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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:heavy_duty_vehicles [2021/04/08 15:18] – kotzullasector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:heavy_duty_vehicles [2021/12/15 20:00] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 ==== Activity data ==== ==== Activity data ====
  
-Specific consumption data for heavy-duty vehicles (trucks and lorries) and buses are generated within TREMOD [((bibcite 1))]. - The following tables provide an overview of annual amounts of fuels consumed by these vehicles in Germany.+Specific consumption data for heavy-duty vehicles (trucks and lorries) and buses are generated within TREMOD [(KNOERR2020a)]. - The following tables provide an overview of annual amounts of fuels consumed by these vehicles in Germany.
  
 {{  :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:bus.png?nolink&300}}   {{  :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:bus.png?nolink&300}}  
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 ^ Petroleum                   |          0 |        610 |        414 |          0 |          0 |          0 |          0 |          0 |          0 |          0 |          0 |          0 |          0 |         0 |          0 |          0 |          0 |          0 | ^ Petroleum                   |          0 |        610 |        414 |          0 |          0 |          0 |          0 |          0 |          0 |          0 |          0 |          0 |          0 |         0 |          0 |          0 |          0 |          0 |
 | **Ʃ 1.A.3.b iii**           ^    459.124 ^    591.179 ^    687.835 ^    562.409 ^    615.465 ^    602.227 ^    590.547 ^    569.906 ^    616.985 ^    613.267 ^    643.403 ^    654.319 ^    624.360 ^   643.855 ^    649.887 ^    653.181 ^    638.221 ^    650.396 ^ | **Ʃ 1.A.3.b iii**           ^    459.124 ^    591.179 ^    687.835 ^    562.409 ^    615.465 ^    602.227 ^    590.547 ^    569.906 ^    616.985 ^    613.267 ^    643.403 ^    654.319 ^    624.360 ^   643.855 ^    649.887 ^    653.181 ^    638.221 ^    650.396 ^
-source: TREMOD 6.02 [((bibcite 1))] +source: TREMOD 6.02 [(KNOERR2020a)]
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-[[gallery size="medium"]] +
-: 1A3biii_AD.png +
-[[/gallery]] +
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-[!-- +
-[[f<image LKW.PNG size="small"]] +
- +
-[[gallery size="medium"]] +
-: 1A3biii_AD_SNF.png  +
-[[/gallery]] +
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-[[f<image bus.PNG size="small"]] +
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-[[gallery size="medium"]] +
-: 1A3biii_AD_Bus.png +
-: 1A3biii_AD_CNG.png   +
-[[/gallery]] +
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---]+
  
 <WRAP center round info 60%> <WRAP center round info 60%>
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 ==== Emission factors ==== ==== Emission factors ====
  
-The majority of emission factors for exhaust emissions from road transport are taken from the 'Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport' (HBEFA, version 4.1) [((bibcite 2))] where they are provided on a tier3 level mostly and processed within the TREMOD software used by the party [((bibcite 1))]. +The majority of emission factors for exhaust emissions from road transport are taken from the 'Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport' (HBEFA, version 4.1) [(KELLER2017)] where they are provided on a tier3 level mostly and processed within the TREMOD software used by the party [(KNOERR2020a)]. 
  
 However, it is not possible to present these tier3 values in a comprehendible way here.  However, it is not possible to present these tier3 values in a comprehendible way here. 
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 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
-For heavy-metal (other then lead from leaded gasoline) and PAH exhaust-emissions, default emission factors from the 2019 EMEP Guidebook (EMEP/EEA, 2019) [((bibcite 3))] have been applied. +For heavy-metal (other then lead from leaded gasoline) and PAH exhaust-emissions, default emission factors from the 2019 EMEP Guidebook (EMEP/EEA, 2019) [(EMEPEEA2019)] have been applied. 
-Regarding PCDD/F, tier1 EF from (Rentz et al., 2008) [((bibcite 4))] are used instead.+Regarding PCDD/F, tier1 EF from (Rentz et al., 2008) [(RENTZ2008)] are used instead.
  
