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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:domestic_civil_aviation_-_lto [2021/03/29 11:14] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:domestic_civil_aviation_-_lto [2021/12/15 20:00] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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==== Actitvity Data ==== | ==== Actitvity Data ==== | ||
- | Specific jet kerosene consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the [[sector: | + | Specific jet kerosene consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the superordinate chapter. |
__Table 1: Percentual annual fuel consumption during LTO-stage of domestic flights__ | __Table 1: Percentual annual fuel consumption during LTO-stage of domestic flights__ | ||
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^ Jet Kerosene | ^ Jet Kerosene | ||
^ Aviation Gasoline | ^ Aviation Gasoline | ||
- | source: Knörr et al. (2019c) [((bibcite 2))] &: Gores (2019) [((bibcite 3))] | + | source: Knörr et al. (2020c) [(KNOERR2020c)] &: Gores (2020) [(GORES2020)] |
As explained above, the use of aviation gasoline is - due to a lack of further information - assumed to entirely take place within the LTO-range. | As explained above, the use of aviation gasoline is - due to a lack of further information - assumed to entirely take place within the LTO-range. | ||
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^ Aviation Gasoline | ^ Aviation Gasoline | ||
| **∑ 1.A.3.a ii (i)** ^ 9,748 ^ 8,649 ^ | | **∑ 1.A.3.a ii (i)** ^ 9,748 ^ 8,649 ^ | ||
- | source: Knörr et al. (2019c) [((bibcite 2))] &: Gores (2019) [((bibcite 3))] | + | source: Knörr et al. (2020c) [(KNOERR2020c)] &: Gores (2020) [(GORES2020)] |
{{ : | {{ : | ||
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==== Emission factors ==== | ==== Emission factors ==== | ||
- | All country-specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 (Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010)) [((bibcite 1))] and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV [((bibcite 2))]. | + | All country-specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 (Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010)) [(KNOERR2012)] and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV [(KNOERR2020c)]. |
- | Furthermore, | + | Furthermore, |
- | For more details, please see [[sector: | + | For more details, please see the superordinate chapter on civil aviation. |
__Table 3: Country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ | __Table 3: Country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ | ||
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^ CO | ^ CO | ||
| **AVIATION GASOLINE** | | **AVIATION GASOLINE** | ||
- | ^ NH< | + | ^ NH< |
- | ^ NMVOC | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | ^ NMVOC | |
- | ^ NO< | + | ^ NO< |
- | ^ SO< | + | ^ SO< |
- | ^ BC< | + | ^ BC< |
- | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | ^ TSP< | + | ^ TSP< |
- | ^ CO | + | ^ CO |
- | < | + | < |
- | < | + | < |
< | < | ||
Line 72: | Line 72: | ||
</ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
+ | For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | __Table 4: Tier1 emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions__ | + | ===== Trend discussion for Key Sources |
- | || ||= **Pb** ||= **Cd** ||= **Hg** ||= **As** ||= **Cr** ||= **Cu** ||= **Ni** ||= **Se** ||= **Zn** ||= **B[a]P** ||= **B[b]F** ||= **B[k]F** ||= **I[...]p** ||= **PAH 1-4** ||= **PCDD/F** ||= | + | |
- | ||= ||||||||||||||||||= [g/ | + | |
- | ||~ Kerosene ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||> | + | |
- | ||~ Aviation gasoline ||> | + | |
- | ^^1^^ calculated from the average lead content of AvGas 100 LL (low-lead) of 0.56 g Pb/liter | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + __Trend discussion for Key Sources__ | + | |
- | > NFR 1.A.3.a ii (i) - Domestic Civil Aviation - LTO is **no key source**. | + | <WRAP center round info 60%> |
+ | NFR sub-category | ||
+ | </ | ||
Where **sulphur oxides** emissions are dominated by jet kerosene due to the amount of fuel used, the majority of **carbon monoxide** stems from the consumption of avgas given the much higher emission factor applied to this fuel. | Where **sulphur oxides** emissions are dominated by jet kerosene due to the amount of fuel used, the majority of **carbon monoxide** stems from the consumption of avgas given the much higher emission factor applied to this fuel. | ||
- | [[gallery size=" | + | {{ :sector: |
- | : 1A3aii(i)_SOx.png | + | {{ :sector: |
- | : 1A3aii(i)_CO.png | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
**Lead** emissions on the other hand, with no emission factor available for jet kerosene, are only calculated for avgas. | **Lead** emissions on the other hand, with no emission factor available for jet kerosene, are only calculated for avgas. | ||
- | [[gallery size=" | + | {{ :sector: |
- | : 1A3aii(i)_Pb.png | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
Line 108: | Line 102: | ||
