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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:navigation:international_maritime_navigation [2021/04/10 08:34] – [Table] kotzullasector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:navigation:international_maritime_navigation [2021/12/15 20:00] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 ^ Heavy fuel oil     |     68.484 |     56.323 |     60.984 |     78.182 |     78.257 |     96.625 |     96.017 |     85.865 |     86.934 |     86.687 |     81.171 |     71.364 |     67.670 |     57.850 |     74.837 |     58.781 |     39.380 |     26.601 | ^ Heavy fuel oil     |     68.484 |     56.323 |     60.984 |     78.182 |     78.257 |     96.625 |     96.017 |     85.865 |     86.934 |     86.687 |     81.171 |     71.364 |     67.670 |     57.850 |     74.837 |     58.781 |     39.380 |     26.601 |
 | **Ʃ 1.A.3.d ii**   ^     81.232 ^     69.242 ^     74.648 ^     90.175 ^     94.074 ^    114.149 ^    109.122 ^    100.277 ^    103.596 ^    102.057 ^     93.765 ^     83.778 ^     81.344 ^     90.938 ^    102.930 ^     81.705 ^     54.592 ^     44.928 ^ | **Ʃ 1.A.3.d ii**   ^     81.232 ^     69.242 ^     74.648 ^     90.175 ^     94.074 ^    114.149 ^    109.122 ^    100.277 ^    103.596 ^    102.057 ^     93.765 ^     83.778 ^     81.344 ^     90.938 ^    102.930 ^     81.705 ^     54.592 ^     44.928 ^
-source: own estimates based on [(DEICHNIK2020)]+source: own estimates based on underlying BSH model (Deichnik, K. (2020)) [(DEICHNIK2020)]
  
 Consumption of heavy oil has been increasing since 1984 as a result of high petroleum prices, global increases in transports and increasing maritime use of diesel engines that can run on heavy oil. The emissions fluctuations that occurred in the navigation sector in 1992 and 1996 were caused by trade and oil crises. Consumption of heavy oil has been increasing since 1984 as a result of high petroleum prices, global increases in transports and increasing maritime use of diesel engines that can run on heavy oil. The emissions fluctuations that occurred in the navigation sector in 1992 and 1996 were caused by trade and oil crises.
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 Furthermore, after 2014, with ever stricter legislation espacially regarding fuel sulphur content, an ongoing shift from heavy fuel oil to maritime diesel oil can be observed. Furthermore, after 2014, with ever stricter legislation espacially regarding fuel sulphur content, an ongoing shift from heavy fuel oil to maritime diesel oil can be observed.
  
-=== Emission factors === +{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:navigation:1a3di_ad.png?700 }} 
 + 
 +==== Emission factors ==== 
  
 For **main pollutants** and **particulate matter**, modelled emission factors are available from (Deichnik, K. (2020)) [(DEICHNIK2020)].  For **main pollutants** and **particulate matter**, modelled emission factors are available from (Deichnik, K. (2020)) [(DEICHNIK2020)]. 
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 <sup>2</sup> ratios PM<sub>2.5</sub> : PM<sub>10</sub> : TSP derived from the tier1 default EF as provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)], chapter: 1.A.3.d.i, 1.A.3.d.ii, 1.A.4.c.iii Navigation, Tables 3-1 & 3-2 <sup>2</sup> ratios PM<sub>2.5</sub> : PM<sub>10</sub> : TSP derived from the tier1 default EF as provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)], chapter: 1.A.3.d.i, 1.A.3.d.ii, 1.A.4.c.iii Navigation, Tables 3-1 & 3-2
  
-> **NOTE:** For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included. +<WRAP center round info 100%> 
 +For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included. 
 +</WRAP>  
 + 
 +<WRAP center round info 100%> 
 +For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and  Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources. 
 +</WRAP>
  
-> For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and  Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources. 
  
 ===== Discussion of emission trends===== ===== Discussion of emission trends=====
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 Emission trends for unregulated pollutants (such as **NH<sub>3</sub>**, **NO<sub>x</sub>**, **NMVOC** and **CO**, all **HM** and **POPs**) with only slight changes in the annual over-all IEFs applied, follow the trends in fuel consumption and the shares of diesel and heavy fuel oil: Emission trends for unregulated pollutants (such as **NH<sub>3</sub>**, **NO<sub>x</sub>**, **NMVOC** and **CO**, all **HM** and **POPs**) with only slight changes in the annual over-all IEFs applied, follow the trends in fuel consumption and the shares of diesel and heavy fuel oil:
 +
 +{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:navigation:1a3di_em_nox.png?700 }}
  
 On the other hand, the emission trends for **SO<sub>x</sub>** and **PM**, both depending on the fuel's sulphur content, follow not only the trends in fuel consumption but do also reflect fuel-sulphur legislation: On the other hand, the emission trends for **SO<sub>x</sub>** and **PM**, both depending on the fuel's sulphur content, follow not only the trends in fuel consumption but do also reflect fuel-sulphur legislation:
 +
 +{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:navigation:1a3di_em_so2.png?700 }}
  
 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
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 ^ absolute change  |                 -206 |               92 |       -114 | ^ absolute change  |                 -206 |               92 |       -114 |
 ^ relative change  |               -1,34% |            0,24% |     -0,21% | ^ relative change  |               -1,34% |            0,24% |     -0,21% |
 +<sup>1</sup> as provided in AGEB (2020) [(AGEB2020)]: including light heating oil 
  
 In contrast, all country-specific and default **emission factors applied remain unrevised** compared to last year's submission. In contrast, all country-specific and default **emission factors applied remain unrevised** compared to last year's submission.