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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:navigation:international_maritime_navigation [2021/04/09 13:02] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:navigation:international_maritime_navigation [2021/12/15 20:00] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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^ Category Code | ^ Category Code | ||
| 1.A.3.d i (i) | T1, T2, T3 ||||| NS, M ||||| CS, M ||||| | | 1.A.3.d i (i) | T1, T2, T3 ||||| NS, M ||||| CS, M ||||| | ||
- | ^ Key Category | + | ^ Key Category |
| 1.A.3.d i (i) | //not included in key category analysis// | | 1.A.3.d i (i) | //not included in key category analysis// | ||
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\\ | \\ | ||
- | |||
===== Methodology ===== | ===== Methodology ===== | ||
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==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
- | Primary fuel delivery data (primary activity data, PAD) for // | + | Primary fuel delivery data (primary activity data, PAD) for // |
The AD applied for // | The AD applied for // | ||
| <WRAP left round info 100%> | | <WRAP left round info 100%> | ||
- | |||
- | <WRAP left round info 50%> | ||
- | AD< | ||
- | </ | ||
- | |||
- | \\ | ||
- | \\ | ||
- | \\ | ||
- | |||
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^ Heavy fuel oil | ^ Heavy fuel oil | ||
| **Ʃ 1.A.3.d ii** | | **Ʃ 1.A.3.d ii** | ||
- | source: own estimates based on [(DEICHNIK2020)] | + | source: own estimates based on underlying BSH model (Deichnik, K. (2020)) |
Consumption of heavy oil has been increasing since 1984 as a result of high petroleum prices, global increases in transports and increasing maritime use of diesel engines that can run on heavy oil. The emissions fluctuations that occurred in the navigation sector in 1992 and 1996 were caused by trade and oil crises. | Consumption of heavy oil has been increasing since 1984 as a result of high petroleum prices, global increases in transports and increasing maritime use of diesel engines that can run on heavy oil. The emissions fluctuations that occurred in the navigation sector in 1992 and 1996 were caused by trade and oil crises. | ||
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Furthermore, | Furthermore, | ||
- | === Emission factors === | + | {{ : |
+ | |||
+ | ==== Emission factors | ||
For **main pollutants** and **particulate matter**, modelled emission factors are available from (Deichnik, K. (2020)) [(DEICHNIK2020)]. | For **main pollutants** and **particulate matter**, modelled emission factors are available from (Deichnik, K. (2020)) [(DEICHNIK2020)]. | ||
Here, for **sulphur dioxide** and **particulate matter**, annual values are available representing the impact of fuel sulphur legislation. | Here, for **sulphur dioxide** and **particulate matter**, annual values are available representing the impact of fuel sulphur legislation. | ||
- | In addition, regarding SO,,x,,, the increasing operation of so-called scrubbers in order to fullfil emission limits especially within SECA areas is reflected for heavy fuel oil. | + | In addition, regarding SO< |
__Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ | __Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ | ||
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^ TSP< | ^ TSP< | ||
^ CO | 162 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 167 | 165 | 198 | 167 | 134 | 134 | | ^ CO | 162 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 167 | 165 | 198 | 167 | 134 | 134 | | ||
- | < | + | < |
< | < | ||
- | > **NOTE: | + | <WRAP center round info 100%> |
+ | For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
+ | For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | > For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | ||
===== Discussion of emission trends===== | ===== Discussion of emission trends===== | ||
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Emission trends for unregulated pollutants (such as **NH< | Emission trends for unregulated pollutants (such as **NH< | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ : | ||
On the other hand, the emission trends for **SO< | On the other hand, the emission trends for **SO< | ||
- | ===== Recalculations ===== | + | {{ : |
- | Resulting from changes in the fuel consumption data computed within [(DEICHNIK2020)] for // | + | ===== Recalculations ===== |
- | __Table 3: Revised | + | Resulting from changes in the fuel consumption data computed within [(DEICHNIK2020)] for // |
- | ||= ||= **Diesel oil** ||= **Heavy fuel oil** ||= **over-all consumption** ||= | + | |
- | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> | + | |
- | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> | + | |
- | ||~ relative change ||> | + | |
+ | __Table 3: Revised fuel consumption data 2018, in terajoules__ | ||
+ | | ^ Diesel< | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2021 | | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2020 | | ||
+ | ^ absolute change | ||
+ | ^ relative change | ||
+ | < | ||
In contrast, all country-specific and default **emission factors applied remain unrevised** compared to last year's submission. | In contrast, all country-specific and default **emission factors applied remain unrevised** compared to last year's submission. | ||
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===== Uncertainties ===== | ===== Uncertainties ===== | ||
- | Uncertainty estimates for **activity data** of mobile sources derive from research project FKZ 360 16 023: " | + | Uncertainty estimates for **activity data** of mobile sources derive from research project FKZ 360 16 023: " |
===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== |