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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:start [2021/04/08 09:02] – kotzullasector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:start [2021/12/15 20:00] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 ==== Activity Data ==== ==== Activity Data ====
  
-Emissions estimation is mainly based on consumption data for jet kerosene and aviation gasoline as provided in the national Energy Balances (AGEB, 2020) [(AGEB2020)]. For very recent years with no AGEB data available (Normally the last year of the period reported.) data provided by the Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA) is being used.+Emissions estimation is mainly based on consumption data for jet kerosene and aviation gasoline as provided in the national Energy Balances (AGEB, 2020) [(AGEB2020)]. For very recent years with no AGEB data available (Normally the last year of the period reported.) data provided by the Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA) [(BAFA2020)] is being used.
  
 Table 1: Sources for 1.A.3.a activity data Table 1: Sources for 1.A.3.a activity data
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 Within the IPCC EF data base, there are no default data provided for emissions of particulate matter (TSP, PM<sub>10</sub>, and PM<sub>2.5</sub>). Therefore, the EF for dust (**T**otal **S**uspended **P**articulate Matter – **TSP**) are taken over from Corinair (2006) [(CORINAIR2006)], giving specific values for an average fleet and for the two flight stages in table 8.2: For national flights 0.7 kg TSP/LTO and 0.2 kg TSP/t kerosene and 0.15 kg TSP/LTO and 0.2 kg TSP/t kerosene for international flights. Following this table, a kerosene consumption per LTO cycle of 825 kg for national and 1,617 kg for international flights have been assumed and the EF for the LTO stage have been estimated. Within the IPCC EF data base, there are no default data provided for emissions of particulate matter (TSP, PM<sub>10</sub>, and PM<sub>2.5</sub>). Therefore, the EF for dust (**T**otal **S**uspended **P**articulate Matter – **TSP**) are taken over from Corinair (2006) [(CORINAIR2006)], giving specific values for an average fleet and for the two flight stages in table 8.2: For national flights 0.7 kg TSP/LTO and 0.2 kg TSP/t kerosene and 0.15 kg TSP/LTO and 0.2 kg TSP/t kerosene for international flights. Following this table, a kerosene consumption per LTO cycle of 825 kg for national and 1,617 kg for international flights have been assumed and the EF for the LTO stage have been estimated.
  
-The EF for **water vapor (H<sub>2</sub>O)** provided by Eurocontrol (2004) is about 1,230g H<sub>2</sub>O / kg kerosene, whereas in Corinair (2006) [(CORINAIR2006)] 1,237g H<sub>2</sub>O /kg is assumed. Based on the stoichiometric assumptions mentioned above a EF(CO<sub>2</sub>) of 1.24 kg H,,2,,O/kg can be derived. To reduce the number of sources for EF, here, the Corinair value has been used for both flight stages and for both national and international flights.+The EF for **water vapor (H<sub>2</sub>O)** provided by Eurocontrol (2004) is about 1,230g H<sub>2</sub>O / kg kerosene, whereas in Corinair (2006) [(CORINAIR2006)] 1,237g H<sub>2</sub>O /kg is assumed. Based on the stoichiometric assumptions mentioned above a EF(CO<sub>2</sub>) of 1.24 kg H<sub>2</sub>O/kg can be derived. To reduce the number of sources for EF, here, the Corinair value has been used for both flight stages and for both national and international flights.
  
 As for **polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons** (PAH), tier1 EF from (EMEP/EEA, 2019) [(EMEPEEA2019)] have been apllied here. As the EMEP guidebook does not provide original EF for jet kerosene, values provided for gasoline in road transport have been used here as a proxy and will be replaced by more appropriate data as soon as this is available. As for **polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons** (PAH), tier1 EF from (EMEP/EEA, 2019) [(EMEPEEA2019)] have been apllied here. As the EMEP guidebook does not provide original EF for jet kerosene, values provided for gasoline in road transport have been used here as a proxy and will be replaced by more appropriate data as soon as this is available.
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 > **NOTE:** For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included.   > **NOTE:** For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included.  
  
-> For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, please refer to [[[ appendix2.3-HM-from-mobile-sources | Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources]]] and [[[ appendix2.4-POPs-from-mobile-sources | Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources ]]].+> For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources.
  
 =====Recalculations===== =====Recalculations=====
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 The applied procedure is similar to the one used for calculating TSP emissions from leaded gasoline used in road transport. The applied procedure is similar to the one used for calculating TSP emissions from leaded gasoline used in road transport.
  
 +[(AGEB2020>AGEB, 2020: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; URL: http://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/7-0-Bilanzen-1990-2018.html, (Aufruf: 29.11.2020), Köln & Berlin, 2020.)] 
 +[(BAFA2020>BAFA, 2020: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; 
 +URL: https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2018_dezember.html, Eschborn, 2020.)]
 [(KNOERR2010> Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/entwicklung-eines-modells-zur-berechnung; Berlin & Heidelberg, 2012.)] [(KNOERR2010> Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/entwicklung-eines-modells-zur-berechnung; Berlin & Heidelberg, 2012.)]
 [(KNOERR2020c> Knörr et al. (2020c): Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S.: TREMOD Aviation (TREMOD AV) 2018 - Revision des Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV). Heidelberg, Berlin: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH & Öko-Institut e.V., Berlin & Heidelberg, 2020.)] [(KNOERR2020c> Knörr et al. (2020c): Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S.: TREMOD Aviation (TREMOD AV) 2018 - Revision des Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV). Heidelberg, Berlin: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH & Öko-Institut e.V., Berlin & Heidelberg, 2020.)]
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 [(IPCC2000> IPCC, 2000: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, IPCC Secretariat, 16th Session, Montreal, 1-8 May 2000, URL: http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gp/english/ )] [(IPCC2000> IPCC, 2000: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, IPCC Secretariat, 16th Session, Montreal, 1-8 May 2000, URL: http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gp/english/ )]
 [(EUROCONTROL2006> EUROCONTROL, 2006 – The Advanced Emission Model (AEM3) - Validation Report, Jelinek, F., Carlier, S., Smith, J., EEC Report EEC/SEE/2004/004, Brüssel 2004 URL: http://www.eurocontrol.int/eec/public/standard_page/DOC_Report_2004_016.html http://www.eurocontrol.int/eec/public/standard_page/DOC_Report_2006_030.html )] [(EUROCONTROL2006> EUROCONTROL, 2006 – The Advanced Emission Model (AEM3) - Validation Report, Jelinek, F., Carlier, S., Smith, J., EEC Report EEC/SEE/2004/004, Brüssel 2004 URL: http://www.eurocontrol.int/eec/public/standard_page/DOC_Report_2004_016.html http://www.eurocontrol.int/eec/public/standard_page/DOC_Report_2006_030.html )]
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