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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:start [2021/01/18 20:18] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:start [2021/04/15 08:10] – [Emission factors] kotzulla | ||
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===== Methodology ===== | ===== Methodology ===== | ||
- | === Activity data === | + | ==== Activity data ==== |
- | Basically, total inland fuel deliveries are available from the National Energy Balances (NEBs) (AGEB, | + | Basically, total inland fuel deliveries are available from the National Energy Balances (NEBs) (AGEB, |
- | Based upon these primary activity data, specific consumption data for the different types of road vehicles are generated within TREMOD [((bibcite 3))]. | + | Based upon these primary activity data, specific consumption data for the different types of road vehicles are generated within TREMOD [(KNOERR2020a)]. |
<WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
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- | === Emission factors === | + | ==== Emission factors |
- | The majority of emissions factors for exhaust emissions from road transport are taken from the ' | + | The majority of emissions factors for exhaust emissions from road transport are taken from the ' |
<WRAP center round info 100%> | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
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As it is not possible to present these tier3 values in a comprehendible way, the NFR sub-chapters linked above provide sets of fuel-specific implied emission factors instead. | As it is not possible to present these tier3 values in a comprehendible way, the NFR sub-chapters linked above provide sets of fuel-specific implied emission factors instead. | ||
- | For heavy-metal (other then lead from leaded gasoline) and PAH exhaust-emissions, | + | For heavy-metal (other then lead from leaded gasoline) and PAH exhaust-emissions, |
- | Regarding PCDD/F, tier1 EF from (Rentz et al., 2008) [((bibcite 6))] are used instead. | + | Regarding PCDD/F, tier1 EF from (Rentz et al., 2008) [(RENTZ2008)] are used instead. |
+ | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
+ | For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | ||
+ | </ | ||
===== Trends of exhaust emissions from road transport vehicles ===== | ===== Trends of exhaust emissions from road transport vehicles ===== | ||
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The observed trends for **NO,,x,,, NMVOC and CO emissions** represent the changes in legislatory emission limits and the regarding implementation of mitigation technologies. | The observed trends for **NO,,x,,, NMVOC and CO emissions** represent the changes in legislatory emission limits and the regarding implementation of mitigation technologies. | ||
- | Trends for **sulphur dioxide** | + | Trends for **sulphur dioxide** show charcteristics very different from those shown above. |
Here, the strong dependence on increasing fuel qualities leads to an cascaded downward trend of **SO,,2,, emissions**, | Here, the strong dependence on increasing fuel qualities leads to an cascaded downward trend of **SO,,2,, emissions**, | ||
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For **exhaust particulate matter emissions** from diesel road vehicles, the party assumes that nearly all particles emitted are within the PM,,2.5,, range, resulting in similar emission values for PM,,2.5,,, PM,,10,,, and TSP. | For **exhaust particulate matter emissions** from diesel road vehicles, the party assumes that nearly all particles emitted are within the PM,,2.5,, range, resulting in similar emission values for PM,,2.5,,, PM,,10,,, and TSP. | ||
Excumptions from this assumption can be observed for gasoline road vehicles for the years until 1997 when **additional TSP emissions** resulted **from the use of leaded gasoline** that was banned in 1997. | Excumptions from this assumption can be observed for gasoline road vehicles for the years until 1997 when **additional TSP emissions** resulted **from the use of leaded gasoline** that was banned in 1997. | ||
- | Furthermore, | + | Furthermore, |
- | For **Heavy Metals** and **PAHs**, emissions are calculated with tier1 default EF from [((bibcite 5))] resulting in trends that simply reflect the annual fuel consumption. | + | For **Heavy Metals** and **PAHs**, emissions are calculated with tier1 default EF from [(EMEPEEA2019)] resulting in trends that simply reflect the annual fuel consumption. |
Here, the only excumption are **lead emissions from leaded gasoline** that was in use until 1996 with lead contents provided in the table below: | Here, the only excumption are **lead emissions from leaded gasoline** that was in use until 1996 with lead contents provided in the table below: | ||
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===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
- | Recalculations of exhaust-emissions are mainly based on the fundamental revision | + | Recalculations of exhaust-emissions are mainly based on annual routine revisions |
- | Here, all country-specific | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [[gallery size=" | + | |
- | : HBEFA4-1.PNG | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ------ | + | |
- | [[bibliography]] | + | [(AGEB2020> |
- | : 1 : AGEB, 2019: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; | + | [(BAFA2020> |
- | : 2 : MWV, 2019: Association of the German Petroleum Industry (Mineralölwirtschaftsverband, | + | URL: https:// |
- | : 3 : Knörr et al. (2019a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: | + | [(MWV2020> |
- | : 4 : INFRAS, 2019: Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport, version 4.1 (Handbuch Emissionsfaktoren des Straßenverkehrs 4.1); URL: https:// | + | [(KNOERR2020a> |
- | : 5 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019; Copenhagen, 2019. | + | [(KELLER2017> |
- | : 6 : Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, | + | [(EMEPEEA2019> |
- | : 7 : Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; | + | [(RENTZ2008> |
- | [[/ | + |