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| sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:domestic_civil_aviation_-_lto [2021/01/18 21:01] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:domestic_civil_aviation_-_lto [2021/12/15 20:00] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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| In NFR category //1.A.3.a ii (i) - Domestic Civil Aviation: LTO// emissions from domestic flights between German airports occuring during LTO stage (Landing/ | In NFR category //1.A.3.a ii (i) - Domestic Civil Aviation: LTO// emissions from domestic flights between German airports occuring during LTO stage (Landing/ | ||
| - | ^ Method | + | ^ Category Code |
| - | | T1, T2, T3 | NS, M | CS, D, M | //no key category// | | + | | 1.A.3.a ii(i) |
| + | ^ Key Category | ||
| + | | 1.A.3.a ii(i) | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | - | ||
| {{page> | {{page> | ||
| Line 14: | Line 16: | ||
| ===== Methodology ===== | ===== Methodology ===== | ||
| - | === Actitvity Data === | + | ==== Actitvity Data ==== |
| - | Specific jet kerosene consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the [[sector: | + | Specific jet kerosene consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the superordinate chapter. |
| __Table 1: Percentual annual fuel consumption during LTO-stage of domestic flights__ | __Table 1: Percentual annual fuel consumption during LTO-stage of domestic flights__ | ||
| | | **1990** | | | **1990** | ||
| - | ^ Jet Kerosene | + | ^ Jet Kerosene |
| - | ^ Aviation Gasoline | + | ^ Aviation Gasoline |
| - | source: Knörr et al. (2019c) [((bibcite 2))] &: Gores (2019) [((bibcite 3))] | + | source: Knörr et al. (2020c) [(KNOERR2020c)] &: Gores (2020) [(GORES2020)] |
| As explained above, the use of aviation gasoline is - due to a lack of further information - assumed to entirely take place within the LTO-range. | As explained above, the use of aviation gasoline is - due to a lack of further information - assumed to entirely take place within the LTO-range. | ||
| __Table 2: annual LTO fuel consumption for domestic flights, in terajoule__ | __Table 2: annual LTO fuel consumption for domestic flights, in terajoule__ | ||
| - | | | **1990** | + | | |
| - | ^ Jet Kerosene | + | ^ Jet Kerosene |
| - | ^ Aviation Gasoline | + | ^ Aviation Gasoline |
| - | source: Knörr et al. (2019c) [((bibcite 2))] &: Gores (2019) [((bibcite 3))] | + | | **∑ 1.A.3.a ii (i)** ^ 9,748 ^ 8,649 ^ |
| + | source: Knörr et al. (2020c) [(KNOERR2020c)] &: Gores (2020) [(GORES2020)] | ||
| - | [[gallery size=" | + | {{ :sector: |
| - | : 1A3aii(i)_AD.png | + | |
| - | [[/ | + | |
| - | == Emission factors == | + | ==== Emission factors |
| - | All country-specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 (Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010)) [((bibcite 1))] and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV [((bibcite 2))]. | + | All country-specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 (Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010)) [(KNOERR2012)] and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV [(KNOERR2020c)]. |
| - | Furthermore, | + | Furthermore, |
| - | For more details, please see [[sector: | + | For more details, please see the superordinate chapter on civil aviation. |
| __Table 3: Country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ | __Table 3: Country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ | ||
| - | | | + | | | **1990** |
| - | | **JET KEROSENE** | + | | **JET KEROSENE** |
| - | ^ NH< | + | ^ NH< |
| - | ^ NMVOC | + | ^ NMVOC | 28,4 | 28,9 | 30,5 | 32,4 | 33,9 | 34,4 | 34,7 | 33,2 | 32,3 | 31,9 | 32,0 | 34,9 | 37,0 | 36,9 | 36,5 | 38,3 | 39,1 | 43,2 | |
| - | ^ NO< | + | ^ NO< |
| - | ^ SO< | + | ^ SO< |
| - | ^ BC< | + | ^ BC< |
| - | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
| - | ^ CO | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | ^ CO |
| - | | **AVIATION GASOLINE** | + | | **AVIATION GASOLINE** |
| - | ^ NH< | + | ^ NH< |
| - | ^ NMVOC | + | ^ NMVOC | |
| - | ^ NO< | + | ^ NO< |
| - | ^ SO< | + | ^ SO< |
| - | ^ BC< | + | ^ BC< |
| - | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
