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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:start [2021/04/08 09:13] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:start [2021/12/15 20:00] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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^ Category Code ^ Method | ^ Category Code ^ Method | ||
| 1.A.3.c | | 1.A.3.c | ||
- | ^ Key Category | + | ^ Key Category |
| 1.A.3.c | | 1.A.3.c | ||
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^ Ʃ 1.A.3.c | ^ Ʃ 1.A.3.c | ||
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- | Regarding particulate-matter and heavy-metal emissions from **abrasion and wear of contact line, braking systems, tyres on rails**, annual transport performances of railway vehicles with electrical and Diesel traction derived from Knörr et al. (2020a) [(KNOERR2020b)] are applied as activity data. | + | Regarding particulate-matter and heavy-metal emissions from **abrasion and wear of contact line, braking systems, tyres on rails**, annual transport performances of railway vehicles with electrical and Diesel traction derived from Knörr et al. (2020a) [(KNOERR2020a)] are applied as activity data. |
==== Emission factors ==== | ==== Emission factors ==== | ||
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<WRAP center round info 100%> | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
- | For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | + | For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, |
</ | </ | ||
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===== Discussion of emission trends ===== | ===== Discussion of emission trends ===== | ||
- | ^ | + | __Table: |
- | | | + | | |
+ | | by: | Trend | ||
Basically, for all unregulated pollutants, emission trends directly follow the trend in over-all fuel consumption. | Basically, for all unregulated pollutants, emission trends directly follow the trend in over-all fuel consumption. | ||
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Therefore, for the **main pollutants**, | Therefore, for the **main pollutants**, | ||
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For all fractions of **particulate matter**, the majority of emissions generally result from abrasion and wear and the combustion of diesel fuels. Additional jumps in the over-all trend result from the use of lignite briquettes (1996-2001). Here, as the EF(BC) for fuel combustion are estimated via fractions provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)], | For all fractions of **particulate matter**, the majority of emissions generally result from abrasion and wear and the combustion of diesel fuels. Additional jumps in the over-all trend result from the use of lignite briquettes (1996-2001). Here, as the EF(BC) for fuel combustion are estimated via fractions provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)], | ||
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Due to fuel-sulphur legislation, | Due to fuel-sulphur legislation, | ||
For the years as of 2005, sulphur emissions from diesel combustion have decreased so strongly, that the over-all trend shows a slight increase again due to the now dominating contribution of sulphur from the use of solid fuels. | For the years as of 2005, sulphur emissions from diesel combustion have decreased so strongly, that the over-all trend shows a slight increase again due to the now dominating contribution of sulphur from the use of solid fuels. | ||
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Regarding **heavy metals**, emissions from combustion of diesel oil and from abrasion and wear are estimated from tier1 default emission factors. | Regarding **heavy metals**, emissions from combustion of diesel oil and from abrasion and wear are estimated from tier1 default emission factors. | ||
Therefore, the emission trends reflect the development of diesel use and - for copper, chromium and nickel emissions resulting from the abrasion & wear of contact line and braking systems - the annual transport performance (see description of activity data above). | Therefore, the emission trends reflect the development of diesel use and - for copper, chromium and nickel emissions resulting from the abrasion & wear of contact line and braking systems - the annual transport performance (see description of activity data above). | ||
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\\ | \\ | ||
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__Table 6: Revised country-specific emission factors for diesel fuels, in kg/TJ__ | __Table 6: Revised country-specific emission factors for diesel fuels, in kg/TJ__ | ||
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- | | **Nitrogen oxides - NO,,x,,** ||||||| | + | | **Nitrogen oxides - NO<sub>x</ |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | + | ^ Submission 2020 |
- | ^ Submission 2019 | + | ^ Submission 2019 |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
- | | **Non-methane volatile organic compounds - NMVOC** | + | | **Non-methane volatile organic compounds - NMVOC** |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | + | ^ Submission 2020 |
- | ^ Submission 2019 | + | ^ Submission 2019 |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
- | | **Particulate matter - PM** (PM,,2.5,, = PM,,10,, = TSP) | + | | **Particulate matter - PM** (PM<sub>2.5</ |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | + | ^ Submission 2020 |
- | ^ Submission 2019 | + | ^ Submission 2019 |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
- | | **Black carbon - BC** ||||||| | + | | **Black carbon - BC** ||||||| |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | + | ^ Submission 2020 |
- | ^ Submission 2019 | + | ^ Submission 2019 |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
- | | **Carbon monoxide - CO** | + | | **Carbon monoxide - CO** |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | + | ^ Submission 2020 |
- | ^ Submission 2019 | + | ^ Submission 2019 |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
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[(AGEB2020> | [(AGEB2020> | ||
- | [(MWV2020> | + | [(MWV2020> |
[(HEDEL2012> | [(HEDEL2012> | ||
[(ILLICHMANN2016> | [(ILLICHMANN2016> | ||
- | [(KNOERR2020b> Knörr et al. (2019a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: | + | [(KNOERR2020a> Knörr et al. (2019a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: |
[(EMEPEEA2019> | [(EMEPEEA2019> | ||
[(RENTZ2008> | [(RENTZ2008> | ||
[(KNOERR2009> | [(KNOERR2009> | ||