 __Table 2: tier1 EF derived from default values__ __Table 2: tier1 EF derived from default values__
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 __Outcome of Key Category Analysis__ __Outcome of Key Category Analysis__
-^ Pollutant  ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  BC   ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^ +|  for: ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  BC   ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^ 
-| Key Category by:                    |  L/T             |  L/T  |  L/T              |  L/T               |+|   by: |  L/T             |  L/T  |  L/T              |  L/T               |
  
 ==== Nitrogen oxides==== ==== Nitrogen oxides====
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 ==== Ammonia and sulphur dioxide ==== ==== Ammonia and sulphur dioxide ====
  
-As for the entire road transport sector, the trends for **sulphur dioxide** (SO,,2,,) and **ammonia** (NH,,3,,) exhaust emissions from heavy duty vehicles show charcteristics different from those shown above: Here, the strong dependence on increasing fuel qualities (sulphur content) leads to an cascaded downward trend of SO,,2,, emissions , influenced only slightly by increases in fuel consumption and mileage. For **ammonia** emissions the increasing use of catalytic converters in gasoline driven cars in the 1990s lead to a steep increase whereas both the technical development of the converters and the ongoing shift from gasoline to diesel cars resulted in decreasing emissions in the following years.+As for the entire road transport sector, the trends for **sulphur dioxide** (SO<sub>2</sub>) and **ammonia** (NH<sub>3</sub>) exhaust emissions from heavy duty vehicles show charcteristics different from those shown above: Here, the strong dependence on increasing fuel qualities (sulphur content) leads to an cascaded downward trend of SO<sub>2</sub> emissions , influenced only slightly by increases in fuel consumption and mileage. For **ammonia** emissions the increasing use of catalytic converters in gasoline driven cars in the 1990s lead to a steep increase whereas both the technical development of the converters and the ongoing shift from gasoline to diesel cars resulted in decreasing emissions in the following years.
  
 {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:1a3biii_em_so2.png?700 }} {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:1a3biii_em_so2.png?700 }}
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 ====Particulate matter & Black carbon==== ====Particulate matter & Black carbon====
  
-As for all reported exhaust PM emissions from mobile diesel vehicles the Party assumes that nearly all particles emitted are within the PM,,2.5,, range, resulting in similar emission values for PM,,2.5,,, PM,,10,,, and TSP.+As for all reported exhaust PM emissions from mobile diesel vehicles the Party assumes that nearly all particles emitted are within the PM<sub>2.5</sub> range, resulting in similar emission values for PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, and TSP.
  
 {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:1a3biii_em_pm.png?700 }} {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:1a3biii_em_pm.png?700 }}
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 ===== FAQs ===== ===== FAQs =====
  
------- +[(KNOERR2020a> Knörr et al. (2020a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2020. )] 
- +[(KELLER2017> Keller et al. (2017): Keller, M., Hausberger, S., Matzer, C., Wüthrich, P., & Notter, B.: Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport, version 4.1 (Handbuch Emissionsfaktoren des Straßenverkehrs 4.1) URL: http://www.hbefa.net/e/index.html - Dokumentation, Bern, 2017. )] 
-[[bibliography]] +[(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019; https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-b-i/view; Copenhagen, 2019.)] 
-: 1 : Knörr et al. (2019a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2030, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2019. +[(RENTZ2008> Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )]
-: 2 : Keller et al. (2007): Keller, M., Hausberger, S., Matzer, C., Wüthrich, P., & Notter, B.: Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport, version 4.1 (Handbuch Emissionsfaktoren des Straßenverkehrs 4.1) URL: http://www.hbefa.net/e/index.html - Dokumentation, Bern, 2017. +
-: 3 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019; https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-b-i/view; Copenhagen, 2019. +
-: 4 : Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer +
-[[/bibliography]]+