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| sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:mopeds_and_motorcycles [2021/02/22 11:09] – [Short description] Key Category updated, no changes gniffke | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:mopeds_and_motorcycles [2021/12/15 20:00] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
| ^ Category Code ^ Method | ^ Category Code ^ Method | ||
| | 1.A.3.b iv | T1, T3 ||||| NS, M ||||| CS, M, D ||||| | | 1.A.3.b iv | T1, T3 ||||| NS, M ||||| CS, M, D ||||| | ||
| - | ^ Key Category | + | ^ Key Category |
| | 1.A.3.b iv | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | | 1.A.3.b iv | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | ||
| + | |||
| ===== Methodology ===== | ===== Methodology ===== | ||
| Line 14: | Line 15: | ||
| ==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
| - | Specific consumption data for mopeds and motorcycles is generated within the TREMOD model (ifeu, 2019a) [((bibcite 1))]. | + | Specific consumption data for mopeds and motorcycles is generated within the TREMOD model (Knörr, 2020a) [(KNOERR2020a)]. |
| {{ : | {{ : | ||
| Line 21: | Line 22: | ||
| __Table 1: Annual fuel consumption of mopeds and motorcycles, | __Table 1: Annual fuel consumption of mopeds and motorcycles, | ||
| - | | | + | | |
| - | | **MOPEDS** | + | | **MOPEDS** |
| - | | Gasoline | + | ^ Gasoline |
| - | | Biogasoline | + | ^ Biogasoline |
| - | ^ Ʃ Mopeds | + | | **Ʃ Mopeds** |
| - | | **MOTORCYCLES** | + | | **MOTORCYCLES** |
| - | | Gasoline | + | ^ Gasoline |
| - | | Biogasoline | + | ^ Biogasoline |
| - | ^ Ʃ Motorcycles | + | | **Ʃ Motorcycles** ^ 16.747 |
| - | | **MOTORIZED 2-WHEELERS: Mopeds & Motorcycles** | + | | **MOTORIZED 2-WHEELERS: Mopeds & Motorcycles** |
| - | | Gasoline | + | ^ Gasoline |
| - | | Biogasoline | + | ^ Biogasoline |
| - | ^ Ʃ 1.A.3.b iv ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ | + | | **Ʃ 1.A.3.b iv** |
| - | source: TREMOD 6.02 [((bibcite 1))] | + | source: TREMOD 6.02 [(KNOERR2020a)] |
| - | {{ : | + | {{ : |
| - | {{ | + | |
| <WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | === Emission factors === | + | ==== Emission factors |
| - | The majority of emission factors for exhaust emissions from road transport are taken from the ' | + | The majority of emission factors for exhaust emissions from road transport are taken from the ' |
| However, it is not possible to present these highly specific tier3 values in a comprehendible way here. | However, it is not possible to present these highly specific tier3 values in a comprehendible way here. | ||
| - | |||
| - | [!-- the following table provides a set of fuel-specific implied emission factors (ratio of total emissions per pollutant and total annual consumption. | ||
| - | |||
| - | __Table 2: Annual country-specific implied emission factors< | ||
| - | | | **1990** | ||
| - | | NH< | ||
| - | | NMVOC< | ||
| - | | NO< | ||
| - | | SO< | ||
| - | | CO | ||
| - | | PM< | ||
| - | | PM< | ||
| - | | TSP< | ||
| - | | BC | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | |||
| - | --] | ||
| <WRAP center round info 100%> | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
| Line 72: | Line 53: | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | + | For heavy-metal (other then lead from leaded gasoline) and PAH exhaust-emissions, | |
| - | For heavy-metal (other then lead from leaded gasoline) and PAH exhaust-emissions, | + | Regarding PCDD/F, tier1 EF from (Rentz et al., 2008) [(RENTZ2008)] are used instead. |
| - | Regarding PCDD/F, tier1 EF from (Rentz et al., 2008) [((bibcite 4))] are used instead. | + | |
| __Table 3: Overview of applied EMEP/EEA defaults and other tier1 EF__ | __Table 3: Overview of applied EMEP/EEA defaults and other tier1 EF__ | ||
| Line 83: | Line 63: | ||