| - | ^ TSP< | + | ^ TSP< |
| - | ^ CO | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | ^ CO |
| - | < | + | < |
| - | < | + | < |
| < | < | ||
| Line 71: | Line 72: | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| + | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
| + | For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | __Table 4: Tier1 emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions__ | + | ===== Trend discussion for Key Sources |
| - | || ||= **Pb** ||= **Cd** ||= **Hg** ||= **As** ||= **Cr** ||= **Cu** ||= **Ni** ||= **Se** ||= **Zn** ||= **B[a]P** ||= **B[b]F** ||= **B[k]F** ||= **I[...]p** ||= **PAH 1-4** ||= **PCDD/F** ||= | + | |
| - | ||= ||||||||||||||||||= [g/ | + | |
| - | ||~ Kerosene ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||> | + | |
| - | ||~ Aviation gasoline ||> | + | |
| - | ^^1^^ calculated from the average lead content of AvGas 100 LL (low-lead) of 0.56 g Pb/liter | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | + __Trend discussion for Key Sources__ | + | |
| - | > NFR 1.A.3.a ii (i) - Domestic Civil Aviation - LTO is **no key source**. | + | <WRAP center round info 60%> |
| + | NFR sub-category | ||
| + | </ | ||
| Where **sulphur oxides** emissions are dominated by jet kerosene due to the amount of fuel used, the majority of **carbon monoxide** stems from the consumption of avgas given the much higher emission factor applied to this fuel. | Where **sulphur oxides** emissions are dominated by jet kerosene due to the amount of fuel used, the majority of **carbon monoxide** stems from the consumption of avgas given the much higher emission factor applied to this fuel. | ||
| - | [[gallery size=" | + | {{ :sector: |
| - | : 1A3aii(i)_SOx.png | + | {{ :sector: |
| - | : 1A3aii(i)_CO.png | + | |
| - | [[/ | + | |
| **Lead** emissions on the other hand, with no emission factor available for jet kerosene, are only calculated for avgas. | **Lead** emissions on the other hand, with no emission factor available for jet kerosene, are only calculated for avgas. | ||
| - | [[gallery size=" | + | {{ :sector: |
| - | : 1A3aii(i)_Pb.png | + | |
| - | [[/ | + | |
| ===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
| Line 100: | Line 95: | ||
| **Activity data** | **Activity data** | ||
| - | In order to keep in line with the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2019 and the regularly updated data sets provided to the EEA by Eurocontrol, | + | In order to keep in line with the regularly updated data sets provided to the EEA by Eurocontrol, |
| + | |||
| + | Furthermore, | ||
| Resulting from this revision, the percentual shares of kerosene consumed during LTO within TREMOD AV have been recalculated as shown in Table 4. | Resulting from this revision, the percentual shares of kerosene consumed during LTO within TREMOD AV have been recalculated as shown in Table 4. | ||
| __Table 4: Revised percentual share of kerosene consumed during L/TO for domestic flights, in %__ | __Table 4: Revised percentual share of kerosene consumed during L/TO for domestic flights, in %__ | ||
| - | || ||= **1990** ||= **1995** ||= **2000** ||= **2005** ||= **2006** ||= **2007** ||= **2008** ||= **2009** ||= **2010** ||= **2011** ||= **2012** ||= **2013** ||= **2014** ||= **2015** ||= **2016** ||= **2017** ||= | + | | | **1990** |
| - | ||~ Submission | + | ^ Submission |
| - | ||~ Submission | + | ^ Submission |
| - | ||~ absolute change ||> | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ||~ relative change ||> 0.05% ||> -6.26% ||> -12.9% ||> -10.6% ||> -10.9% ||> -9.1% ||> -10.1% ||> -13.7% ||> -13.6% ||> -13.1% ||> -9.88% ||> -7.74% ||> -6.17% ||> -10.8% ||> -9.76% ||> -6.54% ||= | + | ^ relative change |
| Hence, the amount of kerosene allocated to sub-category 1.A.3.a ii (i) had to be revised accordingly: | Hence, the amount of kerosene allocated to sub-category 1.A.3.a ii (i) had to be revised accordingly: | ||
| __Table 5: Revised fuel consumption data, in terajoule__ | __Table 5: Revised fuel consumption data, in terajoule__ | ||
| - | || ||= **1990** ||= **1995** ||= **2000** ||= **2005** ||= **2006** ||= **2007** ||= **2008** ||= **2009** ||= **2010** ||= **2011** ||= **2012** ||= **2013** ||= **2014** ||= **2015** ||= **2016** ||= **2017** ||= | + | | |
| - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| **Jet kerosene** || | + | | **JET KEROSENE** |
| - | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> 8,777 ||> 8,734 ||> 8,962 ||> 8,276 ||> 8,455 ||> 8,631 ||> 8,728 ||> 8,212 ||> 8,284 ||> 8,390 ||> 8,084 ||> 7,278 ||> 7,492 ||> 7,609 ||> 7,758 ||> 7,568 ||= | + | ^ Submission 2021 | |
| - | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | ^ Submission 2020 |
| - | ||~ absolute change ||> | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ||~ relative change ||> 0.05% ||> -6.26% ||> -12.9% ||> -10.6% ||> -10.9% ||> -9.1% ||> -10.1% ||> -13.7% ||> | + | ^ relative change |
| - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| **Aviation gasoline** || | + | | **AVIATION GASOLINE** |
| - | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> 2,438 ||> 1,142 ||> 1,120 ||> 698 ||> 653 ||> 611 ||> 638 ||> 594 ||> 568 ||> 614 ||> 558 ||> 496 ||> 472 ||> 553 ||> 407 ||> | + | ^ Submission 2021 | |
| - | ||~ Submission | + | ^ Submission |
| - | ||~ absolute change ||> 0.00 ||> 0.00 ||> 0.00 ||> 0.00 ||> 0.00 ||> 0.00 ||> 0.00 ||> 0.00 ||> 0.00 ||> | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ||~ relative change ||> 0.00% ||> 0.00% ||> 0.00% ||> 0.00% ||> 0.00% ||> 0.00% ||> 0.00% ||> 0.00% ||> 0.00% ||> 0.00% ||> 0.00% ||> 0.00% ||> 0.00% ||> 0.00% ||> 0.00% ||> 0.00% ||= | + | ^ relative change |
| - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| **Total fuel consumption** || | + | | **TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION** |
| - | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> 11,215 ||> 9,876 ||> 10,082 ||> 8,974 ||> 9,108 ||> 9,242 ||> 9,366 ||> 8,806 ||> 8,852 ||> 9,004 ||> 8,642 ||> 7,774 ||> 7,964 ||> 8,162 ||> 8,165 ||> 7,971 ||= | + | ^ Submission 2021 | |
| - | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | ^ Submission 2020 |
| - | ||~ absolute change ||> | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ||~ relative change ||> | + | ^ relative change |
| - | In parallel, the majority of **country-specific emission factors** | + | In parallel, the majority of **country-specific emission factors** |
| - | Here, among others, the EF for SO,,2,, from jet kerosene has been replaced by new and more reliable data showing no sulphur reduction since 1990. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Furthermore, | + | |
| __Table 6: Revised country-specific emission factors for jet kerosene, in [kg/TJ]__ | __Table 6: Revised country-specific emission factors for jet kerosene, in [kg/TJ]__ | ||
| - | || ||= **1990** ||= **1995** ||= **2000** ||= **2005** ||= **2006** ||= **2007** ||= **2008** ||= **2009** ||= **2010** ||= **2011** ||= **2012** ||= **2013** ||= **2014** ||= **2015** ||= **2016** ||= **2017** ||= | + | | | **1990** |
| - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | | **AMMONIA** |
| - | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> 29.1 ||> 30.2 ||> 30.5 ||> 32.4 ||> 33.9 ||> 34.7 ||> 35.1 ||> 33.9 ||> 33.4 ||> 33.2 ||> 33.5 ||> 36.8 ||> 37.7 ||> 38.8 ||> 39.0 ||> | + | ^ Submission 2021 |
| - | ||~ Submission | + | ^ Submission |
| - | ||~ absolute change ||> 9.42 ||> 10.14 ||> 12.13 ||> 11.82 ||> 11.67 ||> 11.91 ||> 12.90 ||> 14.22 ||> | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ||~ relative change ||> 47.7% ||> 50.7% ||> 66.0% ||> 57.3% ||> 52.6% ||> 52.3% ||> 58.2% ||> 72.2% ||> 87.2% ||> 75.4% ||> 69.4% ||> 64.2% ||> 62.4% ||> 99.9% ||> 93.3% ||> 83.5% ||= | + | ^ relative change |
| - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | | **NON-METHANE VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPUNDS - NMVOC** |
| - | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> 290 ||> 319 ||> 276 ||> 262 ||> 258 ||> 261 ||> 272 ||> 283 ||> 289 ||> 293 ||> 295 ||> 290 ||> 299 ||> 296 ||> 306 ||> | + | ^ Submission 2021 |
| - | ||~ Submission | + | ^ Submission |
| - | ||~ absolute change ||> -10.92 ||> | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ||~ relative change ||> -3.63% ||> -3.93% ||> -8.10% ||> -8.47% ||> -9.38% ||> -9.65% ||> -9.01% ||> -8.46% ||> -8.49% ||> -7.93% ||> -8.71% ||> -10.26% ||> -6.89% ||> -9.34% ||> -7.89% ||> | + | ^ relative change |
| - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | | **NITROGEN OXIDES** |
| - | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> 19.7 ||> 19.5 ||> 19.5 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> | + | ^ Submission 2021 |
| - | ||~ Submission | + | ^ Submission |
| - | ||~ absolute change ||> | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ||~ relative change ||> -21.7% ||> 28.2% ||> 131% ||> 209% ||> 232% ||> 257% ||> 287% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||= | + | ^ relative change |
| - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | | **BLACK CARBON - BC** |
| - | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> 1.21 ||> 1.20 ||> 1.21 ||> 1.22 ||> 1.22 ||> 1.22 ||> 1.22 ||> 1.22 ||> 1.22 ||> 1.22 ||> 1.22 ||> 1.22 ||> 1.22 ||> 1.22 ||> 1.22 ||> 1.22 ||= | + | ^ Submission 2021 |
| - | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | ^ Submission 2020 | |
| - | ||~ absolute change ||> | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ||~ relative change ||> 27.76% ||> 27.11% ||> 27.54% ||> 28.52% ||> 28.53% ||> 28.58% ||> 28.67% ||> 28.75% ||> 28.57% ||> 28.56% ||> 28.68% ||> 28.94% ||> 28.96% ||> 28.95% ||> 28.90% ||> 28.94% ||= | + | ^ relative change |
| - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | | **PARTICULATE MATTER - PM** |
| - | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> 2.52 ||> 2.51 ||> 2.52 ||> 2.54 ||> 2.54 ||> 2.54 ||> 2.54 ||> 2.54 ||> 2.54 ||> 2.54 ||> 2.54 ||> 2.54 ||> 2.54 ||> 2.54 ||> 2.54 ||> 2.54 ||= | + | ^ Submission 2021 |
| - | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | ^ Submission 2020 | |
| - | ||~ absolute change ||> 0.55 ||> 0.53 ||> 0.54 ||> 0.56 ||> 0.56 ||> 0.56 ||> 0.57 ||> 0.57 ||> 0.56 ||> 0.56 ||> 0.57 ||> 0.57 ||> 0.57 ||> 0.57 ||> 0.57 ||> 0.57 ||= | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ||~ relative change ||> 27.76% ||> 27.1% ||> 27.54% ||> 28.5% ||> 28.5% ||> 28.6% ||> 28.67% ||> 28.75% ||> 28.57% ||> 28.56% ||> 28.68% ||> 28.94% ||> 28.96% ||> 28.95% ||> 28.90% ||> 28.94% ||= | + | ^ relative change |
| - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | | **CARBON MONOXIDE - CO** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> 203 ||> 201 ||> 254 ||> 262 ||> 260 ||> 255 ||> 250 ||> 240 ||> 240 ||> 234 ||> 232 ||> 238 ||> 241 ||> 246 ||> 238 ||> 238 ||= | + | ^ Submission 2021 |
| - | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | ^ Submission 2020 | 203 | 201 | 254 | 262 | 260 | 255 | 250 | 240 | 240 | 234 | 232 | 238 | 241 | 246 | 238 | 238 | |
| - | ||~ absolute change ||> | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ||~ relative change ||> | + | ^ relative |
| - | + | ||
| - | Furthermore, all country-specific emission factorsapplied for aviation gasoline have been revised widely based on better knowlegde but with no significant impact on the emission inventory. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | __Table 7: Revised country-specific emission factors for aviation gasoline, in [kg/ | + | |
| - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | |
| - | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> | + | |
| - | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | |
| - | ||~ absolute change ||> | + | |
| - | ||~ relative change ||> | + | |
| - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | |
| - | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> | + | |
| - | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | |
| - | ||~ absolute change ||> | + | |
| - | ||~ relative change ||> | + | |
| - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | |
| - | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> | + | |
| - | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | |
| - | ||~ absolute change ||> | + | |
| - | ||~ relative change ||> | + | |
| - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | |
| - | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> | + | |
| - | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | |
| - | ||~ absolute change ||> | + | |
| - | ||~ relative change ||> | + | |
| - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | |
| - | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> | + | |
| - | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | |
| - | ||~ absolute change ||> | + | |
| - | ||~ relative change ||> | + | |
| - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | |
| - | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> | + | |
| - | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | |
| - | ||~ absolute | + | |
| - | ||~ relative change ||> | + | |
| <WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
| - | For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general: | + | For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general: |
| </ | </ | ||
| ===== Uncertainties ===== | ===== Uncertainties ===== | ||
| - | For uncertainties information, | + | For uncertainties information, |
| ===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
| - | For information on planned improvements, | + | For information on planned improvements, |
| - | + | ||
| - | ===== FAQs ===== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | **//Why are emissions from aviation gasoline reported using a Tier 1 approach whereas for jet kerosene Tier 2a has been applied?// | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | For reporting emissions from the cosumption of jet kerosene, the party uses an annual split factor provided by Eurocontrol to devide the total amount of kerosene used (from Energy Balances & Official oil data for the Federal Republic of Germany) onto national and international civil aviation. For aviation gasoline, such split factor does not exist. - Furthermore, | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | **//On which basis does the party estimate the reported lead emissions from aviation gasoline?// | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | assumption by party: aviation gasoline = AvGas 100 LL | + | |
| - | (AvGas 100 LL is the predominant sort of aviation gasoline in Western Europe)[[footnote]] https:// | + | |
| - | lead content of AvGas 100 LL: 0.56 g lead/liter (as tetra ethyl lead)[[footnote]] EMEP/EEA GB 2016: "Thus, general emission factors for the stationary combustion of kerosene and the combustion of gasoline in cars may be applied. The only exception is lead. Lead is added to aviation gasoline to increase the octane number. The lead content is higher than in leaded car gasoline, and the maximum permitted levels in the UK are shown below. A value of 0.6 g of lead per litre of gasoline should be used as the default value if there is an absence of more accurate information. Actual data may be obtained from oil companies." | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | The applied procedure is similar to the one used for calculating lead emissions from leaded gasoline used in road transport. (There, in contrast to aviation gasoline, the lead content constantly declined resulting in a ban of leaded gasoline in 1997.) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | **//On which basis does the party estimate the reported TSP emissions from aviation gasoline?// | + | |
| - | The TSP emissions calculated depend directly on the reported lead emissions: The emission factor for TSP is 1.6 times the emission factor used for lead: EF(TSP) = 1.6 x EF(Pb). | ||
| - | The applied procedure is similar to the one used for calculating TSP emissions from leaded gasoline used in road transport. | ||
| - | ------ | ||
| - | [[bibliography]] | + | [(KNOERR2012> |
| - | : 1 : Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https:// | + | [(KNOERR2020c> |
| - | : 2 : Knörr et al. (2019c): Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S.: TREMOD Aviation (TREMOD AV) 2018 - Revision des Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV). Heidelberg, Berlin: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH & Öko-Institut e.V., Berlin & Heidelberg, | + | [(GORES2020> |
| - | : 3 : Gores (2019): Inventartool zum deutschen Flugverkehrsinventar 1990-2018, im Rahmen der Aktualisierung des Moduls TREMOD-AV im Transportemissionsmodell TREMOD, Berlin, | + | [(EMEPEEA2019> |
| - | : 4 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, https:// | + | [(EUROCONTROL2020> |
| - | : 5 : Eurocontrol (2019): Advanced emission model (AEM); https:// | + | |
| - | [[/ | + | |