__Table 4: Revised percentual share of kerosene consumed during L/TO for domestic flights, in %__ | __Table 4: Revised percentual share of kerosene consumed during L/TO for domestic flights, in %__ | ||
- | | | **1990** | + | | | **1990** |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | 30,2 | 29,4 | 27,9 | 27,6 | 27,5 | 27,3 | 27,3 | 27,3 | 27,6 | 27,7 | 28,0 | 27,9 | 27,7 | 27,7 | 28,1 | 28,3 | 28,4 | | + | ^ Submission 2021 | 30,2 | 29,4 | 27,9 | 27,6 | 27,5 | 27,3 | 27,3 | 27,3 | 27,6 | 27,7 | 28,0 | 27,9 | 27,7 | 27,7 | 28,1 | 28,3 | |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | 30,5 | 29,5 | 28,1 | 27,7 | 27,7 | 27,4 | 27,4 | 27,4 | 27,7 | 27,8 | 28,1 | 28,0 | 27,6 | 27,8 | 28,2 | 28,4 | 28,5 | | + | ^ Submission 2020 | 30,5 | 29,5 | 28,1 | 27,7 | 27,7 | 27,4 | 27,4 | 27,4 | 27,7 | 27,8 | 28,1 | 28,0 | 27,6 | 27,8 | 28,2 | 28,4 | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
Hence, the amount of kerosene allocated to sub-category 1.A.3.a ii (i) had to be revised accordingly: | Hence, the amount of kerosene allocated to sub-category 1.A.3.a ii (i) had to be revised accordingly: | ||
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^ relative change | ^ relative change | ||
- | In parallel, the majority of **country-specific emission factors** | + | In parallel, the majority of **country-specific emission factors** |
- | Here, among others, the EF for SO,,2,, from jet kerosene has been replaced by new and more reliable data showing no sulphur reduction since 1990. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Furthermore, | + | |
__Table 6: Revised country-specific emission factors for jet kerosene, in [kg/TJ]__ | __Table 6: Revised country-specific emission factors for jet kerosene, in [kg/TJ]__ | ||
- | | | + | | | **1990** |
+ | | **AMMONIA** | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2021 | 3,98 | 3,95 | 3,95 | 3,97 | 3,97 | 3,97 | 3,97 | 3,97 | 3,97 | 3,97 | 3,97 | 3,97 | 3,97 | 3,97 | 3,97 | 3,97 | 3,97 | | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2020 | 4,00 | 4,00 | 4,00 | 4,00 | 4,00 | 4,00 | 4,00 | 4,00 | 4,00 | 4,00 | 4,00 | 4,00 | 4,00 | 4,00 | 4,00 | 4,00 | 4,00 | | ||
+ | ^ absolute change | ||
+ | ^ relative change | ||
| **NON-METHANE VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPUNDS - NMVOC** | | **NON-METHANE VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPUNDS - NMVOC** | ||
- | ^ Submission 2021 | + | ^ Submission 2021 | 28,4 | 28,9 | 30,5 | 32,4 | 33,9 | 34,4 | 34,7 | 33,2 | 32,3 | 31,9 | 32,0 | 34,9 | 37,0 | 36,9 | 36,5 | 38,3 | |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | + | ^ Submission 2020 | 29,1 | 30,2 | 30,5 | 32,4 | 33,9 | 34,7 | 35,1 | 33,9 | 33,4 | 33,2 | 33,5 | 36,8 | 37,7 | 38,8 | 39,0 | 40,9 | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
- | | **NITROGEN OXIDES** | + | | **NITROGEN OXIDES** |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | + | ^ Submission 2021 | |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | + | ^ Submission 2020 | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
- | | **SULPHUR OXIDES** |||||||||||||||||| | + | | **BLACK CARBON - BC** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | ^ Submission |
- | ^ Submission | + | ^ Submission 2020 |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute |
- | ^ relative | + | ^ relative change |
- | | **BLACK CARBON - BC** | + | | **PARTICULATE MATTER - PM** |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | ^ Submission 2021 |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | | + | ^ Submission |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative |
- | | **PARTICULATE MATTER - PM** | + | | **CARBON MONOXIDE - CO** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
- | ^ Submission | + | ^ Submission 2021 | |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | ^ Submission 2020 | |
- | ^ absolute | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
- | | **CARBON MONOXIDE - CO** | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | + | <WRAP center round info 60%> |
- | ^ absolute change | + | For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general: |
- | ^ relative change | + | </ |
+ | |||
+ | ===== Uncertainties ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | For uncertainties information, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | For information on planned improvements, | ||
- | The TSP emissions calculated depend directly on the reported lead emissions: The emission factor for TSP is 1.6 times the emission factor used for lead: EF(TSP) = 1.6 x EF(Pb). | ||
- | The applied procedure is similar to the one used for calculating TSP emissions from leaded gasoline used in road transport. | ||
- | ------ | ||
- | [[bibliography]] | + | [(KNOERR2012> |
- | : 1 : Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https:// | + | [(KNOERR2020c> |
- | : 2 : Knörr et al. (2019c): Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S.: TREMOD Aviation (TREMOD AV) 2018 - Revision des Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV). Heidelberg, Berlin: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH & Öko-Institut e.V., Berlin & Heidelberg, | + | [(GORES2020> |
- | : 3 : Gores (2019): Inventartool zum deutschen Flugverkehrsinventar 1990-2018, im Rahmen der Aktualisierung des Moduls TREMOD-AV im Transportemissionsmodell TREMOD, Berlin, | + | [(EMEPEEA2019> |
- | : 4 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, https:// | + | [(EUROCONTROL2020> |
- | : 5 : Eurocontrol (2019): Advanced emission model (AEM); https:// | + | |
- | [[/ | + |