| ===== Discussion of emission trends ===== | ===== Discussion of emission trends ===== | ||
| - | > **NFR 1.A.3.b iv** is key category | + | **NFR 1.A.3.b iv** is no key category. |
| - | ++ Carbon monoxide | + | ====Carbon monoxide==== |
| - | {{ : | + | {{ : |
| - | {{ | + | |
| - | + | ==== Non-methane volatile organic compounds==== | |
| - | ++ Non-methane volatile organic compounds | + | |
| Since 1990, exhaust emissions of NMVOC have decreased due to technical improvements. | Since 1990, exhaust emissions of NMVOC have decreased due to technical improvements. | ||
| - | {{ : | + | {{ : |
| - | ++ Nitrogen oxides | + | ====Nitrogen oxides==== |
| - | {{ : | + | {{ : |
| - | ++ Sulphur dioxide | + | ====Sulphur dioxide==== |
| - | As for the entire road transport sector, the trends for **sulphur dioxide** | + | As for the entire road transport sector, the trends for **sulphur dioxide** exhaust emissions from two-wheelers shows charcteristics very different from those shown above: Here, the strong dependence on increasing fuel qualities (sulphur content) leads to an cascaded downward trend of emissions , influenced only slightly by increases in fuel consumption and mileage. |
| - | {{ : | + | {{ : |
| - | + | ==== Particulate | |
| - | ++ Particulate | + | |
| Particle emissions result from the comusbtion of gasoline and bioethanol. Here, due to the assumption that nearly all TSP emitted is formed by particles in the PM,,2.5,, range, similar estimates are provided for all three fractions. (Exception: Until 1997, additional TSP emissions from use of leaded gasoline are included.) | Particle emissions result from the comusbtion of gasoline and bioethanol. Here, due to the assumption that nearly all TSP emitted is formed by particles in the PM,,2.5,, range, similar estimates are provided for all three fractions. (Exception: Until 1997, additional TSP emissions from use of leaded gasoline are included.) | ||
| - | {{ : | + | {{ : |
| ===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
| Line 121: | Line 98: | ||
| __Table 4: Revised fuel consumption data, in terajoules__ | __Table 4: Revised fuel consumption data, in terajoules__ | ||
| - | | | + | | |
| - | | **GASOLINE** | + | | **GASOLINE** |
| - | ^ Submission | + | ^ Submission |
| - | ^ Submission | + | ^ Submission |
| - | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
| - | | **BIOGASOLINE** | + | | **BIOGASOLINE** |
| - | ^ Submission | + | ^ Submission |
| - | ^ Submission | + | ^ Submission |
| - | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
| - | | **TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION** | + | | **TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION** |
| - | ^ Submission | + | ^ Submission |
| - | ^ Submission | + | ^ Submission |
| - | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
| Due to the variety of tier3 **emission factors** applied, it is not possible to display any changes in these data sets in a comprehendible way. | Due to the variety of tier3 **emission factors** applied, it is not possible to display any changes in these data sets in a comprehendible way. | ||
| Line 151: | Line 127: | ||
| ===== FAQs ===== | ===== FAQs ===== | ||
| - | ------ | + | [(KNOERR2020a> |
| - | + | [(KELLER2017> | |
| - | [[bibliography]] | + | [(EMEPEEA2019> |
| - | : 1 : Knörr et al. (2019a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: | + | [(RENTZ2008> |
| - | : 2 : Keller et al., (2007): Keller, M., Hausberger, S., Matzer, C., Wüthrich, P., & Notter, B.: Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport, version 4.1 (Handbuch Emissionsfaktoren des Straßenverkehrs 4.1); URL: http:// | + | |
| - | : 3 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019; https:// | + | |
| - | : 4 : Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, | + | |
| - | [[/ | + | |