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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:navigation:international_maritime_navigation [2021/04/10 08:36] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:navigation:international_maritime_navigation [2021/12/15 20:00] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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^ Heavy fuel oil | ^ Heavy fuel oil | ||
| **Ʃ 1.A.3.d ii** | | **Ʃ 1.A.3.d ii** | ||
- | source: own estimates based on [(DEICHNIK2020)] | + | source: own estimates based on underlying BSH model (Deichnik, K. (2020)) |
Consumption of heavy oil has been increasing since 1984 as a result of high petroleum prices, global increases in transports and increasing maritime use of diesel engines that can run on heavy oil. The emissions fluctuations that occurred in the navigation sector in 1992 and 1996 were caused by trade and oil crises. | Consumption of heavy oil has been increasing since 1984 as a result of high petroleum prices, global increases in transports and increasing maritime use of diesel engines that can run on heavy oil. The emissions fluctuations that occurred in the navigation sector in 1992 and 1996 were caused by trade and oil crises. | ||
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Furthermore, | Furthermore, | ||
- | === Emission factors === | + | {{ : |
+ | |||
+ | ==== Emission factors | ||
For **main pollutants** and **particulate matter**, modelled emission factors are available from (Deichnik, K. (2020)) [(DEICHNIK2020)]. | For **main pollutants** and **particulate matter**, modelled emission factors are available from (Deichnik, K. (2020)) [(DEICHNIK2020)]. | ||
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< | < | ||
- | > **NOTE: | + | <WRAP center round info 100%> |
+ | For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
+ | For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | > For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | ||
===== Discussion of emission trends===== | ===== Discussion of emission trends===== | ||
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Emission trends for unregulated pollutants (such as **NH< | Emission trends for unregulated pollutants (such as **NH< | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ : | ||
On the other hand, the emission trends for **SO< | On the other hand, the emission trends for **SO< | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ : | ||
===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== |