
TSP 17,9 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0
CO 21184 21581 21324 21543 21663 21780 21630 21761 21850 21864 21979 21921 22002 22097 21979 22459 21962 21025

1 EF(TSP) also applied for PM10 and PM2.5 (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM2.5)
2 estimated via a f-BC of 0.48 as provided in 5), Chapter: 1.A.3.a, 1.A.5.b Aviation, page 49: “Conclusion”.

For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included.

For information on the emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources.

Trend discussion for Key Sources

NFR 1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation - Cruise is not included in the national emission totals and hence not included in the key category analysis.

Recalculations

Activity data have been revised for all years within TREMOD AV to keep in line with information available from Eurocontrol's AEM model 6).

Furthermore, for the first time, the use of aviation gasoline (avgas) for international flights has been estimated. These amounts have been re-allocated from NFR 1.A.3.a ii (i), where 100% of avgas consumption has been allocated so far.

Table 3: Revised annual fuel consumption in 1.A.3.a ii (ii), in terajoules

1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
JET KEROSENE
Submission 2021 21.690 19.937 25.301 24.071 24.736 25.337 25.111 24.048 22.503 20.552 21.026 19.762 19.038 19.195 20.067 20.793 21.067
Submission 2020 20.024 20.875 22.967 21.565 22.122 22.904 23.145 21.771 21.579 21.776 20.673 18.717 19.614 19.730 19.746 19.074 19.178
absolute change 1.667 -938 2.334 2.505 2.615 2.433 1.966 2.277 923 -1.224 354 1.045 -576 -535 321 1.719 1.888
relative change 8,32% -4,49% 10,16% 11,62% 11,82% 10,62% 8,49% 10,46% 4,28% -5,62% 1,71% 5,58% -2,94% -2,71% 1,63% 9,01% 9,85%
AVGAS
Submission 2021 1.580 614 614 291 260 228 259 244 237 283 246 199 180 233 145 142 116
Submission 2020 IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE
absolute change 1.580 614 614 291 260 228 259 244 237 283 246 199 180 233 145 142 116

In parallel, the majority of country-specific emission factors has been revised within TREMOD AV based on information available from Eurocontrol's AEM model 7).

For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter 8.1 - Recalculations.

Uncertainties

For uncertainties information, please see the main chapter on civil aviation.

Planned improvements

For information on planned improvements, please see the main chapter on civil aviation.

1), 4) Knörr et al. (2020c): Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S.: TREMOD Aviation (TREMOD AV) 2018 - Revision des Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV). Heidelberg, Berlin: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH & Öko-Institut e.V., Berlin & Heidelberg, 2020.
2) Gores (2020): Inventartool zum deutschen Flugverkehrsinventar 1990-2018, im Rahmen der Aktualisierung des Moduls TREMOD-AV im Transportemissionsmodell TREMOD, Berlin, 2020.
3) Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/entwicklung-eines-modells-zur-berechnung; Berlin & Heidelberg, 2012.
5) EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-a-aviation/view; Copenhagen, 2019.
6), 7) Eurocontrol (2020): Advanced emission model (AEM); https://www.eurocontrol.int/model/advanced-emission-model; 2020.